Ndi eg ntchito iti? Kapangidwe gulu la polojekiti. M'gulu ntchito dongosolo kasamalidwe

Kapangidwe Polojekiti ntchito kudziwa chifukwa komaliza kupeza, komanso yolumikizana ndi chofunika chuma, zochita ntchito ndi zida. Kapangidwe imaperekanso zinthu kuti zigwirizane osati mankhwala kapena zinthu zimene uka chifukwa, komanso okha kwa wina ndi mzake. Mapangidwe polojekiti ayenera kuyamba ndi chakuti kumapeto kwa ntchito. Ndiye pali kusokonezeka yaikulu midadada kuti apitirize kugawanitsa ndi kukula mu ndalama kuti bola sati ankaona mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri mphindi chofunika kupanga. Zimenezi mulinso kukhazikitsidwa osati kugwirizana ofukula komanso yopingasa pakati mphepo, ngati zimenezi n'kofunika.

ndi eg ntchito iti?

Ntchito za gulu lirilonse mu dziko limayamba ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo wamba kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, olimba ali kuti ntchito yobweretsa pasta. Tsopano kasamalidwe, m'madipatimenti apadera, akatswiri ndi zipani zina chidwi kupanga dongosolo, ndipo ndi kapangidwe ka polojekiti chitukuko. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kudziwa kumene kuti zipangizo zopangira ndi kumene khasu lake ku dziko ankafuna. Iwo ali mmagawo awiri. Aliyense angathe zina. Funso la zipangizo zopangira akhoza unagwa mu WOPEREKA zofufuza zanu, ndi mayendedwe kukayezetsa khalidwe. processing a zipangizo, nayenso ali anagawa. Tiyenera kusankha chipinda ntchito kumene mungapeze zida, akatswiri installers ndi kuyamba kupanga mkombero. Imeneyi ndi chitsanzo lophweka, ngati mayunitsi zina adzagawanika mpaka mafunso kukhala. Umu ndi momwe dongosolo lalikulu thandizo ntchito kukwaniritsa zotsatira ankafunila mu timeframe anapatsidwa. Pamene aliyense yoimba adzakhala bwino lomwe maudindo awo komanso zochita kuzindikira chimene chikuchitika lililonse mchitidwe makamaka ndi kuti atembenuke mitima mu mapeto ake, ntchito pazipita kumalo a ntchito chikwaniritsidwa.

kapangidwe yanjinga

Mophweka kwambiri bungwe dongosolo kapangidwe tafotokozazi. Koma ichi ndi chiyambi chabe. Pali chinthu monga kapangidwe chigawo zimene zikugwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya gulu lonse ndi mwachindunji ntchito yeniyeni. Pali zina kampani imene pali kulekana bwino ntchito, maonekedwe, m'zinthu kupanga ndi kufunafuna ntchito. Koma limagwirira wonse ntchito, kasamalidwe choyamba tiyenera kupeza ntchito yabwino, umene udzabweretse phindu. Izi zikuchita ndi kampani chosiyana, amene ali dongosolo yake. Umenewu ndi mtundu wopatulika wa bungwe. Mwachitsanzo, kampani wakhala zotsimikizira katundu zitsulo. Kachitidwe ntchito, koma si bwino kuti kudzakhala kopindulitsa kugulitsa, ndipo kodi mankhwala chingandithandize kufa. Kuchita izi, izo inaitanitsa kafukufuku ena olimba kuti amaphunzira msika ndipo amapereka malangizo ake. Kuchokera pa iwo, limagwirira lonse ntchito kampani woyamba umachokera kugwira ntchito.

Mtundu wapawiri

Izi mtundu chachiwiri, zomwe zingatenge kapangidwe kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti. Amatanthauza kuti kuli makampani awiri, omwe amachita mbali ya ntchito. Kenako, zinthu izi ogwirizana ndi chomaliza mankhwala. N'chimodzimodzinso mwachindunji ntchito mwa kampani imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, motsimikiza kuti chinkhoswe mu chilengedwe masewera a pakompyuta. Mmodzi wa dipatimenti ake ndi udindo kwa chilengedwe cha zithunzi, ndipo chachiwiri - chifukwa storyline lapansi. Only pamene zigawo zonse zakonzeka ndipo m'pamene mzake, padzakhala chotsirizidwa. Childs, zakhala wina dipatimenti wina (kapena kampani) amene amapereka zimachitika pakati pa nyumba osiyana ndi kulamulira zochita zawo.

kuzimvetsa kapangidwe

Chotero eg amakhala ndi kusodza yomweyo kuchuluka kwa mabungwe (kapena malonda), omwe ali m'dera ake a udindo. Pa chitsanzo cha masewera omwewo kompyuta dongosolo lonse ungaoneke motere: pali kalozera kuti watenga kusankha osasunthika pa chiyambi cha chilengedwe mankhwala. Komanso pali magulu angapo, amene aliyense wa iwo ayenera kupereka gawo la mankhwala okwana. Iwo sangakhale mu nyumba ukatswiri, chifukwa cha zinthu zofunikira kuti ganyu thandizo kunja. Anthu Zikatero, akhoza kuchita ntchito nokha kapena kupatsa munthu wina. Kuti ndi maziko a kampani ndi ochepa chabe midadada kapena m'madipatimenti. onse kupanga gulu lachitatu chipani. Koma zotsatira adzakhala ndi antchito a kampani kholo.

kapangidwe zinchito

Pamwamba anauzidwa zambiri za gulu la ntchito za kumalo a ntchito, pamene kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti ndi onse ali pa ubwenzi mwachindunji. Koma zinchito dongosolo, zomwe ndi imodzi kwambiri ambiri ndi otchuka, ndi kale Buku mwachindunji ndi ntchito. Mfundo wonse wa nsana wake m'nthawi ya 20, Maks Veber anakonza. Kuyambira pamenepo, osati zambiri zasintha. Chotero kapangidwe gulu la kasamalidwe ntchito amadziŵika ndi ufumu okhwima ulamuliro, kulekana kwa mphamvu, ndi ntchito za pobereka. Mwakhama ntchito standardization zochita zonse anachita ndi kugwirizana yeniyeni ndondomeko lonse. Palibe adzadziwire ankameteramo ubweya wa membala ndodo ndi ntchito zake, zomwe zikhale zosavuta m'malo mwa munthu wina. Main zinthu zabwino dongosolo lino zitheka kukondoweza specialization, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ntchito ndi kupulumutsiramo ndithu chuma. Pa nthawi yomweyo palinso kwambiri zovuta. Choncho, pali kudzipatula m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana, chiwerengero cha mikangano mu timu, amachepetsa Mwachangu wonse wa kupanga mkombero lonse, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kukhala kulankhulana zovuta pakati m'madipatimenti yopingasa, yomwe inkafuna kupewedwa. Kwenikweni, zonse izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kulephera oyang'anira okalamba. Kapangidwe ka wogwira ntchito yosavuta amafuna osachepera, koma ndi atsogoleri - pazipita. Akuyenera kuchita zinthu pang'ono kupereka mogwirizana bwino kwambiri pakati pa magulu horizontally anakonza.

monga intermediaries

Popeza Maks Veber anali German, n'zosadabwitsa kuti iwo ndi dongosolo otere ntchito bwino. Mu nkhani ya zolimbitsa kwambiri kapena matenda ogwira kasamalidwe mu makampani zoweta funika polumikiza links. Ndipotu, kutsanzira ntchito za mafumu wopanda ufulu kasamalidwe, koma okhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu ulamuliro. Chifukwa cha ntchito ntchito kusokonezeka kapangidwe ali ndi maganizo monga amkhalapakati. Awa ndi anthu apadera (kapena m'madipatimenti lonse) kuti zonse zimene zimachitika pakati pa magulu yopingasa. Potsilizira pake, Sankhani oyang'anira zigawo izi kasamalidwe okalamba zotsatira zake zomalizira pamodzi ndi owayang'anila ndi ntchito imene yafupika kufala kwa malamulo ndi mayendetsedwe ambiri. Ngati adzayese kudutsa mwachindunji mu ntchito ndi kupereka zimachitika pakati pa malamulo a munthu, kawirikawiri zinthu likuipiraipira yekha.

masanjidwewo dongosolo

Izi mawonekedwe lotsatira, lomwe limapezeka chiwerengero cha intermediaries. Chotero Kapangidwe ka polojekiti ntchito amatchedwa masanjidwewo. The vuto lalikulu kuno lagona ndendende chakuti ogwirizanitsa yomweyo kutenga ulamuliro zambiri ndi kufikira Mutu ntchito zake. Ndi zovuta kuti bwino kusiyanitsa, zomwe zingasonyeze mtsogoleri, ndipo - winayo. Pakuti kuphweka, iwo anawagawa kapangidwe ndi atsogoleri zinchito. Zoyambirira dongosolo wamba zimachitika pakati m'madipatimenti. Iwo akuyenera bwino ndipo m'pomveka kusonyeza Kumvetsela lingaliro lonse, komanso kumvetsa peculiarities mayunitsi ntchito. Iwo ayenera kukhazikitsa kugwirizana pakati pa ogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo amawaona zokhumba, zilakolako ndi zokhumba. Komanso, olamulira awa ali ndi udindo vuto lililonse zosayembekezereka ndiponso kusapezeka kwa nkhondo. Ngopambana zinchito, nayenso, kuonetsetsa kupezeka kwa chuma chofunika, kusankha nthawi ndi malo a ntchito, ali ndi udindo amasokoneza chopangidwa, komanso kugwilizana ake ndi zofunika ananena. Anthu amenewa ayenera mwamsanga atengere m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo akumane kwambiri ntchitoyo. Iwo ayenera kupeza njira mwa mavuto ndi kulimbikitsa ulimi wa mankhwala ankanena khalidwe nthawi.

kamangidwe mtundu

nyumba imeneyi ntchito makamaka lipindulitsa pa magulu a makampani, onse amene zochitika womangidwa kwa ntchito limodzi kapena angapo. Pankhaniyi, aliyense wa iwo ali zonse muyenera kugwira ntchito zawo. Mwachitsanzo, pangakhale zingapo mlandu m'madipatimenti, m'madipatimenti chuma, maudindo kamangidwe, ndi zina zotero aliyense ntchito payokha. Onse a mayunitsi, amene sali m'gulu lililonse la magulu opereka chithandizo chapadera, ngakhale ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri. HR dipatimenti akhoza kukhala limodzi ndi kuyankha zopempha ku mabungwe onse. Chotero, mwachitsanzo, mwina ndi ntchito dongosolo ndalama. S chibadidwe udindo wa aliyense wogwira ntchito chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zomalizira, ndi kusintha kwambiri ndi chachilengulengu kulamulira ndi kusowa zochita zodziwika kwa aliyense wantchito. nyumba kungatenge mofulumira kwambiri kupeza kukonzanso, kulabadira zinthu zachilendo ndi kukwaniritsa malamulo mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka.

Kupatukana ndi mbali

Onse m'gulu kapangidwe kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri lalikulu - ndi mechanistic organisticheskie. Zoyambazo imapereka dongosolo zinchito, ndi wachiwiri - masanjidwewo. Project akulowa mwachindunji m'magulu onse, chifukwa kusintha kwambiri. nyumba Mechanistic mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bwino mphamvu umodzi, mosamalitsa zonse ntchito ndi zochita za antchito, ndi zina zotero. Organisticheskie M'malo mwake, ndi losavuta kwambiri, kusintha, ndipo musati zikuonetseratu poyera katundu aliyense wogwira ntchito bwanji ndi chochita. Zosintha onse ali ndi ufulu kulibe. Woyamba ndi yabwino yoti kupanga mankhwala konkire. Mwachitsanzo, galimoto. Pamene aliyense wogwira ntchito kokha kugwira ntchito yake, palibe zimalepheretsa. Koma kuno zambiri ntchito yolenga opindulitsa ntchito dongosolo masanjidwewo, monga nthawi zina ndi "sanali muyezo" zimachitika pakati pa ndodo amapereka zotsatira zabwino pa mtengo wotsikitsitsa.

chilengedwe

The dongosolo ntchito ndi zovuta mu dongosolo zojambula, chifukwa izo zidalira pa iye wotsatira ndondomeko kupanga. N'zosatheka kuyika enieni zolinga koyamba ndikupeza zimene anachita. Choyamba sankhani kwambiri mawonekedwe a dongosolo la. Iwo ayenera zikugwirizana ndi makhalidwe a zimachitika pakati pa magulu onse ntchito, mokhudzana ndi wokhutira, ndipo ntchito bwinobwino mu chimango cha chilengedwe kunja alipo. Kapangidwe kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti nthawi analenga kamodzi kwa nthawi yaitali, choncho ndi bwino kuti nthawi yochuluka pa izo, koma kuti zotsatira yabwino kwambiri kuposa zonse kusintha posachedwapa. Gawo lotsatira - dongosolo malangizo ziriri pano. Kumapeto kupita methodical, gulu, mfundo ndi zina zolembedwa zothandiza gawo lililonse, dipatimenti, kapena gulu la antchito. Kumaphatikizaponso malembedwe aantchito, mafotokozedwe ntchito, kukhalapo kwa amafuna akatswiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mbali chabe ya ntchito bajeti wonse.

Kufalitsidwa kwa malo udindo

Monga tanena kapangidwe gulu la ntchito zachokera udindo Magulu onse ogwira. Mwanzeru apamwamba chidwi wantchito osakwatiwa, aluso kodi ndondomeko yonse. Ayenera Zikuvumbulutsidwa kwa magulu onse a anthu amene amagwira ntchito ndi kufunika kwa ntchito imene iwo ndi yaikulu chifukwa mapeto. Ndithudi, musaiwale za udindo. Ndi bwino kufotokoza mmene zoopsa ndi zotsatira zake zingakhale ngati sanali kugwilizana ndi wantchito wa ntchito zake. Mukhozanso anapereka mphoto ya ntchito lolondola ndi chilango akalakwitsa. aliyense Zonsezi ayenera kudziwa, ndipo iye ayenera kupereka mfundo kukhala zazing'ono ndi mwaukhondo. Mwachitsanzo, kwinakwake mu kufotokoza ntchito ndi yosokoneza olembedwa kuti ngati makaniko Sidorov sizigwira ntchito monga kuyenera, izo adzalangidwa. Ichi ndi inefficient. Ziyenera kukhala bwino kunena kuti mwatsatanetsatane imodzi kuti iye ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti galimoto anapita. Popanda ichi, ntchito adzakhala wagwetsa, ndi kampani adzakhala lobweretsa imfa ya $ 1 miliyoni. vuto A adzakhala mmodzi yekha. Koma ngati makaniko adzapanga item limodzi nthawi yomweyo, adzalandira bonasi kwa theka la malipiro. Onse bwino, kumvetsa komanso paulendowo. Chinaneneratu chilango ndi zolimbikitsa.

mwatsatanetsatane Features

Nthawi zambiri, makamaka pamene ntchito mechanistic ntchito ntchito kusokonezeka dongosolo, tsatanetsatane pazipita chilichonse chofunika. Tiyenera kupitiriza kugawanitsa ndi zinthu bola ngati sipadzakhala mbali asanamve. Nthawi zina, ndondomeko zimenezi zingachitikire ngakhale pamene polojekiti amayamba ntchito yake, bola sikumangotikhudza Mwachangu wonse wa ntchito. Koma pali mabungwe amene yeniyeni kanthu kupenta ndi mwatsatanetsatane pazipita zitha kusokoneza. Kawirikawiri amatanthauza gulu la kulenga. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu tafotokozazi ndi chilengedwe cha masewero a kompyuta. Ngati inu anapereka malangizo omveka bwino kwa antchito onse, mankhwala udzakhazikitsidwa mofulumira ndi mtengo kochepa. Komabe, iwo adzakhala ananyalanyaza mfundo yaikulu kapena ndemanga chanzeru kuchokera kwa ophunzira onse pa ntchitoyi, amene akanatha masewera mediocre kupanga mwaluso woyenera kuwina.

chifukwa

Dongosolo lonse la ntchito limakhudza kuti ndinaganiza choncho bwinobwino ndi molondola mogwirizana ndi panopa kupanga ndondomeko. N'zosatheka ntchito miyezo yunifolomu ndi zitsanzo za mwamtheradi makampani onse popanda yekha. Nthawi zonse muyenera kuganizira kwambiri mbali ndi njira kuti mwina si zoonekeratu kuti antchito ambiri pa chiyambi cha chilengedwe cha polojekiti, koma akhoza kukhala ndi vuto kwambiri pafupi ku mapeto ake. Ndipo chinthu chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira - kamangidwe ntchito ndi sankalimbana nafe atathana chiwembu. Iwo ukhoza ndipo ayenera inakulitsidwa woyengeka ndiponso chimakula. Mwa njira iyi kudzakhala kotheka kukwaniritsa Mwachangu apamwamba mu osachepera kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi chuma ndi chidwi.