Kodi ndakatulo yakale iti analemba "Iliad" ndi "Odyssey"?

Funso la wolemba ndakatulo yakale analemba "Iliad" ndi "Odyssey" ali ndi mbiri yakale, chifukwa izi sizomwe zimakhala zolemba zoyambirira za mabuku a Chigiriki chakale, komanso zoyamba m'mabuku a ku Ulaya.

Kodi ndakatulo yakale iti analemba "Iliad" ndi "Odyssey"? Ndani adatha kupanga ntchito zazikuluzikuluzi? Iwo ali
Pokha palinso nthano zambiri zokwanira, kudziyesa kukhala mbiri. Komanso, ntchitozi ndizokulukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukayikira pa kulembedwa kwa munthu yemweyo.

Komabe, yankho lovomerezeka kwambiri ku funsoli: "Ndi ndakatulo yakale iti yomwe inalemba" Iliad "ndi" Odyssey "?" - ndilo lingaliro lakuti wolembayo ndi Homer, yemwe anali wakhungu kuyambira kubadwa.

Ngati tiganiza kuti ntchito ziwirizi zinalembedwa ndi wolemba wina, iye analemba pogwiritsa ntchito zojambula zakale zojambulajambula. Sayansi yamakono yowona mu ntchito izi zikuwonetsera nthawi zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe cha chi Greek.

Iliad ndi "Odyssey" zinalembedwa koyamba mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 6 BC BC. Komabe, nkhani za ndakatulo zinalengedwa ngakhale kale, zaka mazana atatu zisanachitike zolembera, chifukwa ndakatulo za Homeric zikuwonetseratu nthawi zakale za chi Greek. Ndicho chifukwa chake olemba mbiri ndi akatswiri a zinenero nthawi zambiri amatsutsana pa mutu wa wolemba ndakatulo wakale yemwe analemba Iliad ndi Odyssey. Koma mbiriyakale yakale ya Chigriki, kupatula Homer, sichikusiyanitsa ambuye omwe ali apamwamba komanso ozindikira a mawu olembedwa. Chifukwa chake amakhulupirira kuti Homer analemba ndakatulo pambuyo pake. Osakhala mboni za zochitika zakale zomwe adazifotokoza, adawafotokozera pogwiritsa ntchito nthano ndi nthano zomwe zilipo kale.

Ndi ndakatulo yakale yakale yomwe inalemba Iliad? Zotsatira za Trojan War

Cholinga cha ndakatulo ya Homeric "Iliad" chimachokera pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana za Trojan War. Kwa nthawi yaitali Agiriki adagonjetsa nkhondo ku Asia Minor. Koma inali nthawi ya nkhondo ndi Troy yomwe inakhala malo apadera m'mitima ya Agiriki akale. Atatu anayamba kupereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana zolemba.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, zochitika zomwe zafotokozedwa mu ndakatulo za Homer zinkaganiziridwa kukhala zongopeka chabe, zongopeka zongopeka ndi zolemba zomwe zinali zovumbulutsidwa m'mavesi amatsenga omwe analibe p Chifukwa chofunikira.

Homer. "Iliad" ndi "Odyssey"

Zomwe akatswiri ambiri ofufuza zinthu zakale, akatswiri a mbiri yakale komanso akatswiri a sayansi yakale, akhala akuyesetsa kuchita. Pambuyo pa kuyesayesa kambiri, ife tinabwezeretsanso chithunzi cha moyo wa Agiriki akale pa nthawi ya Pre-Homeric ndi Homeric. Komabe, mu ndakatulo za Homer, munthu akhoza kupeza maumboni a chida china chachitsulo, chomwe chinali chosadziwika kwa chikhalidwe cha Mycenaean. Mwachiwonekere, ma Epics a Agiriki akale adayamba pang'onopang'ono, pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika zakale za maola angapo, ndipo potsirizira pake analembedwa mwa kulemba m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu BC. Koma palibe kalembedwe kazinthu zakale zomwe zatifikira ife, sichimakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha anthu, monga Iliad ndi Odyssey.