Nkhondo ya Shengrabensky m'nkhani yakuti "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" Tolstoy L.N.

Nkhondo ya Shengrabens mu buku la nkhondo ndi mtendere wa Leo Tolstoy ndi imodzi mwa zosaiwalika. Komabe, ngati mutakhala ndi cholinga chophunzira bwino maphunziro ndi chitukuko cha nkhondo ndi Napoleon mu 1805, nkhondoyi siidakusowetsani chidwi chanu. M'nkhani yowonjezera ya nkhondo, chochitika ichi chikanakhala chofanana ndi comma mu chiganizocho.

Koma nkhondo ya L. Tolstoy pafupi ndi mudzi wa Shengraben inapereka mpata wolemba zithunzi zambiri zamaganizo za ankhondo awo. Apa maganizo a wolemba yekha ku nkhondoyi akuwoneka bwino. Ndipotu, pamasewerowa ndiye kuti ndi nkhondo yokha yomwe inali ndi chikonzero cha makhalidwe abwino.

Gawo laling'ono la lonse lonse

Pofuna kumvetsetsa malo omwe nkhondo ya Shengrabens ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhondo ndi mtendere (nkhondo yonse), ndi bwino kufotokozera mwachidule zifukwa zowonekera, zochitika komanso udindo wa asilikali a Russia pa nkhondoyi.

Choncho, pankhondo imeneyi, dziko la Russia silinagawanitsidwe kapena kutetezedwa. Zonsezi zinayamba ndi mfundo yakuti Napoleon adagonjetsa Great Britain. Iye adafotokozera mwachidule "Army Wake" wake mu chiwerengero cha anthu 180,000 kupita ku Channel ku France. Kwa Foggy Albion zinali zoopsa kwambiri. Zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kuti zisawononge mphamvu zenizeni kwa mphamvu zowonongeka bwino.

Nyanja yamadzi

Mfundo yofooka ya gulu lankhondo la Napoleonic inali ndege. Zinali zovuta kwambiri kupanga bungwe lothandiza kwambiri panthawi yomwe dzikoli linkagwiritsidwa ntchito. Napoleon, atagwirizanitsa zombo zake ndi Apanishi, anayesera kuchepetsa magulu akuluakulu a zombo za ku England kuchokera ku English Channel. Koma ku Nkhondo ya Trafalgar, flotilla yake inagonjetsedwa kwakukulu kuchokera kwa Admiral Nelson, mkulu wa gulu la England.

Kubadwa kwa mgwirizano

Komabe, England adadziwa kuti kupambana kumeneku kunam'patsa mpumulo wokhazikika, chifukwa asilikali a adani ake ochokera kumalire ake sanathenso kulikonse. Chifukwa chake, boma la Britain limathamanga mwamphamvu nkhondo yotsutsana ndi Napoleonic, yomwe ikuphatikizapo Russia, Austria, Sweden, Portugal ndi Ufumu wa Naples.

Zotsatira za zochita zosokonezeka za Allies

Poyendetsa masewera a masewera a nkhondo, chigamulochi chikupangidwira kukantha Bavaria ndi Italy (allies of France). Russia ikukankhira asilikali ake awiri kuthandiza Austria. Panthawiyi, a ku Austria, osayang'ana zolimbikitsana, kuzungulira Bayern.

Napoleon ndi mafoni ambiri omwe amaponya mphamvu zake, ndipo anadabwa, asilikali a ku Austria. Mkhalidwe uwu, General Kutuzov akungofuna kuti aloŵe nawo gulu lachiwiri la Russia motsogoleredwa ndi Buxgaeveden.

Amagwira bwino nkhondo ya Napoleon, kuwerengera ndi kuyembekezera zochita zake, ndipo amachitanso nkhondo pafupi ndi Krems, zomwe zimapweteka kwambiri French. Komabe, gulu la adani lidali ndi mwayi wochuluka, ndipo Bonaparte ayamba kuyenda, ngati apambana, adzatha kulimbana ndi asilikali a Kutuzov.

Pofuna kupewa izi, nkhondo ya Shengraben inkafunikanso. Tolstoy anasankha bwino kwambiri nkhaniyi ya nkhondo kuti afotokoze momwe anthu osiyana amadziwonetsera okha pavuto lalikulu. Mu bukhu lake, fungo la mfuti ndi mpweya wozizira wa amzanga a imfa akuyenda pamzere wa okwatirana akuchotsa masks ndikuwulula zomwe kwenikweni za munthu.

Nkhondo ya Shengraben: mwachidule

Chiwembu chinayamba Chifalansa. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo, anafika kumalo a asilikali achi Russia. Kuposa kwina kunali kumbali ya gulu lankhondo la Napoleonic. Asilikari zikwi makumi atatu kutsutsana ndi zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi pansi pa lamulo la Major-General Bagration.

Mwa mfuti mu msasa wa Russia panali zinyama zinayi, zomwe, malinga ndi dongosolo loyamba la utsogoleri wa usilikali, ziyenera kuyaka pamtunda wapafupi. Koma Captain Tushin amasankha kupha bomba la Shengraben ndi zipolopolo zoopsa. Kumeneku kunali komwe gawo lalikulu la a French linaima.

Panthawi yoyamba, asilikali a Russia adanjenjemera, ndipo olamulirawo anasintha malo. Koma gululo, asilikali omwe anali ndi fuse amathamangira pankhondoyo. Pofuna kutumiza zigawo zofooketsa, Captain Tushin, yemwe analamula kuti batiri ya mfuti zinayi ikhalepo, adatenga zonsezo. Koma anapitiriza kupsereza ndi mphamvu kotero kuti a French anaganiza kuti kumeneko ndi kumene asilikali akuluakulu a ku Russia adakalikira. Tushin adatha kuyatsa mudzi wa Shengraben, ndipo izi zidasokoneza mdaniyo.

Pamapeto pake, pambuyo polimbana ndi kuyendetsa bwino, a French adatha kutenga anthu a Bagration kulowa mu mphete. Koma, pokhala atasonkhana ndi mphamvu, iwo anadutsa mu cordon ndipo anabwerera ku malo atsopano.

Cholingacho chinakwaniritsidwa - asilikaliwa anatha kuchepetsa nkhondo ya Napoleonic kuti apititse kuti Kutuzov agwirizane ndi asilikali ake a Buxgewenden.

Pozindikira utumiki umenewu, chipani ichi chinatchedwa "Gulu la Akazi".

Chopereka cha Leo Tolstoy

Ngakhale kuti zochitika za nkhondoyi zinalidi zamphamvu, ndi chifukwa cha Tolstoy kuti adafotokoza nkhondo ya Shengraben m'nkhani ya nkhondo ndi mtendere kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, munthu aliyense wophunzira amadziwa za asilikali a Russia ku Shengrab.

Ndipo izo zingakhale bwanji mwinamwake? Ndipotu Leo Tolstoy ndi wodziwika bwino, choncho buku lake "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" likuphatikizidwa mu maphunziro onse, ndipo aliyense wophunzira sukulu amamva za nkhondo ya Shengraben. Ndi mutu wanji womwe ukulongosola nkhondoyi, ndi ankhondo otani omwe akukhudzidwa pa zochitikazo, ndi chiani zomwe amachitazo - izi ndizochepa zomwe zimaperekedwa m'malingaliro a ana.

Njira ya sayansi

Ndizodabwitsa kuti wolembayo anali ndi udindo waukulu pofotokoza zochitika za nkhondo. Anaphunzira mosamala zolembazo ndipo anadzifikanso kunkhondo kuti afotokoze bwino zomwe zinachitikazo. Kodi Tolstoy amapanga bwanji nkhondo ya Shengraben? Chaputalachi chimayamba ndi zosavuta kumva, koma zafotokozedwa mozungulira. Lev Nikolaevich, yemwe ndi luso lojambula bwino, amamveketsa m'maganizo mwa owerenga momveka bwino. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zosavuta kumvetsetsa zomwe anthu omwe akuchita nawo nkhondo akukumana nazo.

Chigamulo cha maganizo

Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwona momwe maonekedwe a ena a masewera a bukuli amasinthira nkhondo. Mwachitsanzo, pakuona nkhondo ya Shengraben, Bolkonski amadziwa kuti momwe zinthu zilili pa nthawi yolimbana ndi zovuta ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi ndondomeko zoganizira zolembedwa pamapepala.

Mnyamatayo Nikolai Rostov avomereza ndi mantha kuti chikondi cha asilikali chinatha panthawi imodzi, ndipo mantha okhawo a moyo wake anakhalabe. Amadzichitira manyazi, koma sangathe kuthandizira.

Komabe, Tolstoy satiululira ife chabe dziko lamkati la ankhondo ake. Kwa kanthawi kochepa chabe kafotokozera, amasintha maganizo a wowerenga yekha kwa enawo.

Nkhondo ya Shengraben mu buku la "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ikuwonekera kwa ife kuchokera kumalingaliro osiyana. Tili ndi mwayi wowona nkhondo ndi malingaliro a mkati mwa ena mwa omwe akugwira ntchito. Choncho, nondescript komanso ngakhale kapitawo wamkulu Tushin akuwonekera patsogolo pathu ngati munthu wamphamvu. ZHerkov wolimba mtima ndi wotambasula, m'malo mwake, amasonyeza mantha owopsya. Andrei Bolkonsky nayenso amawopa, koma ali woyenera kuligonjetsa, kuthandiza batsi ya Tushin kuti achoke.