Chidule cha "Chikhalidwe cha Russia" Tolstoy A.

"Chikhalidwe cha Russian! Pitani ndipo lembani izo ... "- Ndi mawu osangalatsa, ochokera pansi pamtima akuyamba nkhani" Chikhalidwe cha Russia "ndi Alexei Tolstoy. Inde, kodi n'zotheka kufotokoza, kuyeza, kutanthauzira zomwe zili zoposa mawu ndi kumverera? Ndipo inde, ndipo ayi. Inde, chifukwa ndi kofunika kulankhula, kulingalira, yesetsani kumvetsa, kudziwa chomwe chiri chonse. Izi, ngati ndinganene choncho, zikhumbozi, zong'ung'udza, chifukwa chakuti moyo wosatha umatha. Ndipo mbali inayo, ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa momwe timanenera, sititha kufika pansi. Kuzama kwake sikuperewera. Momwe mungalongosole khalidwe la Chirasha, ndi mawu ati oti musankhe? N'zotheka ndi chitsanzo cha ntchito yachangu. Koma mungasankhe bwanji amene mukufuna? Pali zochuluka kwambiri kuti n'zovuta kuti tisataye.

Alexei Tolstoy, "chikhalidwe cha Russian": kusanthula ntchitoyo

Panthawi ya nkhondo, Alexei Tolstoy amapanga zosonkhanitsa zodabwitsa "Nkhani za Ivan Sudarev", zokhala ndi nkhani zisanu ndi ziwiri. Zonsezi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mutu umodzi - Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikondi cha 1941 mpaka 1945, lingaliro limodzi - kuyamikira ndi kuyamikira kukonda dziko ndi kulimba mtima kwa anthu a ku Russia, ndi khalidwe limodzi lokha, zomwe mbiriyi ikuchitidwa m'dzina lake. Uyu ndiye msilikali wokwera pamahatchi Ivan Sudarev. Otsiriza, kuthetsa kuzungulira konse, ndi nkhani "Chikhalidwe cha Russia". Alexei Tolstoy ndi chithandizo chake amatsimikizira zomwe zinanenedwa kale. Iye ali ngati zotsatira za zonse zomwe zanenedwapo kale, pa malingaliro onse ndi malingaliro a wolemba za munthu wa Chirasha, za moyo wa Russian, za chiyankhulo cha Chirasha: kukongola, kuya, ndi mphamvu si "chotengera chopanda pake" koma "kutentha kwa moto" M'chombocho. "

Mutu ndi lingaliro la nkhaniyi

Kuchokera mzere woyamba wolemba akufotokoza mutu wa nkhaniyi. Inde, tikukamba za munthu wa Chirasha. Kuchokera kuntchito: "Ndikufuna ndikuuzeni za chikhalidwe cha Chirasha ..." Ndipo apa tikumva zolemba, osati kungowakayikira, koma ndikudandaula kuti mawonekedwe a ntchito ndi ochepa komanso ochepa - nkhani yochepa yomwe siyikugwirizana ndi wosankhidwayo Chiwerengero. Ndipo mutu ndi dzina ndizofunika kwambiri. Koma palibe chochita, chifukwa mukufuna kulankhula ...

Zokongoletsera za nkhaniyi zimathandiza kufotokoza momveka bwino lingaliro la ntchitoyi. Kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto timayang'ana zolemba za wolemba pa kukongola. Kodi kukongola ndi chiyani? Kukongola kwa thupi kumveka kwa aliyense, ndi pamwamba pamtunda, ndikofunika kuti mupeze. Ayi, iye sakusamala za wongomva nkhaniyo. Amawona kukongola mwa wina - mu moyo, mu khalidwe, mu ntchito. Makamaka zimadziwika pa nkhondo, pamene imfa ili pafupi nthawi zonse. Ndiye anthu amakhala abwinoko , anthu "amachotsa zomwe zilibechabechabe, nkhumba, ngati khungu, zakufa pambuyo pa kutentha kwa dzuwa", ndipo sizimatha, ndi chimodzi chokhacho - chimake. Izi zikhoza kuwonetsedwa momveka bwino mwa munthu wamkulu - mwamtendere, wodekha, Egor Dremov wolimba, mwa makolo ake achikulire, wokwatiwa wokongola ndi wokhulupirika wa Katerina, woyendetsa sitima ya Chuvilov.

Kuwonetsera ndi kumangirira

Nthawi ya nkhaniyi - kasupe wa 1944. Nkhondo yomasulidwa motsutsana ndi otsutsa a fascist akugwedeza kwathunthu. Koma iye si wochita masewero, koma mkhalidwe, mdima ndi wovuta, koma momveka bwino ndikuwonetsa momveka bwino mitundu yodabwitsa ya chikondi, kukoma mtima, ubwenzi ndi kukongola.

Zofotokozera zimapereka chidziwitso chachidule cha munthu wamkulu mu nkhaniyi - Yegor Dremov. Iye anali munthu wophweka, wodzichepetsa, wamtendere, wosungidwa. Iye sanalankhule pang'ono, makamaka sakonda "kuyankhula" za zida zankhondo ndipo anali ndi manyazi poyankhula za chikondi. Nthawi ina amangotchulidwa mwachindunji za mkwatibwi wake - mtsikana wabwino ndi wokhulupirika. Kuyambira pano mpaka pano, mukhoza kuyamba kufotokozera mwachidule chikhalidwe cha Chiroma cha Tolstoy. Zindikirani apa kuti Ivan Suzdalov, yemwe nkhani yake ikuchitidwa, adadziwana ndi Yegor pambuyo pa kuvulazidwa kwake koopsa ndi mapulasitiki, koma pofotokozera iye palibe mawu amodzi okhudza zovuta za mnzako. M'malo mwake, iye amangoona zokongola zokha, "chikondi chauzimu", amamuyang'ana pamene akudumpha zida zankhondo, "Mulungu wa Nkhondo."

Timapitiriza kufotokozera mwachidule chikhalidwe cha Chiroma cha Tolstoy. Chiwembu cha chiwembu ndi chilonda choopsa cha Yegor Dremov pa nkhondo pa Kursk Dug. Nkhope yake inali pansi, ndipo ngakhale m'malo mafupa amatha kuwona, koma anapulumuka. Anabwezeretsa maso, milomo, mphuno, koma kale anali nkhope ina.

Kuchuluka

Chimaliziro ndicho kufika kwa msilikali wankhondo wolimba mtima paulendo atatha kuchipatala. Msonkhano ndi bambo ndi amayi, pamodzi ndi mkwatibwi - ndi anthu oyandikana nawo m'moyo wake, sanasanduke chisangalalo choyembekezeredwa, koma kukhala wosungulumwa mumtima. Iye sakanakhoza, sanayesere kuvomereza kwa makolo akale kuti munthu yemwe ali patsogolo pawo ali ndi mawonekedwe osasokonezeka ndi mawu achilendo ndi mwana wawo. N'zosatheka kuti nkhope yakale ya amayi ikunjenjemera kwambiri. Komabe, panali chiyembekezo mwa iye chomwe bambo ndi mayi amamuzindikira, iwo angaganize mopanda kufotokoza yemwe anabwera kwa iwo, ndipo kenako chosawoneka chosawoneka chidzathyoledwa. Koma izi sizinachitike. Sitinganene kuti mtima wa amayi a Mary Polikarpovna sunamvepo kanthu. Dzanja lake ndi supuni pa nthawi ya chakudya, kayendetsedwe kake - mfundo zooneka ngati zazing'ono sizimachoka m'maso mwake, koma sankaganiza. Ndipo panonso, Katerina, yemwe anali mkwatibwi wa Yegor, sanamuzindikire, koma atawona nkhope yoopsa ya nkhopeyo adatsamira ndipo adachita mantha. Umenewu unali udzu wotsiriza, ndipo adachoka kunyumba ya bambo ake tsiku lotsatira. Inde, adakhumudwa, akukhumudwa, komanso akudandaula, koma adaganiza zopereka nsembe zake - ndi bwino kuchoka, mpanda, osangoopseza nokha komanso achibale anu. Chidule cha "chikhalidwe cha Russian" cha Tolstoy sichimatha pamenepo.

Kudula ndi kumaliza

Chimodzi mwa zikuluzikulu za khalidwe la Chirasha, moyo wa Russian ndi chikondi cha nsembe. Ndikumverera kotereku, kopanda malire. Chikondi si cha chinachake osati chifukwa cha chinachake. Ndi chosowa chosadziwika, chosadziŵa kuti nthawizonse ndiyandikira kwa munthu, kumusamalira, kumuthandiza, kumuchitira chifundo, kupuma ndi iye. Ndipo liwu lakuti "lotsatira" silinayesedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi, limatanthawuza ulusi wosawoneka, wochenjera, koma wolimba kwambiri wauzimu pakati pa anthu achikondi.

Amayi atatha kuchoka kwa Yegor, sanathe kupeza malo. Anaganiza kuti munthu uyu ali ndi nkhope yosasintha ndi mwana wake wokondedwa. Bambo adakayikira, koma adanena kuti ngati msilikali ameneyu akubwera ndiye kuti ndi mwana wake, ndiye kuti musamachite manyazi, koma muzinyadira. Motero, iye anatetezadi kwawo kwawo. Amayi amalemba kalata kutsogolo ndikumuuza kuti asazunze ndi kunena zoona, monga momwe zilili. Akukhudzidwa, amavomereza kuti akubera ndikupempha chikhululukiro ... Patapita nthawi, amayi ake ndi mkwatibwi amabwera kwa iye mu regiment. Kukhululukirana kumodzi, chikondi popanda mawu osayenerera ndi kukhulupirika - ndicho chimaliziro chosangalatsa, apa iwo ali, anthu a Chirasha. Monga akunena, monga munthu wophweka, palibe chodabwitsa mmenemo, koma mavuto adzafika, masiku oopsa adzabwera, ndipo kukongola kwakukulu, kukongola kwaumunthu, kumadzera mwa iye kamodzi.

Chidule cha "chikhalidwe cha Russian" Tolstoy, ndithudi, sangathe kufotokozera bwino ndi kuya kwake kwa chiwembu, kotero ndi bwino kuti muwerenge zoyambirirazo.