Wolemba Alexander Vampilov: biography (chithunzi). Kuwerenga kwabukhu

Wolemba masewera olimbitsa mtima, mwachisoni anamaliza njira yapadziko lapansi, Alexander Vampilov sanafalitsidwe mu nthawi yake yonse. Ntchito za wolembazo zinasindikizidwa ndikuzindikiridwa pambuyo pake. Pa moyo wake waufupi Vampilov amamasulidwa ku zidutswa za pensulo, zazikulu komanso zopangidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi, komanso ntchito zochepa zomwe zimachitika. Mitu yomwe inakambidwa ndi Alexander Valentinovich inalimbikitsa oyang'anira masewera ndi ma cinematic kuti awaike pamasitepe. Anatulutsidwa ngakhale opera pogwiritsa ntchito masewera, omwe analembapo anali Alexander Vampilov. Maphunziro okhudza ntchito ya wolembayo amadzadziwika kudzera m'mabwando ambiri, museums mu ulemu wake.

Zaka zaunyamata

Wolemba masewerowa anabadwira m'tawuni yaing'ono m'dera la Irkutsk, tauni ya Kutulik. Banja, limene ana anayi adakula, linali lofala kwambiri. Bambo - mkulu wa sukulu yapafupi, ndi amayi ake, aphunzitsi a masamu, adagwira ntchito kumeneko monga mphunzitsi wamkulu. Kwa banja, chirichonse chinasintha pamene, pa chidzudzulo mu 1937, bambo ake anamangidwa. Monga zinalili panthawiyo, mmodzi wa aphunzitsi "abwino" adalemba chilango kwa mtsogoleri wawo, akuwaimba mlandu wotsutsa Soviet. Zikatero, Alexander Vampilov amayamba moyo wake. Chithunzicho chaperekedwa m'munsimu.

Motero, amayi adasiyidwa okha ndi ana anayi. Achibale anatembenuka ndi mkazi yemwe anayesetsa kuti ana asatayike njala. Ndiye anayamba moyo wake Vampilov Alexander Valentinovich, yemwe mbiri yake idatchedwa "mdani wa anthu."

Pamene anali kuphunzira kusukulu, wolemba mtsogolo anali kudziwika ngati mwana wamba, palibe choposa. Talente inayamba kuwonetsa patapita nthawi. Mwinamwake, izi ndi chifukwa chakuti zaka za ana zinali zolemera kwambiri. Vampilov Alexander Valentinovich, yemwe banja lake linasokonezedwa nthawi zina ndi mkate ndi madzi, sakanatha kuganiza za luso.

Achinyamata

Ntchito ya wolemba imayamba pamene Vampilov alowa mu yunivesite ya Irkutsk ku Faculty History and Philology. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, Alexander Vampilov amayamba kudziyesa polemba nkhani zochepa. Choyamba cha izi chikufalitsidwa m'nyuzipepala ya ophunzira. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono adazindikira utsogoleri wa nyuzipepala ya "Soviet Youth" - kumene mnyamata wayamba kugwira ntchito kuyambira 1961.

Monga mlembi waluso kwambiri, oyang'anira nyuzipepala akutumiza Vampilov ku Moscow kuti apitirize maphunziro a zolemba. Izi zathandiza Alexander Valentinovich patsogolo pa ntchito: tsopano ali mlembi wamkulu. Komabe, patapita zaka zingapo Vampilov adamaliza ntchito yake, kudzipereka yekha kulemba.

Mwamwayi, kuyesa kulumikiza ntchito inayake yopanga masitepe pa siteji sikunapambane. Patapita nthawi, Alexander Valentinovich amachita chidwi ndi BDT Petersburg (kenako Leningrad), ndi masewera ena akuluakulu.

Ntchito, ndi moyo wa banja zinayamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi ... imfa yoopsa.

Imfa yoopsa

Masiku owerengeka okha sanakhalepo mpaka chaka cha 35 cha Alexander Vampilov. Mbiri yachidule ya iye inathetsa nzeru kwambiri. Ataganiza zopuma pa Nyanja ya Baikal, adayenda ndi bwenzi lake m'nyanjayi ndi boti.

Zikachitika kuti ngalawayo, yokakamira kumitengo yokhoma pansi pa madzi, inatembenuzidwa. Mnzanga wa wolemba, Gleb Pakulov, anayamba kupempha thandizo ndipo anapulumutsidwa. Vampilov anaganiza kuti apite kunyanja yekha m'madzi ozizira. Ndipo kotero, atangofika pamtunda, mtima wake sungathe kupirira.

Wolembayo anaikidwa m'manda ndi abwenzi, anzake ndi anthu akunja. Nkhani ziwiri zapadera zokhudzana ndi maliro. Anthu omwe anaona kuti anaona zimenezi ndi amene Alexander Vampilov safuna kuchoka mofulumira kwambiri. Zolemba zake sizinafike mpaka mapeto. Okonza maliro a malirowo anaiwala kubweretsa zingwe, mothandizidwa ndi momwe ziyenera kukhalira bokosi kumanda. Pa zovuta za zomwe zikuchitika abwenzi amayenera kuyang'ana, ndiyeno dikirani mlonda wamanda. Pamene akufufuza - bokosi limodzi ndi thupi la wolembayo linaima pamphepete mwa manda. Awa si mapeto a nkhaniyi. Mwamsanga pamene thupi la wolembayo litayamba kuchepetsedwa, zinapezeka kuti dzenje silinali lozama. Apanso ndinafunika kuyembekezera mpaka atakumbidwa ngati pakufunikira.

Ndizodabwitsa kuti pambuyo pa imfa, chisangalalo chachikulu cha opanga mafilimu ndi ofalitsa ku cholowa, chomwe chinatha kuchoka ku Vampilov Alexander Valentinovich.

Njira yolenga

Kulemba Vampilov akuyamba ngati wophunzira wa zaka zoyamba za maphunziro a mbiri yakale ndi filosofi. Zolemba zoyamba zochepa zimasindikizidwa ndi mabuku a ku yunivesite. Nkhani yokha yofalitsidwa mu nthawi yake ya moyo ikumasulidwa pakadali pano. Awa ndi nkhani zachidule zokha, zolembedwa ponyenga A. A. Sanin.

Atafika kuchokera ku Moscow (komwe Alexander Valentinovich adalemba kuti akhale mlembi), atatha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yambiri ya mlembi wamkulu wa "Soviet Youth", adalemba masewera aang'ono awiri: "Rubles zana mu ndalama zatsopano", "Crow Grove".

Pang'onopang'ono, Vampilov akuzindikira kuti ayenera kuthana ndi chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, amamuuza ntchito yake m'nyuzipepala ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama. Posakhalitsa pali sewero "Yambani mu June", yomwe mlembi amapereka kuti ayambe kuwonetsera ku Moscow masewera. Tsoka ilo, mayesero awa alephera.

Zimathandizira Vampilov mlandu, pamene mwadzidzidzi pa telegraph amakumana ndi wojambula wotchuka Arbuzov, yemwe amavomereza kutenga ndi kuwerenga Alexander play "Kugona mu June". Vampilov amalandira ndemanga zabwino za wotchuka wotchuka, koma zochitika za Moscow sizinawonekepo.

Mu 1969 mpaka 1971 masewero otchuka kwambiri akuwonekera. Adzaika malo owonetsera masewera, koma Moscow ndi Leningrad zatsekedwa ku Vavilov. N'zomvetsa chisoni, koma chidwi cha chidziwitso cha playwright chinayamba posakhalitsa imfa yake, mu 1972. Zimakhala zovuta kunena chifukwa chake masewerawo amachitira chidwi, koma masewera amatengedwa kuti aike BDT, Stanislavsky Theatre. Ngakhale Lenfilm amatha mgwirizano ndi Vavilov kuti alembe zolembazo. Mwamwayi, Alexander Vampilov sanawone zochitika zowoneka bwino mu masewera ake ku Moscow: moyo wake unadulidwa mwachidwi.

"Yambani mu June": mwachidule

Comedy "Kukhala M'mwezi wa June" yolembedwa mu 1965 ndi yofanana ndi mabuku a nthawi imeneyo. Vampilov amasonyeza wopambana, wophunzirayo, muwonongedwe ka zinthu zomwe zakhala zikuwoneka kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Poyamba, Kolesov imasonyeza moyo wa kampaniyo, imayamikiridwa ndi aphunzitsi ndi anzanu akusukulu. Iye ali ndi mfundo, koma amasiyana mosiyana ndi mtundu wina waufulu, monga ophunzira onse.

Chirichonse chimasintha pamene msilikali akugwirizana ndi chikondi cha Tatyana mwana wamkazi.
Pa zifukwa zomveka, mkulu wa bungwe loletsa maubwenzi amenewa, akuopseza Kolesov kuchoka ku yunivesite. Wophunzirayo wataya, chifukwa amamukondadi mtsikanayo, koma amadziwa kuti sangathe kutaya diploma, chifukwa miyezi yochepa yokha isanathe kumasulidwa. Patapita nthawi yaitali, Kolesov amavomereza kuti agwirizane ndi kuponya Tanya.

Kufufuza kwa "Khalani mu June"

Vampilov sanapange khalidwe loipa kuchokera kwa protagonist, amamupatsa mpata woti asinthe ndikumufotokozera kwa owerenga, chifukwa Kolesov sapita patsogolo, akulapa, ndikumverera bwino akutsitsa diploma yake ndikuyesa kubwezera mtsikanayo. Mlembi, pamapeto pake, atsegula tsogolo kwa wowerenga, amapereka chiyembekezo kuti adzakonza.

Sitinganene kuti masewerawa sanena mosapita m'mbali za chiyanjano cha chikondi ndi kusakhulupirika. Ndege yake yapamwamba kwambiri: ndizogwirizana ndi chikumbumtima chako, mfundo zake. Ndipo ndani yemwe angapambane, Vampilov salankhula. Ili ndilo lolembedwa lapadera lonse la Alexander Viktorovich.

"Wamkulu Mwana": mwachidule

Vampilov wakhala akugwira ntchito "Mwana Wakale Kwambiri" kwa nthawi yaitali. Choyamba pali zojambula zovuta, zolembera m'mabuku, kenako mitu ina imasindikizidwa. Baibulo lomaliza linamasulidwa mu 1970, lofalitsidwa mu nyumba yosindikiza "Art".

Busygin, yemwe adanyengerera m'banja, ndiye amene amawapulumutsa onse ku zolakwitsa. Kotero, Nina, mwana wamkazi wa Sarafanov, akuwulula zomwe mkwatiyo akufunikira, Kudimov wamng'ono. Vassenka akuganiza kuti sapita ku taiga. Amapulumutsa Busygin ndi mkulu wa Sarafanov, kumupatsa nkhope ina mwana wina. Zili ngati mpweya wabwino wa banja lino. Zili zophiphiritsira kuti pomalizira anyamatawo amakhala kunyumba popanda Silva, bwenzi la Busygin, ndipo popanda Kudimov. Iwo, mu lingaliro la Vampilov, ali ndi mfundo zazikulu ziwiri zomwe sizili malo mmoyo.

Masewerowa ali ndi mapangidwe a mphete: pamapeto pake Busygin akusowa maphunziro ake madzulo.

Kufufuza kwa ntchito "Mwana Wamwamuna"

Zingawonekere, ndi chiwembu chophweka: Kuchita chinyengo kwa Busygin ndikuyembekeza kugwidwa. Koma amadzibisa yekha mafunso ozama omwe awerenga Alexander Vampilov akuwerenga. Ntchito zake zimasiyanitsidwa ndi matanthawuzo amenewa, omwe amawululidwa kwa wowerenga ngati gawo losawoneka la ayezi. Masewerowa ndi vuto losatha la abambo ndi ana. N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti mawu a mwana wa Sarafanov Vasenki akuti makolo safunikira ana akuluakulu. Vampilov ndi filosofi yokhudza cholinga cha moyo. Kodi Sarafanov ndani? Wotayika, atachotsedwa ntchito, atasiyidwa ndi mkazi wake ndipo posakhalitsa ana. Komabe, sataya mtima, koma amakhulupirira kuti munthu wabwino nthawi zonse amabweretsa chinachake chabwino. Ndipo iye akulondola.

"Kusaka Bakha": mwachidule ndi kusanthula

Tsoka ndi moyo wa anthu a "nyengo". Osakhala ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika, chokhazikitsira maziko, iwo amasambira ndi kutuluka, kuwononga miyoyo yawo. Momwemonso ndi khalidwe lalikulu la sewero la "Duck Hunting" Zilov. Ali muvuto lalikulu lauzimu.

Masewerowa akuyamba ndi mfundo yakuti pafupi ndi chitseko msilikali amapeza mpando wamaliro ndi mawu achisoni mu adilesi yake. Ichi ndi chophiphiritsa, chifukwa Zilov wakhala akufa kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuwonjezera pa seweroli, a Vampilovwa akupereka umboni wosatsutsika.

Wopambana amasonyezedwa kupyolera mwa zosangalatsa, maphwando, mazunzo ndi mabodza.

Mkazi wake Galina amadziwoneka ndi iye osati zinyumba, samaika Vera, mbuye wake, mu chirichonse. Ngakhale abambo ake, omwe amapempha msonkhano, amaponyera Zilov kutsogolo (wokalambayo amamwalira asanakumane ndi mwana wake). Wopambana amasankha kulota za kusaka nyama, zomwe sizingatheke tsiku lina. Chithunzi ichi ndi chowala kwambiri, chikuyimira kusadziŵa kwa khalidwe lalikulu.

Ndizodabwitsa kuti Vampilov anajambula zithunzi za akazi: molongosoka, Galine wofatsa, mkazi wa Zilov, wokhulupirira moyo wake, nthawi zina wamanyazi, Valeria wolemekezeka ndi wophunzira wachinyamata Irina, yemwe ankakonda kwambiri protagonist.

Monga nthawi zonse, wolembayo akusiya funso la kutsitsimutsa khalidwe loyamba lotseguka, mobisa ndikuyembekeza kuti zidzachitika.

"Chilimwe chotsiriza ku Chulimsk": mwachidule

Masewerawa amauza za moyo wa chigawo chakumidzi kumtunda. Valentine wamkulu, Valentine, akukondana ndi wofufuza Shaanov, yemwe samamuyankha nthawi yomweyo. Iye ankakondanso mtsikanayo ndi Pavel, yemwe anabwera kwa makolo ake pa tchuthi. Mnyamatayo akuwonongeka kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza chilichonse chimene akufuna. Valentine monga mkazi amafunikira iye yekha kukhala wokongola kuwonjezera ku mzinda wa nyumba, ngati amene adzatha popanda mavuto.

Popanda kukakamiza mtsikanayo kuti akwatirane mwamtendere, amamuchitira zachiwawa. Atawopsya, akukana kuperekedwa kwa dzanja la Shamanov ndipo akuganiza zokwatira Paska, monga momwe abambo awa akufuna. Koma pomalizira pake amakana amuna onsewo.

Analysis "Chilimwe chotsiriza ku Chulimsk"

Vampilov amaika sewero mafunso ofunika kwambiri: moyo waunyamata kumtunda kwa kunja, zovuta za anthu. Inde, mungatani kuti mukhale ndichinyamata, ngati mukufuna kupita ku Nyumba ya Chikhalidwe yapafupi kwa makilomita angapo, ndipo filimuyo ikuwonetsa magulu omwe mwawawona kale. Ndichifukwa chake mnyamatayo amapulumuka kapena kumwa.

Choyimira kwambiri pamunda wam'mbuyo, womwe umakonzekeretsa Valentine: chirichonse kupatula Shamanov chiyang'ane pa icho ndikumatula, ndipo mtsikanayo atsimikiza kuti ayambiranso. Vampilov akufuna kunena izi kuti makhalidwe a anthu sangasinthe: ena adzawonongedwa ndipo ena adzabwezeretsedwa. Palinso mawu ena olakwika: ulemu wa Valentina wotsutsidwa, woponderezedwa. Ndichophiphiritsira kuti munda wakutsogolo umathandiza kubwezeretsa Shamans. Mwinamwake, pambuyo pa zonse, iye ndi munthu yemwe potsirizira pake adzapulumutse msungwanayo? Monga mu masewera ena a Vampilov, munthu ayenera kungoganiza za izi.

Masewero amodzi

Masewero otchuka kwambiri a Vampilov "Nkhani ndi metrange" ndi "Maminiti makumi awiri ndi mngelo". Zinalembedwa kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake yolemba. Pambuyo pake, masewerawa anaphatikizidwa kukhala makope amodzi a Anecdote Wachigawo.

Ili ndilo dzina labwino kwambiri, chifukwa, popitiriza mwambo wa Pushkin, Vampilov akulemba nkhani zachidule za zochitika zodabwitsa zomwe zinachitikadi. Komabe, wolembayo amabweretsa chinachake chatsopano ku tanthauzo la mawu alemba awa: kutha kwachilendo, kosazolowereka.

Sizodziwika kuti mutuwu umaphatikizapo mawu oti "province". Potero Vampilov adakopa chidwi cha wowerenga ku mavuto a malo okhala kutali ndi moyo wam'mudzi, kumene kuli njira yapadera, malingaliro ndi moyo.

Masewerowa amodzimodzi ndi ofufuza ntchito zovuta kwambiri za wolemba, zomwe zimayambitsa mafunso ofunika kwambiri a makhalidwe abwino: Duck Hunting ndi Summer Summer ku Chulimsk.

Prose ikugwira ntchito

Ochita kafukufuku Vampilov amanena kuti ngati moyo wake sunathe mofulumira kwambiri, Alexander Valentinovich angafune kulemba buku, ndipo mwina ngakhale ochepa. Mageremusi a izi anali oonekera bwino.

Chiwerengerochi chinkalembedwa ndi mlembi wachinyamata, wophunzira wa ku yunivesite ndi wogwira ntchito m'nyuzipepala. Ndiye kuchokera pansi pa cholembera chake amabwera mitundu yonse ya zolemba, ndondomeko, zotsatizana. Komabe, ntchito ziwiri zimatchulidwa nthawi yochuluka ya ntchito ya Vampilov: mu 1965 iye analemba feuilleton "Chinachake cha mbiri", ndipo mu 1966 - "Vitim episode." Kuphatikiza apo, panthawi yomweyi, Alksandr Valentinovich analemba zolemba pa Kutulik.

Mapulogalamu onse a Vampilov amagwirizanitsa maphunziro awo, mavuto omwe angapangidwe mu ntchito zodabwitsa. Pano zithunzi za Shamanov, Yakov Chernykh, Valentina, Pashka, zomwe zinachitika mu "Duck Hunt" ndi "Kugona mu June" zikuwonetsedwa.

Chiwonetsero chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuyanjana kwakukulu, makhalidwe olondola a olembawo. Zingafanane ndi ntchito za Zoshchenko ndi Olesha.

Alexander Vampilov sanadziwitsidwe pomwepo kuchokera kwa omvera ndi owerenga. Chiwerengero cha mabuku ndi machitidwe chinapangidwa pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, kuti maseŵera ake onse akuluakulu adafika pamayendedwe otsogolera masewera, ndipo ambiri omwe adakali kuchitidwa m'mafilimu, akukamba za chikondi chodziwika bwino ndi mutu weniweni wa ntchito.