Mbiri ya Turgenev: ndemanga yochepa ponena za moyo wa wolemba

Ndipotu, mbiri ya Turgenev ndi yochepa. Moyo wonse umakhala ndi cholinga chimodzi ndi chikondi chimodzi.

Ubwana ndi kuyamba kwa msewu

Ivan Turgenev. Zolemba za zolemba zaku Russia zimayamba m'banja la mwini nyumba komanso mtsogoleri mu 1818, pa 28 Oktoba. M'zaka za m'ma 1800, eni nyumba komanso mabanja olemekezeka anaganiza zophunzitsa ana awo kunyumba. Kwa aphunzitsi awa, aphunzitsi, ndi makolo anali ophunzira kwambiri ndipo anali ndi ana awo. Vanya Turgenev sizinali zosiyana, ndipo chifukwa chake ali ndi zaka 14 mnyamata yemwe amadziwa zinenero zitatu zakunja angalowe mosavuta ku yunivesite ya Moscow.

Mbiri ya Turgenev ndi yochepa, choncho timasiya pazigawo zofunika. Anamaliza kulemba mlembi wake wa maphunziro mu chilimwe cha 1837, koma kale ku Petersburg ku Faculty of Philosophy, Dipatimenti ya Mabuku. Kusintha kwa yunivesiteyi kunakhudzana ndi kusamutsidwa kwa banja lonse la Turgenevs ku mzinda pa Neva.

Adolescence. Mbiri ya Turgenev (yaifupi)

Chiyambi cha njira yolenga wolembayo ndi sewero la "Wall", lolembedwa mu 1834. Seweroli linasindikizidwa ndi Pulofesa Pletnev, yemwe anali mphunzitsi wa Pushkin, pozindikira kuti anali ndi talente pantchito ya Turgenev wamng'ono.

Atamaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite, kumapeto kwa 1838 mlembiyo anapita ku Germany kuti apitirize maphunziro ake ku yunivesite ya Berlin ku Faculty of Contemporary Philosophy. Atabwerera ku Russia, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, amene mbiri yake yachidule imamufotokozera kuti anali wolemba bwino kwambiri, pomwe kale ali mu 1841-1842 iye ali wokonzeka kupititsa mayeso pa udindo wa pulofesa wa filosofi. Koma panthawiyi zipatala zonse za filosofi m'dzikoli, zogwirizana ndi lamulo la tsar, zatsekedwa. Ndiye mu biography ya Turgenev, titha kuona nthawi yaying'ono yoperekedwa mu Utumiki Wathu. Komabe, podziwa kuti kusintha chilichonse pamoyo wovuta wa anthu osauka sichikulimbana ndi mphamvu zake, amatha kusankha ntchito.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, moyo wonse wa Turgenev umapereka mabuku. Belinsky amamuthandiza kusankha mwanjira ya kulenga. Mogwirizana ndi ndakatulo "Parasha", wodzazidwa ndi zowona. Pambuyo pa yeseso loyambirira, malemba ndi nkhani, zolemba, ndi masewero amatha kubadwa pansi pa cholembera cha wolemba.

Kukonda moyo wonse

Kusintha kwa moyo wa Turgenev kunayamba mu 1843 atatha kukumana ndi Pauline Viardot, woimba wina wa ku France amene anakumana ndi nthawiyi ku Petersburg. Turgenev ali mu chikondi ndipo amatsatira nkhani ya chilakolako chake pang'onopang'ono. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za bizinesi ya Turgenev (yochepa), choncho tifotokoze mwachidule chifukwa chake amachokera kunja. Chikhumbo cha dziko lakwawo chimatayika mu ntchito zake, chitsanzo chabwino - "Mfundo za Hunter". Pambuyo poti Turgenev amamasulidwa "kulembedwa", iye ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi maganizo apamwamba.

Mu 1852 ku Moscow, N.V. Gogol, ndi Turgenev analemba pa izi zokhudzana ndi zovuta. Kufuna kuyesa kuyesa kuletsa bukulo, koma Turgenev amapereka kwa nyuzipepala. Pambuyo pa sitepe imeneyi, boma likuletsa Turgenev kuchoka kwa mwini wake. Panthawiyi m'chigawo cha Orel chigawo cha Turgenev chinalemba ntchito zingapo zomwe zinakhala zowerengeka, kuphatikizapo "Mu-mu". Chiyanjano chikupitirira mpaka m'chaka cha 1856, kenako Turgenev amachokanso ku Ulaya.

Adzabwerera kudziko lakwawo nthawi yina kwa nthawi yochepa, mu 1858. Pano, nkhani zochititsa chidwi "Asya", "Nest Nest", "Abambo ndi Ana" adzawona kuwala.

Pamoyo wake wonse wolemba mabuku wa ku Russia adzathera ndi Pauline Viardot poyamba ku Baden-Baden, kenako ku Paris komwe amwalira ndi khansa ya msana mu 1883, pa August 22. Anagwidwa Turgenev ku St. Petersburg, malinga ndi chifuniro chake.