Kanban - ndichiyani? Mfundo Taphunzira opanga

Kanban - ndichiyani? Kodi chidwi mudziwe lili khadi kanban, ndipo kodi ntchito njira anachita kupanga? M'nkhaniyi tiona mwatsatanetsatane malamulo a kukhazikitsa bwino kanban, ndi kupereka chithunzi choonekera bwino za chiwembu cha mapu zokhudza chitsanzo chapadera. Ndiponso, kupenda zinthu, muphunzira zimene zikufunika kanban bolodi, mu ziti, kuwonjezera kupanga izo m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, ndi amene atha kutumikira ngati zabwino njira kuti izo.

Akamanena za mfundo ndi waukulu mbali ya njira

Today ife tingathe kuona yowala amamuchititsa kuonjezera ndalama za kasungidwe kufufuza, ndilo chifukwa chachikulu mapangidwe maofesi "yomweyo" kasamalidwe, zimene zikugwirizana ndi dongosolo kanban. Mu Japanese, "Kanban" amatanthauza "opatsidwa", "mafano". Mawu amenewa ndi njira kuwadziwitsa, kudzera mwa lopatsidwa chilolezo kapena limasonyeza kupanga kapena Kupha (kulanda) a dongosolo chikoka.

Chimake pano amalola mauthenga kuti athe ntchito Taphunzira kupanga mizere ntchito makadi zambiri zimayambitsa dongosolo yeniyeni kupanga siteji wotsatira ku m'mbuyomo.

Mapulogalamu monga dongosolo zipatso ndi Toyota Motors, anapereka lingaliro la kufotokoza mmene poyesa woyamba kukhazikitsa ntchito njira "pa nthawi". Kanban dongosolo kupanga ikuchitika malinga ndi ulamuliro izi: a mayunitsi ogwira ntchito ndi amaperekedwa mu makamaka kuchuluka kwa chuma ndi nthawi zodziwika nthawi kofunika kuti akwaniritse dongosolo.

Tsatanetsatane kwa ndondomekoyi

Chiwembu anapereka njira yosavuta kwambiri, izo Komabe kumakhudza kothandiza kwambiri pa gulu la ndondomeko kupanga. Pambuyo mwa kundipatsako kwa mayunitsi ntchito za bizinesi ya gwero ndi ulemu, anapanga mawerengedwe mwatsatanetsatane za kuchuluka chofunika ntchito ikuyendera, amene ayenera kulandiridwa mwachindunji ku siteji penultimate (dongosolo chomwecho kwa chotsirizidwa, motero, ndi sitepe yomaliza ndondomeko). Mofananamo, pempho zili sitepe penultimate ndi sitepe kale zoti buku enieni intermediates.

Choncho, lonse kupanga mu dera aumbike malinga ndi zosoŵa za siteji yotsatira kupanga. M'pake kuti pakati pa magawo awiri a ndondomeko kupanga, limene lili pakhomo lotsatira, anaika wachiphamaso kugwirizana mtundu:

1. Ndi N-TH gawo pa N-1 tikukupemphani ( "anakoka") zofunika kuchuluka kwa ntchito ikuyendera.
2. Ndi N-1-TH siteji ya chuma N-TH njira zachilengedwe nkhani za kuchuluka.

Zida zambiri kutengerapo

Kumvetsetsa kanban - chimene icho chiri, ayenera kumvetsa kuti chida cha kusintha deta mu dongosolo ndi makadi wapadera, amene ali m'magulu m'magulu awiri:

1. Zida zimene mwachindunji zokhudzana kuti ulimi. Cha mtundu umenewu makadi mu malo oyamba akusonyeza nambala ya m'madera kuti ayenera kukhala pa siteji wakale ndondomeko kupanga. Iwo amapita ku N-TH siteji ya ulimi wa siteji N-1 ndiponso kukhala chifukwa chachikulu pa chitukuko cha pulogalamu kupanga malo amenewa.
2. Kusankha Zida imfomeshoni monga mmene ankafunika chuma chuma chikhalidwe (pano monga mankhwala theka-kusasanyiwa, zipangizo, zigawo, etc.) kuti tingangouyesa pa siteji wakale msonkhano. Mtundu uwu wa kuchuluka gwero khadi anaonetsa, pa chiphaso N-TH siteji ya ndondomeko kupanga ku N-1 July.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti khadi angakhale kuti zimafala osati poyerekezera zomangamanga ndi ogwira ntchito a mkati, komanso munthambi zake kapena mabungwe amene amathandiza mgwirizano.

Imayenera ntchito kanban - ndichiyani?

Tayiti Ono, pulezidenti wa Toyota Njinga Corporation, zachitika mfundo kwa kuti athe zotsogola kwambiri ntchito kanban:

• Anasintha ntchito mu ulemu wa ntchito mafakitale anabwerera ndi mbali buku, anati khadi, ku ntchito yoyamba ija.
• Kupanga ntchito, omwe ali kutsogolo, malinga ndi chilengedwe cha zidutswa mu kuchuluka ndi ndondomeko imene ili khadi makamaka.
• Palibe mfundo zimenezi kuti akhoza analengedwa opanda khadi. Makonzedwe amenewa limalola kuchepetsa overproduction, komanso kayendedwe kwambiri mankhwala. Choncho, buku la makadi, kukhala mu makope, zofanana ndi chiwerengero pazipita m'matangadza.
• Khadi - lamulo kupanga malonda (chofunika Mulimonsemo amamangiriridwa khadi chogwirizana).
• Mbali ali ndi chilema sangathe umasamutsidwa ku ndondomeko wotsatira. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kutulutsidwa kwa malonda kwambiri chilema ufulu.
• Kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha makadi kumawonjezera tilinazo awo. Choncho pitani mavuto alipo komanso kuchita ulamuliro ogwira pa kulingalira.

Features wa khadi ntchito

Mwamwayi, kasamalidwe Kanban ikuchitika chitsanzo yeniyeni, yomwe ikukhudza ntchito makadi wapadera. Choncho, mu njira ya ntchito zawo mokwanira akuyendera amafuna chitetezo mtheradi ndi aone pazipita dongosolo: kwathunthu inathetsedwa imfa ya makadi, komanso kusanganikirana awo.

Ife apanga njira imene kupatsa pazipita zokolola Kanban dongosolo. Board njira akutumikira monga malo yogwira makadi zosonkhanitsira, monga mobwerezabwereza antchito kuntchito ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, makadi kukhala ndi Mlengi, anayikidwa mu gulu ulamuliro. Ndipo pamene kumene analandira khadi zida kufika m'munda "chiyambi", kuchotsedwa kwa zogwirizana gawo chiwerengero cha makadi wadutsa kuti kukhazikitsa zina za ndondomeko kupanga.

Ubwino wa ntchito njira kanban - ndichiyani?

Mabizinesi kutsatira dongosolo CANBAN ikuchitika kotunga tsiku chuma (ndipo nthawi zambiri angapo pa tsiku). Iwo amalola kuti athe kusintha pa inventories pafupifupi 100-300 nthawi pa chaka. Ngati Tikayerekeza ndi kachitidwe kanban monga MRP kapena mapu, ngati alipo zina zatsopano pafupifupi 10 zina zambiri.

Kodi oyenera njira kanban zitsanzo kuyesa, kuwulula mwayi wake zolamula zina, kupatula zipatso. Choncho, Toyota Motors Corporation pa imodzi mwa madera ambiri a ulimi mu 1976, kupereka chuma katatu patsiku, ndipo mu 1983 - kale pa mphindi khumi.

Kanban kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagulako (makamaka anapanga ziweto izi). Choncho, ogula amatumiza kusankha golosale kanban, lomwe limati, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, ndi golosale akuupereka n'chakuti chiwerengero cha zinthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo atumiza kwa mbali golosale ya katundu kanban kubwezeretsa, kenako katundu amatumiza mankhwala m'sitolo ya.

Zinthu lofunika njira

The zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika kwambiri a dongosolo kanban ali motere:

1. Information zovuta muli mu dongosolo lake makadi, komanso zotchuka kupanga mayendedwe kapena resupply chikhalidwe ndi mapu zamakono lathu.
2. Zovuta kukhala ndi ubale mwachindunji kuti amafuna ulamuliro ndi kasinthasintha mafelemu mwaukadaulo.
3. Zovuta, kulola kugwiritsa chilengedwe (TQM) ndi kusankha ( "Jidoka") ulamuliro mankhwala khalidwe.
4. Zovuta zomwe wozengereza kugwira mayikidwe mtheradi kupanga.

zinthu anapereka ntchito molumikizana, akhoza kukwaniritsa yaifupi kupanga mkombero, mkulu mlingo wa zolowa kakatundu (mu Vol. H. m'matangadza) komanso kuthetsa kapena zotsatira mu ndalama zochepa kusunga onse kupanga ndi kufufuza ndipo, ndithudi, kukwaniritsa wapamwamba mankhwala khalidwe aliyense magawo a ndondomeko kupanga.

Kuipa kwa dongosolo ndi zotsatira zake

Mofanana ndi dongosolo lililonse chitukuko "mu nthawi" wapatsidwa ena downsides. Choyamba, ndi vuto la kukonza kugwirizana waudindo pakati pa magawo a kupanga malonda.

Chachiwiri - chiopsezo kwambiri za kulephera kwa ndondomeko kupanga, motero, ndi malonda mankhwala. Komabe, kupenda mwatsatanetsatane za makhalidwe lonse zokhudza ntchito njira zimenezi anasonyeza kuti dongosolo limachititsa kuchepetsa inventories mu theka, ndi malonda - by 8%, ndi mathamangitsidwe chapadera cha zolowa likulu ntchito ndipo, ndithudi, kuwongolera wa chotsirizidwa.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti ntchito kanban sikuthetsa ndi ndondomeko kupanga. Choncho, dongosolo ntchito mwakhama ofesi ndi ntchito zinthu, mapulogalamu (pali lonse osiyanasiyana chitukuko kanban), komanso kukwaniritsa zotsatira zanu (mtundu patokha kanban).