Mitsinje ya Donbass. chuma madzi a Donbass

Mu kum'mawa kwa Ukraine pali lalikulu mafakitale dera wotchedwa Donbass. Ndi malo akuluakulu omwe sanali akakhala ndi akakhala zitsulo. Nawa madipoziti waukulu wa malasha. Kapangidwe ka Donbas zikuphatikizapo madera angapo: gawo la Rostov (Russia), zigawo kum'mawa kwa Dnipropetrovsk, Luhansk kum'mwera ndi likulu la Donetsk (Ukraine).

The dera ali ndi wandiweyani dongosolo madzi. Mitsinje ya Donbass mbali yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha iwo, atapereka mzindawu ndi madzi naseama ntchito makampani lolemera. Anthu oposa theka la iwo ndi kutalika zoposa 25 Km. Ndi mitsinje yonse ku dera 110. mitsempha Awa Kalmius (209 km), Mius (258 km), Wolf (323 km), Samara (320 km), Aidar (264 km) ndi ena.

General maonekedwe a mitsinje

Mitsinje ya Donbass - mtundu kumveka. Mu chilimwe ambiri a iwo adzauma. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali madamu. Pafupifupi onse a iwo ochokera ku mitsinje yaing'ono kuti anapanga m'madera madzi mobisa pamwamba. malo atatu pamene magwero a mitsinje tingaone ndi:

• Zomwe zili (kum'mwera otsetsereka).
• Donetsk lokwera.
• Azov zomwe zili.

Anakonza malo oterowo kutalika pafupifupi 300 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja. Mapangidwe otaya malangizo a mpumulo amadza ndi orography. Kukhuta mitsinje ya Donbass makamaka mvula ndi pansi magwero. Popeza makhalidwe nyengo m'derali, mitsempha onse ataphimbidwa ndi ayezi pa yozizira. Mu nyengo kasupe pali madzi. Ndipo m'chilimwe madzi akutsikira zikuchepa. Mitsinje m'chaka oyambirira mapeto a March, ali mfulu kwathunthu ayezi. Kutalika osachepera nthawi amaundana - masiku 6, Max - 153.

Mitsinje ya Donbass si zonse madzi. otaya awo pachaka anagawira omangidwa. Chiwerengero chachikulu m'chaka (kuzungulira 56-60%), m'dzinja ndi m'chilimwe - 30% m'nyengo yozizira - osapitirira 10-14%. Mitsinje kupotoza, asymmetrical chigwa. Mu chapamwamba chigumula kuchuluka 50 mamita ndipo m'lifupi awo pambuyo pake n'kutheka kuti 2 Km.

Pool Nyanja ya Azov

Onse a mitsinje m'maderawa a mabeseni atatu. Anthu amene ali ndi njira kum'mwera, madzi awo mu nyanja ya Azov. Nawa ena mwa iwo:

• mtsempha wamagazi Major Chobwera mu dera Rostov - Mius. Istok ili m'mbali mwa uthunthu Donetsk. Estuary - Miusskaya estuary (Nyanja ya Azov).
• Kalchyk yaing'ono mtsinje. Ndi tributary wa Kalmius. Iwo anachokera pafupi ndi mudzi Kalchinovka (malire Zaporozhye ndi Donetsk m'madera). kukamwa mumzinda wa Mariupol. kutalika njira pafupifupi 90 Km.
• Youma Volnovaha ukuyenda mwa zigawo ziwiri za dera Donetsk. m'litali ndi 48 Km. kukamwa kum'mwera kwa mudzi Olginka. Wasefukira mu yonyowa Volnovakha.
• Kalmius - Donbass lalikulu mtsinje. Istok ili pafupi Yasinovataya, pakamwa - mu Mariupol.

Don dziwe

Pa gawo m'derali kumafunika mitsempha, ndiyo malangizo kumadzulo. Pali 30. Iwo agwere mumtsinje. Don. beseni zake zikuphatikiza Donbas mtsinje:

• Bakhmut - tributary lamanja la m'maderawa Seversky Donets Donetsk mtsinje waukulu. Location gwero - Gorlovka, pakamwa - kuti. Dronovka.
• Nitrius ali kutalika 31 Km. Ndi kumanzere tributary wa Seversky Donets. pakamwa ili m'mudzi wa Prishib. Amaona mtsinje aukhondo mu dera Donetsk.
• Mapeto a boma la - mtsinje waukulu wa Donbass. Kutalika kwa pafupifupi 130 Km. Yambani m'gawo la osiyanasiyana Donetsk kukamwa ili m'mudzi Raygorodok.
• Lugan umayenda mwa malire a m'madera awiri - Luhansk ndi Donetsk. Istok lili Gorlovka, pakamwa - Stanitsa Luganskaya. A kutalika 200 Km.

Dnieper beseni

Mtsinje pa kum'mawa a beseni wa Dnieper. Nawa ena a iwo.

• Ng'ombe - tributary. Samara. njira kutalika - oposa 108 Km. pakamwa ili kutali na mudzi. Petro ndi Paulo Linga. Zimatanthauza dongosolo madzi a m'Nyanja Black.
• Salt - mtsinje ukuyenda mu zigawo Donetsk ndi Zaporizhzhya. Kutalika kwa ang'ono Km 28,6 okha. Izo zimachokera. Volodya kukamwa nawo. Kusaka.
• M'madzi Yaly - mtsinje, chimene njira ali ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 150 kupita. Wasefukira mumtsinje. Wolf. M'lifupi pakati pa mbali ziwiri nthawi zina mamita 50.
• Wolf - mtsinje waukulu chimene chimachokera mu m. Evgenovka (Donetsk lokwera). Wasefukira mumtsinje. Samara, pafupi m'mudzi. Kocherezhko.

Seversky Donets

mtsinje umenewu akuti ndi ofunika kwambiri madzi gwero mu Donbass. Ambiri ntchito makampani, choncho udindo wake zachilengedwe lafika poipa. Malo ambiri zakhudzana zili pafupi mizinda. Dzina la mitsempha ndi zokhudzana p. Don. M'litali zimatengera 7 TH malo mwa mitsinje Chiyukireniya. Ndi mmodzi wa yaikulu tributary ya Don. Channel, anakafika zoposa 1000 Km, umadutsa dera la Russian Federation ndi Ukraine. Istok ili mu dera Belgorod, m'kamwa - m'mudzi Kochetovskaya (Rostov pa-Don).

Seversky Donets mtsinje - mtsinje ndi khalidwe bata. Places sanali sakupezeka. Izo wakudya makamaka chifukwa kusungunuka chisanu. Ananena kusinthasintha nyengo mu madzi. M'lifupi avareji njira ndi 40-60 m, koma m'madera ena mpaka 100 m. Pa mtsinje malo ambiri anamanga. Pansi pa ambiri mchenga, m'goli, pali mathithi ndi akutambasula. Mu Donets zimatengera zoposa zikwi makhwawa, ndi ang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe.

Kalmius

Yaikulu mafakitale dera la Donbass ndi dera Donetsk. Kalmius Mtsinje zimachokera pa otsetsereka kum'mwera kwa lokwera mu Yasinovataya. Iwo ali kutalika pa 200 Km. The mtsinje kama mwa dera Donetsk. Kalmius nemnogovodny. mozama pa avareji zosakwana mamita 2. Pa chiyambi cha otaya akusuntha mu njira kum'mwera easterly. Pa malo, amene administratively limabweretsa Starobeshevo chigawo, izo zikuchitika mu kum'mwera kumadzulo.

Total Kalmius amatenga 13 makhwawa lamanja ndi kumanzere 5. Yaikulu ya iwo:

• Kalchyk.
• Zaminga.
• M'madzi Volnovaha.

kutalika - zoposa 60 Km.

Pa mtsinje pali anayi m'mizinda ikuluikulu: Donetsk (likulu), Yasinovataya (zikuluzikulu f / D msonkhano), Mariupol (yofunika padoko ndi matope achisangalalo), Komsomol. Pambali, pali 13 m'midzi ndi townships. Pa Kalmius anayi mosungiramo anamanga. Ndi zimagwiritsa ntchito ulimi wothirira ndi madzi a m'midzi.

Posachedwapa, boma zachilengedwe a mtsinje ndi osauka kwambiri. Mkati Donetsk izo ndi zofuna za ukhondo. No kusambira mu Kalmius. Komabe, pa gombe anamanga m'mapaki zodabwitsa zambiri komwe mungayende onse chilimwe ndi chisanu.

Bakhmut

Mmodzi wa makhwawa lamanja la Seversky Donets mtsinje ndi Bakhmut. M'litali mwake Inde 88 Km. Ndi tortuous ndithu. M'lifupi avareji ya pafupifupi 10 mamita nemnogovodnaya Mtsinje, kuya - .. M 3 amaundana m'nyengo yozizira. Ice kumatenga mpaka m'ma March. Mlingo pazipita anakonza mtsinje lokha pa chigumula. Pansi ndi matope, kotero chilungamo cha madzi ndi yaing'ono - 50 cm.

Poyambirira, p. Bakhmut anali yodutsira. Panopa Komabe, mwamphamvu osaya. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti ntchito inefficient wa zinthu zake zosowa za mafakitale ndi.

Mius

Mius mtsinje ukuyenda mwa dera la zigawo zitatu: Rostov, Lugansk ndi Donetsk. Kukhala yeniyeni, ndi malire pakati yotsirizira awiri. M'litali - 258 Km. Wasefukira m'nyanja ya Azov, kupanga estuary, limene lili mu Taganrog Bay. Zimatengera zitatu lamanja ndi yemweyo makhwawa kumanzere. Zotchuka Mius kwambiri meandering. M'lifupi pafupifupi pafupifupi 25 m, koma kuchepetsa izo kumawonjezera kwa 45 m. Banks chimapambana wokolopa ndi dambo zomera. Pa mtsinje, mtsinje nawo, nthawi zina m'lifupi wawo akayamba 800 mamita masikono komanso kukhala akuya masentimita 50 ndipo akutambasula -. 6 m.

Wolf

Wolf Mtsinje ndi tributary yaikulu ya Samara. Mtunda kuchokera ku gwero pakamwa pa 323 Km. Pa mtsinje anamangidwira Pavlograd ndi midzi tiwiri. Kumayambiriro kwambiri mwa nyanja ake ali kwambiri inamera mabango. Pali zambiri akutambasula. Pansi makamaka matope, kutsogozedwa maenje ndi kugawanika kotereku kumachitika. Pafupi ndi mzindawo pa gombe ndi omasuka magombe mchenga. Komabe, malo okongola kwambiri pa Wolf ndi malo kudutsa m'nkhalango Dibrovsky.