Kutetezedwa amunamuna wa Kiev (1941), mwachidule

Kumenyana Kiev mu 1941 - ndi zikuluzikulu nkhondo ya Red Army ndi Wehrmacht panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri. Akuti yaitali zisanachitike izi townsmen ankadziwa kuti ntchito ya Kiev analibe pochitika. Ndiye, mwezi kuchokera inayamba maudani, anthu a Kiev anayamba kuchoka nzinda mbaenda ku midzi amene anayenera kusunga okhala ku chiwonongeko. Komabe, tiyenera ananena kuti anthu ambiri anali mu Kiev ndipo anali okonzekera nkhondo pafupi. Anthu olimba mtima a Kiev anapitiriza ntchito, kutchinga ndi kukonzekera nkhondo.

Zimayambitsa nkhondo pafupi Kiev

Pambuyo asilikali German litatenga dera la Smolensk, Hitler anaganiza kuukira pa Kiev kuti posachedwapa adzagonjetsa maiko onse Chiyukireniya. Iye ankafuna mumpanda Ukraine chifukwa madipoziti khala ndi m'gawo lake. Hitler ankakhulupirira kuti zimenezi zithandiza kuti kupereka asilikali German ndi chikondi ndi chakudya kuti athe kupitiriza ntchito asilikali m'dera la Soviet Union.

Pambuyo pa adani a m'mayiko Chiyukireniya zinakonzedwa kuti amuzungulire Moscow, kenako kukwaniritsa kudzipereka kwa Soviet Union.

Kiev chitetezo 1941. Short ya nkhondo

The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ankanena moyo wa nambala yaikulu kwambiri m'nkhaniyi. Palibe angaiwale asilikali Red Army anali kuteteza kwawo kwa adani.

Kumenyana Kiev mu 1941 wakhala zovuta nthawi kwa Red Army ndi nzika. Ngakhale magulu wosiyana, Red Army anayima kuti otsiriza ndi kuchita zinthu wosimidwa, pofuna kupewa asilikali German patsogolo zina. Ambiri mwa mayunitsi Red Army anataya kukhudza ndi lamulo mkulu, komanso mayunitsi oyandikana. Ambiri a iwo anali atazunguliridwa ndi sakanatha kuthawa kwa iyo. Akuti ambiri a asilikali anaphedwa kapena atengedwa ukaidi wa mdani.

zipolopolo kuchepa, chiwerengero cha asilikali, ndi thandizo kwa nzika ya Soviet Army

Kale mu nkhondo yoyamba inali bwino noticeable kuchepa kwa manja ndi zipolopolo. Hitler anakonza kugwila likulu mphezi Komabe, ngakhale ukulu wa mphamvu German manambala, komanso kusowa kwa zipangizo lankhondo la asilikali Red Army kumenyana alimba mtima kulimbana ndi adani. Kutetezedwa amunamuna wa Kiev mu 1941 sizidzaiwalika, chifukwa Red Army asilikali ndi anthu a mzindawo anatuluka pamodzi ndi kumenyana molimba mtima chifukwa likulu.

Kuwonjezera pa mayunitsi asilikali amene ankateteza likulu, mu chitetezo cha Kiev ndi nzika nawo. Oposa 200 000 a Kiev aenda kamenyana kutsogolo mwaufulu. Pa ntchito yomanga mizere kumbuyo owonjezera 160 000 okhala ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, amene asonkhana pamodzi asilikali.

Kiev chitetezo 1941. Chidule cha kuukira likulu

Hitler cholinga chachikulu chinali ntchito ya m'dziko la Donbass ndi Crimea. Choyamba, chitukuko cha madera ena komwe alimi mafakitale kuti anaonetsetsa asilikali ndi kumbuyo chuma. Chachiwiri, kutenga dziko Chiyukireniya kuti anaonetsetsa yoletsedwa pasadakhale wa asilikali German kuti cholinga chachikulu - kwa Moscow.

Pambuyo lophunzira ndi Smolensk lamulo German anaganiza analanda USSR. Hitler ankafuna kuti akagwire Kiev mphezi, koma mtima ndi ufulu kukoma mphamvu ya Red Army sanapereke maloto ake oona.

Kale pa July 11, asilikali a ku Germany anafuna gawanikani n'kuulanda likulu Kiev, koma chitetezo kulimbikira ndi m'mizinda ya Red Army sanapereke ndi kung'anima analanda mzindawo. Pambuyo pake, adani anaganiza kuzilambalala Kiev mbali zonse ndipo July 30 adapitiriza maudani ndi matenda a mzinda.

August 7 Airborne brigade AI Rodimtsev unachitikira counterattack. Zimenezi zinathandiza ziziyenda zinthu, koma kwa kanthawi kochepa. Dziwani kuti zinachitikira paratroopers sanazipeze ndipo iwo analibe zida lolemera. Amphamvu German oyenda iwo akhoza kutsutsa yekha kumenyana mzimu, kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima.

Lamulo Soviet anaganiza mapangidwe magulu atsopano ndi awerengazo kunkhondo. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti kupewa zinthu zoopsa.

Ndi 10 August mdani anali wokhoza kuswa kupyola ku mabusa kum'mwera kumadzulo, koma apa iwo anavutika ndi chododometsa: kulimbikira amunamuna wa 37 Army amakakamizidwa asilikali German kukhala kachiwiri.

Ngakhale kuti ankatsutsidwa zozizwitsa, kupitiriza ukulu wa asilikali German, komanso chitetezo cha Kyiv. July-September 1941 kukhala mzinda yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa onse miyezi itatu mdani anapitiriza kuukira ndi kuswa Red Army.

Kiev wakhala

Chifukwa chakuti asilikali Red Army mosalekeza ndi molimba mtima anakaniza, Hitler anasankha kupandukira kum'mwera 2 munda asilikali ndi 1 thanki gulu, amene anasamukira ku mbali ya Moscow. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti pa nthawi iyi asilikali German anaswa kwa Dnieper Mtsinje kum'mwera. Komabe, kumapeto August, asilikali mdani mtsinje kumpoto kwa Kiev, ndi Chernihiv dera, iwo anagwirizana ndi mayunitsi amene anali patsogolo kuchokera kumpoto.

Ngakhale kuti panali kuopseza chilengedwe, Stalin akadali anaganiza kupitiriza chitetezo cha likulu. Zimenezi zinasonyezedwa pa tsoka la zochitika za m'tsogolo, chifukwa ngati asilikali Soviet anabwerera pambuyo chenjezo woyamba za chilengedwe, miyoyo anthu sakanakhala kwambiri.

Kumenyana Kiev mu 1941 anakumbukira kwa nthawi yaitali. The ungwazi ndi mtima wa asilikali a Red Army sangatithandize gombeli. Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha asilikali German pafupifupi katatu pa Red Army, iwo sanali kumbuyo uko ndipo anapitiriza kuteteza likulu.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali a Soviet

September 9, asilikali German anabwera Kiev ndi anamuzungulira. Ngakhale mfundo yakuti Red Army pang'ono wosweka, iwo ankafuna ofunitsitsa kubooleza.

September 19 asilikali German anakwanitsa mumzindawo, ndipo Kiev grouping la asilikali Soviet anakakamizika abwerere. Lamulo Soviet anapanga pofuna kumasula magulu akupha wa Red Army, koma sizinali bwino. A zambiri asilikali ndi alonda anaphedwa, komanso mdani analandidwa. Kumenyana Kiev mu 1941 anatenga nambala zosaneneka za miyoyo ya wolimba ndi wolimba Red Army asilikali, amene anali wokonzeka kuchita chilichonse yomasulira kwawo. Iwo anapereka miyoyo yawo kuti tikhale pa dziko lawo ndi kulipereka ilo kwa manja la mdani.

Akuti isanafike chitetezo wa Kiev G. K. Zhukov kukauza Stalin kuti magulu Soviet ayenera inasamutsidwa kuchoka pa unakhota wa Dnieper Mtsinje.

Kufa ndi mtima wa Red Army

Wophunzira aliyense ndi wamkulu amadziwa zambiri unatha Kiev chitetezo 1941 Palibe angaiwale nkhondo yoopsayo, kulimba mtima komanso ungwazi wa Red Army. Aliyense adzakumbukira mmene asilikaliwo anamenyera likulu ndi kumbuyo ngati iwo akanakhoza. Palibe msilikali sanali kuganiza za momwe kusiya nkhondo, ndi kupereka likulu m'manja mwa mdani. zochitika zimenezi mpaka kalekale, chifukwa iwo Sangathe kuiwala.

Izo ziyenera kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa Red Army zinandipweteka yaikulu m'dziko lonselo ndipo kwambiri chitukuko winanso wa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. The Nkhondo amati miyoyo ya anthu oposa 700,000. Kuwonjezera pa zomvetsa wautali kwambiri anthu, Soviet Union anataya pafupifupi onse Kumanzere-Bank Ukraine. Chifukwa cha ichi, msewu kwa Donbass, mu Nyanja ya Azov, ndi kum'mawa Ukraine anakhala lotseguka kwa asilikali German.

Kulephera kwa mapulani a Hitler

N'kofunikanso kuti chitetezo cha Kiev mu 1941 kuti asilikali German modzidzimutsa. Nkhondo mzinda analepheretsa zolinga Hitler kwa blitzkrieg ndi adani atangochimwa likulu. Ndi ofunika ponena kuti kupewedwa pasadakhale awo kwa likulu, anathandiza kukonza asilikali Soviet anateteza Moscow. Kwa miyezi 3 magulu Soviet anakwanitsa zolimbitsira zake kuti molimba mtima ndi alimba mtima kusonyeza nkhonya a asilikali German.

Zotsatira za kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali Soviet pa chitetezo cha Kiev

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Red Army anatsogolera chakuti njira yopita ku East Ukraine, Azov ndi Donbass anakhala lotseguka kwa asilikali German. Iwo ayenera kunena zimene anatsogolera mthunzi wa Red Army:

• October 17, asilikali a ku Germany wotanganidwa Donbas.
• October 25 asilikali mdani analanda Kharkov.
• November 2, asilikali a ku Germany anakhoza analanda Crimea ndi Sevastopol chikuletsa.

Lonse kumbukirani chitetezo wa Kiev 1941. 1942 chaka inali yamagazi kwambiri mu Ukraine: chitetezo cha Sevastopol, Kharkov ntchito, etc. N'zovuta kulingalira kuti anapulumuka .. Ankhondo Soviet ndi anthu a dziko pa nthawi.

Poteteza Kiev amatenga miyezo zotheka kuti kumapangitsanso kumenyana imapanga asilikali Soviet. Iwo alimba mtima atetezera malire awo ndi kuganizira Adani. Izo ziyenera kuti zomvetsa anthu zinali zoopsa. Asilikali ambiri Soviet anagwidwa ndi mdani, koma, ngakhale, kulimba mtima kwawo ankadziwa Palibe malire.

Kumenyana Kiev mu 1941 - chochitika kuti sizidzakumbukiridwa kwa nthawi yaitali aliyense. Kulimba mtima ndi ungwazi asilikali Soviet sanadzisiyira osayanjanitsika mwamtheradi aliyense. Iwo magulu ankhondo onse ankayesera kubweza Adani ndi monyadira otvoovyvali Kiev. Kugonjetsedwa amene amadza pa pofuna kukwaniritsa zochita nkhondo ndi Zolinga za lamulo German poyerekezera ndi mizinda ya Ukraine, komanso Moscow.