Ntchito zodabwitsa za Pushkin: "Mozart ndi Salieri", mwachidule

Zoopsa "Mozart ndi Salieri" zikuphatikizidwa mu chiwerengero cha chipinda cham'kati mwa ntchito zodabwitsa za Alexander Pushkin, zomwe mlembi mwiniyo anazitcha "Zovuta Zang'ono." Olembedwa mu 1830, adakulitsa zovuta za filosofi ndi makhalidwe zomwe zinali zofunika kwa wolemba ndakatulo komanso mabwenzi ake apamtima: zovuta kutsutsa, kutsutsidwa ndi chikondi cha khalidwe loyeretsa la anthu mu "Stone Guest"; Kuwononga mphamvu ya ndalama mu "Mean Knight"; Umulungu ndi umunthu waumulungu, udindo wake pa ntchito zake ndi ntchito ku Mozart ndi Salieri; Kusakhutira kufa imfa isanakhalepo, ndikutsutsa zofuna zowonongeka m'moyo mu "Phwando pa mliriwu."

Mozart ndi Salieri

Zoopsa za "Mozart ndi Salieri", zomwe zili zochepa zomwe zingathe kuchepetsedwa - ntchito yofikira kwambiri. Wolembayo amamufunsa mafunso ofunika kwambiri kwa ojambula onse omwe ali ndi luso labwino monga ngati katswiri angakhoze kuchita zoyipa ndipo ngati atha kukhala wotchuka. Kodi muyenera kubweretsa chiyani kwa anthu? Kodi lingaliro laumisiri lingathe kukhala munthu wamba, wopanda ungwiro tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi ena ambiri. Choncho, ngakhale kuti Mozart ndi Salieri akuwerengedwanso kangati pachiyambi, chidule cha ntchito yochititsa chidwi imeneyi, nthawi zonse mumakhala wowerenga woganiza bwino.

Zoopsazi zimachokera ku mphekesera zomwe Antonio Salieri wolemba nyimbo anachita chifukwa cha nsanje adamupweteka nzeru za Mozart. Palibe umboni wowonongeka wa chigawenga ichi. Koma izi si zofunika kwa Pushkin. Potsutsa nkhani yotsutsana ngati imeneyi, wolemba ndakatulo amamuthandiza ndikuganizira za wina: chifukwa chiyani Salieri akusankha kusokoneza moyo wa bwenzi lake waluntha? Nsanje izi kapena chinachake? Kodi n'zotheka kufotokozera wanzeru ndi wojambulajambula? Kuyambira koyamba kuwerengera "Mozart ndi Salieri", chidule cha zovuta za yankho, ndithudi, sichipereka. Mu Pushkin ayenera kuganiza!

Kotero, Salieri. Timamudziwa kumayambiriro kwa ntchitoyi. Ali kale, atatamandidwa ndi kutchuka, amakumbukira zoyamba zake mu nyimbo. Ali mnyamata, amadziona yekha talente, komabe samayesa kuti adzikhulupirire yekha, amaphunzira mosamala ntchito ya oimba ambiri ndikuwatsatira, amamvetsa "mogwirizana ndi algebra", osati kupanga nyimbo zolimbikitsa, malinga ndi kuthawa kwa moyo wake ndi malingaliro ake, monga momwe adachitira Kungakhale katswiri, ndi "kuwalekanitsa ngati mtembo," kulowa muzipangizo, kuwerengera zolemba ndi kusiyana kwawo pa chigawo chilichonse ndi phokoso. Ndipo pokhapokha ataphunzira mosamalitsa chiphunzitsochi, njira zopanga nyimbo, malamulo ake, Salieri mwiniwake amayamba kulembera, kutentha kwakukulu, chinachake, pambuyo pa kutsutsa kosavuta, kusiya. Pang'onopang'ono, amadziwika, amadziwika. Koma wopanga "anavutika" kutchuka kwake: kulemba kwa iye ndi ntchito yovuta. Iye mwiniyo amadziwa kuti si Mbuye ndi wophunzira mu Art Art. Koma sakhala ndi nsanje kwa iwo omwe ali otchuka komanso odziwa bwino, chifukwa wadziwa amadziwa kuti: Anthu a m'nthaŵi yake apindula kutchuka m'munda wa nyimbo, komanso chifukwa cha ntchito yovuta. Mwa ichi ali ofanana.

Chinthu chinanso cha Mozart, "sichidziŵika bwino." Iye amapanga zinthu zogwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, kuseka ndi, ngati kuti kuseka pa filosofi ya chidziwitso chomwe anachilera ndi kudzidzimangira yekha ndi Salieri. Mng'ono wachinyamata ndi wachilendo kwa Salieri wodzikweza, kudziletsa mwamphamvu ndi mantha kuchoka ku zizindikiro zovomerezeka muzojambula. Mozart amapanga, monga amapuma: mwachibadwa, molingana ndi chikhalidwe chake. Mwina uyu ndi Salieri wokwiya kwambiri.

"Mozart ndi Salieri," chidule chake, chitsimikizirani, kutsutsana ndi maganizo a Salieri omwe ali ndi iye mwini. Wopambana amasankha vutolo: Kodi Mozart amafunika kujambula? Kodi nthawi tsopano ndi yokonzeka kuzindikira ndi kumvetsetsa nyimbo zake? Kodi sizongoganizira za nthawi yake? Sizachilendo kuti Antonio akufananitsa Mozart ndi mngelo, kerubi wokongola yemwe, atathawira pansi, adzatumikira anthu ngati chitonzo chifukwa cha kupanda ungwiro kwawo. Mozart, pokhala ndi ntchito yake yodzikweza ndi yodalirika, pambali imodzi, imakweza luso ndi miyoyo ya anthu kupita kumalo atsopano, pambali inayo - ikuwonetsa zomwe olemba ndi makono awo ali nazo. Koma kodi anthu omwe amadziwika okha ndi omwe amakhala okonzeka kapena ali anthu chabe omwe sali ndi luso lozindikira munthu ngati mtengo wamanja? Tsoka, ayi! Pushkin nayenso anakumana ndi vuto lomwelo kangapo, nthawi yake isanakwane. Chifukwa ngakhale kufotokozera mwachidule kwa Mozart ndi Salieri kumamvetsetsa zomwe ndakatuloyo adakhala, zomwe zimamudetsa nkhawa panthawi yolenga tsoka.

Salieri akubwera kwa Mozart. Akufuna kusonyeza bwenzi lake "chinthu" chatsopano chomwe adalemba posachedwapa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo "amamuchitira" nthabwala. "Pogwiritsa ntchito chipinda chodyera, Wolfgang anamva munthu woimba nyimbo woimba nyimbo akuimba nyimbo yake, mwachifundo. Ntchito imeneyi inkawoneka ngati yodabwitsa, ndipo adaganiza zokondwera Salieri. Komabe, nthabwala iyo siidavomereza ndi kuyendetsa zojambulazo, imatsutsa Mozart, kunyoza kuti iye samayamikira taluso yake ndipo kawirikawiri sali woyenera yekha. Mozart amachita nyimbo yomwe yapangidwa posachedwapa. Ndipo Salieri akudodometsa kwambiri: mungathe bwanji, mutatha kuimba nyimbo zabwino kwambiri, mvetserani malemba olakwika a a violinist omwe amakulira kunyumba, muwapeze iwo oseketsa, osati okhumudwitsa. Kodi iye samadziyamikira iyeyekha, luso lake? Ndipo kachiwiri mutu wa chikhalidwe chokongola cha zowoneka bwino: Salieri akufananitsa bwenzi ndi Mulungu, yemwe sadziwa za umulungu wake. Kumapeto kwa siteji, abwenzi amavomereza kudya masana pamodzi, ndipo masamba a Mozart amachoka.

Powerenga zovutazo "Mozart ndi Salieri", kufotokoza zochitika zotsatila zikuwongolera momwe, ndi zifukwa ziti Salieri akudziwonetsera yekha kufunikira kochepetsera moyo wa mnzake wodalirika. Iye amakhulupirira kuti popanda Mozart, luso lidzapindulitsa pokhapokha kuti olemba adzakhala ndi mwayi wolemba nyimbo chifukwa cha luso lawo lodzichepetsa komanso mosasamala za nthawi yabwino kwambiri. I, powononga Wolfgang, Salieri adzapereka ntchito yofunika kwambiri yopanga luso. Pofika pamapeto pake, Antonio akuganiza kugwiritsa ntchito poizoni ngati mphatso kuchokera kwa yemwe kale anali wokondedwa.

Chithunzi chomalizira chiri mu malo odyera. Mozart akuuza mnzake za mlendo wachilendo, munthu wakuda yemwe wakhala akumutsatira posachedwapa. Ndiye zikufika ku Beaumarchais, mofanana ndi Mozart, munthu wanzeru, wojambula ndi talente yowala, yonyezimira ndi ufulu wathunthu mu ntchito yake. Panali mphekesera kuti Beaumarchais adamupha munthu wina, koma Mozart sakhulupirira. Malinga ndi iye, anthu amodzi ndi okalamba sangathe kukhala limodzi mwa munthu m'modzi. Genius ikhoza kungokhala chinthu chabwino ndi kuwala, chimwemwe, choncho sichikhoza kuchita zoipa padziko lonse lapansi. Amapereka zakumwa zitatu kwa iwo, abale mu Kuwala - Salieri, Beaumarchais ndi ake, Mozart. I. Wolfgang amaona kuti Antonio ndi wokondedwa wake. Ndipo Salieri amuponyera galasi la vinyo ndi vinyo, zakumwa za Mozart, ndikukhulupirira moona mtima kuti pafupi ndi iye mtima uli woona mtima komanso wabwino.

Pamene Mozart ali ndi "Requiem", osadziwa ngakhale kuti, ichi ndi chikumbukiro chake mwiniwake, Salieri akulira. Koma awa si misonzi ya kulapa ndi kupweteka kwa bwenzi - ndi chisangalalo kuti ngongoleyo ikukwaniritsidwa.

Mozart ndi woipa, akuchoka. Ndipo Salieri akuwonetsa: ngati Mozart ali wolondola, ndiye kuti si wongopeka, chifukwa adachita chigawenga. Koma Michelangelo wotchuka, nayenso, akuti adapha chitsanzo chake. Komabe, bwalo lamilandu linadziwika kuti anali luso. Kotero iye, Salieri, akadakali katswiri? Ndipo ngati za Buanarotti zonse zojambula za gulu la opusa, kodi wopanga zosema sanaphe aliyense? Ndiye Salieri - osati katswiri?

Kutha kwa masautso kumatseguka, pambuyo pake, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi Pushkin, "phompho la malo", ndipo aliyense ayenera kudzipangira yekha, yemwe lingaliro lake, Salieri kapena Mozart, kuti adziwe choonadi.