M'chigawo Orel: mbiri ya chigawo cha Orel

Chifukwa malo ake, komanso cholowa chikhalidwe a m'chigawo Oryol izo ankaona osati pakati, komanso mtima wa Russia. Kupanga mzinda waukulu wa Eagle kuti amagwirizana ndi ulamuliro wa Ivana Groznogo, ndi mapangidwe padziko m'chigawo zinachitika pa ulamuliro wa Catherine Wamkulu.

Kodi chigawo ndi mudzi waukulu, mukhoza kuona m'nkhani imeneyi.

Location

m'chigawo Orel anali mbali ya Russian Ufumu ndipo kenako Soviet Russia. Iwo analipo kuchokera 1796 mpaka 1928. Ankakhala mu gawo Loona za dziko, izo mphepete mwa zigawo izi:

• Kaluga, Tula, Kursk (kumpoto).
• Kursk (South).
• Voronezh (kum'mawa).
• Smolenskaya, Chervigiv (kumadzulo).

m'derali anali oposa makumi asanu makilomita lalikulu, ndipo anthu anafika miliyoni. Mudzi waukulu anali Mphungu.

Mbiri ya dziko lapansi

m'chigawo Orel analengedwa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, koma ngakhale pamaso mayiko amenewa Asilavo moyo. anthu akale ankaona vyatichi. M'zaka khumi, iwo analenga mzinda woyamba kutetezera ankhanza Polovtsy ndi Pechenegs.

Mpaka m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, dziko linali phunziro kwa kuukira ambiri ndi chiwonongeko chifukwa mliri Mongol, ndipo kenako ulamuliro wa Lithuania ndi Poland. Chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri nthawi imeneyi anali Bryansk ukulu, yomwe ili m'mayiko a chigawo m'tsogolo.

Mbiri ya m'chigawo Oryol kugwirizana ndi zikamera wa mzinda wa Orel. The chaka pakuwonekera kwake akuti ndi 1566-TH. Orlowski anapanga County Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, m'chigawo Oryol anali mbali ya chigawo cha Kiev, ndipo kenako a Belgorod, mpaka pamapeto pake munthu kukhala gawo la ndale za ufumuwo.

Mbiri ya kuchigawo

Mu 1778, Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri, inalamula, imene inakhazikitsidwa m'chigawo Orel. Poyamba, unagawidwa zigawo khumi ndi zitatu, ngakhale monsemu, chiwerengero chawo zasintha. Ndale, chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe pakati unali mzinda wa Mphungu.

Pambuyo 1917, m'chigawo lakhalapobe zaka khumi mpaka linathetsedwa. Ndi 1937 iwo unalengedwa Orel dera, lomwe mbali ina ya chigawo zakale. Mudzi waukulu mu dera anapanga anakhala Eagle kachiwiri.

mzinda Mphungu

m'chigawo Orel, zithunzi zimene zikufotokozedwa monga mapu mbiri, wakhala kugwirizana ndi mzinda wofunika. Ife alangidwe mu 1566 (malinga ndi paliponse wa Nikon Chronicle). Panthawi imeneyi, ndi lamulo la Ivan IV m'khutu Eagle anayambitsa linga kuteteza malire a kum'mwera a ufumu.

Kuyambira 1577 izo linaikidwa pa Cossack Sloboda. Tinkakhala Cossacks ake m'tawuni. Ndi kuthetsa anali mpingo matabwa, omwe ankatchedwa Kupemphera.

Mu 1605 mumzinda anatenga Lzhedmitry woyamba ndi asilikali. Ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri anakhala okhala Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry II. Patapita zaka zochepa mzinda wakhala inawonongedwa ndi Zitsulo lotsogoleredwa ndi A. Lisowski. Bwezerani yekha mu 1636, chifukwa inali yofunika kwambiri kuteteza m'mayiko Russian ku Chitata anawazunza.

Pang'onopang'ono, malire a ufumu anacoka kum'mwera. Choncho, kumayambiriro chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu m'ma kulinga ku Orel izo linathetsedwa, pakutayika tanthauzo lake kumbuyo. mzinda anayamba amakhazikika mu malonda tirigu, ndipo anakhala pakati pa chigawo Oryol analenga chomwe pambuyo lidzasinthidwa dziko lake, ndipo masiku ano ndi dera la Russia.

Mukhale mzindawo unakhala m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Pa nthawi iyi, izo anaika owaka miyala, kulenga m'tawuni akatswiri moto chitetezo, anaika wanthambo uthenga, anayamba banki, panali madzi. Padded sitima ndi njira kuphimba Eagle ake ndi maiko a Ukraine, dera Volga, mayiko Baltic ndipo, ndithudi, Moscow. Zimenezi zinkathandiza kuti akhale mayendedwe lalikulu likulu.

m'chigawo lodziwika anthu

Kufotokozera a m'chigawo Oryol sizikanakhala wathunthu popanda kutchula za umunthu kwambiri derali. Pa dziko lili wotchuka ambiri otchuka Russian mabanja achifumu. Orlovschine kugwirizana ndi maina a olemba monga Turgenev I. S., Fet A. A., Prishvin M., Pisarev D. I.

Kugwirizana ndi maonekedwe ambiri olemba, nzeru ena, olemba mbiri pa mayiko amenewa ndi chikhalidwe zokongola, mbadwa wowerengeka chikhalidwe ndi nzeru wamba mwambo.