Mtendere wa St. Anne. Utumiki wa Ufumu wa Russia

The Order ya Saint Anne linakhazikitsidwa m'chaka cha 1735 ndi Duke Karl Friedrich, ndi German mwa kubadwa. Iye mu 1725 anakwatira mwana wa Mfumu Peter Ine, Anna. Poyamba kuti anali amaganiza monga mphoto ndi dynastic, koma m'tsogolo udindo wake wasintha kwambiri.

Duchess Anne osati kale ankakhala ndi banja losangalala, ndipo anafa 1728 atangobadwa kubadwa kwa wolowa katundu tsogolo ufumu. Pambuyo pa imfa ya mkazi wake wokondedwa wa Carl Friedrich anaganiza immortalize kukumbukira posamutsa fano la Duchess ndi chithunzi pa Order chotsatira m'badwo wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu. Pa moyo wa Duke dongosolo lino tinalandira 15 nzika German kuti.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, atsogoleri a Russia anali Kutsekeledwa mwachidule mu mphamvu, kusiya mpandowachifumu kuti mavuto a zachuma awo.

Wolowa Elizabeth II

Olandira m'tsogolo mipando ya Russian ndi Holstein dzina lake Carl-Peter Ulrich. Analandira mpando pambuyo Elizabeth II, amene analibe ana awoawo, lamulo boma waganiza kumanga pa mpando wachifumu wa mphwake, pambuyo mwanayo anali kuwatumiza ku Duchy wa Holstein mu Russia.

udindo State Order

Popeza Order wa St. Anne anali dynastic mphoto, anasamukira ku Russia, Peter III wa, anakhala Grand Mwini Order pa cholowa kwa bambo ake, iye anatenga mphoto pamwamba pa Duchy wa Holstein ndi. Kamodzi 1742 iye yokhala anakwera wachifumu, anaganiza kumanga Order mu udindo wa boma mphoto mu Russia.

Wolowa nyumba yatsopano ku mpando wachifumu

Mbiri ya Russian Ufumu mwachindunji masiku athu kudzazidwa ndi zinthu zoipa, lofunika kwambiri umene unali nkhani imeneyi anasiya chizindikiro kukoma pa mbiri ya makono. Izo zinachitika mu 1762, pamene ulamuliro wa Paulo III, chimene unatha pafupi 6 miyezi, momvetsa chisoni. Izo zinachitika chifukwa cha chiwembu ndi kuloza ku mpando wachifumu, omwe adapanga mkazi wake. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, chisanadze chosintha Russia muli ndi wolowa nyumba yatsopano ku mpando wachifumu - Paulo, amene anabadwa mu 1754.

Catherine II Board

Monga pa nthawi ya imfa ya apano Mfumu Paulo Ine ndachepa kulamulira wachifumu, kulemera lonse ya bolodi apuma pa mapewa a amayi ake omwe anali woyang'aniridwa imfa ya bambo ake. Mbiri ya Russian Ufumu pa nthawi ino afika mphamvu kwambiri kuti chitukuko motsogozedwa ndi Catherine II. Mosakayikira, ndi wotchuka mfumukazi ya nthawi kunja kwa Russia.

Chinsinsi tanthauzo la mphoto

Ngakhale kuti mphoto ya Ufumu Russian ankasiyana kukongola wapadera, Paulo ndinkaona maganizo wamanyazi ndendende mwachibale kwa Order wa St. Anne. chifukwa ndi losavuta mokwanira. Pa imodzi mwa njira Moscow, anakonza mu 1762, Paulo I inali kuperekedwa nthawi yoyamba kukongola kwa Anna Petrovna, mwana wamkazi wa m'deralo aphungu PV Lopuchin.

Iye akusangalala mfumu kuti iye anaumirira kusuntha banja lake lonse St. Petersburg. bambo Belle analandira kuchokera Mfumu mutu wa kalonga ndi Mwambi banja. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Achiheberi lomasuliridwa dzina Anna - "chisomo" - wakhala kunyada kwa Lopukhins banja kalonga.

Kuyambira akuyamba nkhani yaikulu ya Order mu chisanadze chosintha Russia. Malinga ndi zikalata zofunikira a m'banja lachifumu amene anapulumuka masiku ano. Catherine II anakhulupirira mtima woopa mwana wa Order ya masewero oseketsa ana, koma kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, monga mfumu tsogolo anakumana ku phwando ndi Anna Petrovna, iye anayamba kunyamula ndi chinsinsi tanthauzo. Tsopano, Order wa St. Anne anatanthauza kwa iye momwe kuti anayambitsa Order ya Karla Fridriha.

Mapepala okhala ndi Order, analandira udindo boma

Malinga ndi makalata osungidwa pakati Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri ndi mphunzitsi Paulo Ine, ndi wapadera lachifumu lamulo analengedwa, chimene Paulo ndinali ndi woyenera mphoto m'malo ake kuti izi fuko lomveka lirilonse, anasiyana olimba wapadera.

Koma kwa Mfumu wopanduka ameneyu sanali okwanira, ndipo anaganiza mobisa yoopsa mayi, si koyenera Order wa St. Anne mphotho, kulenga makope ambiri ang'onoang'ono mwamwayi mphoto nzika zawo. Amavalira kudalira hilt lupanga lake kuti, ngati n'koyenera, izo zikhoza saona kuwafunsa mafunso ochititsa manyazi, ndipo mu nkhani ya kusiyana zida kuphimba ndi nkhonya.

Kukana wa ukulu German iye

Mu 1773 Catherine II kwathunthu renounces ufulu onse, maudindo ndi maudindo amene anapereka kwa iye nyumba yake Holstein wachifumu. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, dongosolo la digiri 1 simudzapezeka kupereka kwa wolowa ufumu wa ufumu, koma monga Paulo Ine anakhalabe nduna Grand Mwini Order, unakhalabe pa ufulu boma mphotho iwo paokha.

Coronation wa Paulo I

Coronation wa Paulo ndinagwa pansi pa November 12, 1797. Pa tsiku ili, Iye yokhala accedes ufumu, ndi chisanadze chosintha Russia afika ku nkhani yake ya mfumu ina ya malamulo yoyamba ndi pomanga Order ya St .. Anna ku Mulingo wa mphoto boma ndi kugawikana ake mu pati 3 lalikulu. Tsopano buku la dongosolo, omwe anapangidwa mu unyamata Mfumu, analandira udindo malamulo ndi kutengedwera madigiri 3.

Poyamba izo anaganiza kuti olamulira Russia udzakhala kupereka monga mwa dongosolo la alonda yekha. Order ya maonekedwe ndi mwachindunji amadalira mmene iye anali. kukula kwake malinga mlingo ranged kuchokera 3.5 masentimita kwa 5.2 cm.

1. Order wa St. Anne 1 digiri - encrusted ndi diamondi. Kuvala mtundu uwu Order anadalira waukulu kansalu kofiira ndi mikwingwirima chikasu kuti kuwonjezera pamodzi m'mbali. Iwo kupereka iye imodzi ndi nyenyezi siliva. Ndipo nyenyezi anali mungaimitse pa phewa lake lamanja, ndi Order kudzera kumanzere. Pa maziko golide inali nyenyezi zisanu ndi zitatu zisonga pakati pa amene anaikidwa ndi mtanda wofiira. Padziko circumference ake mu makalata Latin ndi Mwambi wa Order Amantibus Justitiam Pietatem Fidem anali linachokera Choncho, kuchokera kulanda Ndizachidziwikire kuti iwo anapatsidwa wokhulupirika ndi anthu achipembedzo.

Red mtundu wa mtanda wakhala akwaniritsa ndi wokutira ndi enamel, atazunguliridwa ndi woonda malire golide. Pakati pa mtanda inali pa fanizo la Duchess Anna White kubwereketsa pa zonse kutalika. Komanso wazunguliridwa ndi malire ndi golide. Kumbali chigamulocho inali Order monogram Duchess kukhazikitsidwa ntchito buluu enamel. Pamwamba fano nkhope ya Anna analenjekeka angelo awiri atagwira manja awo korona wachifumu.

Mu 1829, a oyika diamondi anali yekha mphoto anapatsidwa kwa anthu achilendo, ndipo kuyambira 1874 chinafafanizidwa chifaniziro cha korona wachifumu mkulu wa mlingo woyamba.

2. Ndondomeko ya St. Anne madigiri 2 - wokometsedwa thanthwe kudula galasi. Kunali koyenera kuti azivala m'khosi mwake, popeza yomatidwa riboni yopapatiza. Kwenikweni, iwo amaitcha kuti aliyense payekha, osati kuvomereza mpingo wachikhristu ndi amalonda. Komabe, chithunzi ichi wa Order a Anna m'malo ndi mphungu mitu iwiri. Pa n'zosiyana wa dongosolo anapanga ndi mtundu azure anasonyeza chidule AIPF Mwambi wa Order, omwe cholinga chawo chinali kukumbutsa kupereka, kuti wotchuka anali mwana wa Peter I. The Silver Star si anadalira.

3. Order wa St. Anne 3 digiri - ndi zosinthika ambiri. Kuvala anadalira pa hilt lupanga lake. Ndi yaing'ono bwalo mkati limene enamel mtanda inali mu mphete za nkhani yomweyo, madera onse anapangidwa zofiira kwambiri.

zaka 13 pambuyo kuzindikira ofunda ngati boma mphoto onyamula malamulo anasintha. Tsopano ndinali kulasa kwa Bantu, mtundu wa chimene chinali pomwepo zimenezi zikusonyeza wawo amaitcha kuti asilikali wamba. Malinga ndi lamulo pa 1847 Order madigiri 3, anaganiza mphoto akuluakulu amene atumikira zaka zosachepera 12 pa malo omwewo a osachepera 13 kalasi. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mphoto wakhala adzakhala wodalirika monga mphoto chifukwa cha utumiki yaitali.

4. Dongosolo madigiri St. Anne 4 - chinakhazikitsidwa ndi mwana wa Paulo I - Mfumu Alexander I. digiri Izi kupereka okha akapitawo a asilikali. Order amayenera kuvala pa chida kuti ntchito mu mawonekedwe a asilikali, umene linapereka nkhope.

Pakati pa nzika za Russian Mfumu Alexander I, ndi Order madigiri 4 dzina lake "kiranberi". Chinthu ndi kukula kwake si upambana 2.5 masentimita ndipo zinali ndendende mtundu mofanana mabulosi uwu. Ngati msilikali amene M'mbuyomo kupereka dongosolo la mlingo wa 4, kupereka mphotho apamwamba amayenera kuvala iwo nthawi yomweyo.

Dzina Order madigiri 4 linasinthidwa ndendende patatha chaka chimodzi ulamuliro kusintha akukonza avale Order 3 madigiri. "Pakuti kulimbamtima" tsopano izo zimayenera kuwonjezera kuvomerezedwa kupatula pamwamba bokosi.

Mbiri ya mphoto ya

Kuyambira 1857 mfumu inaika lamulo limene alonda asilikali anapatsidwa osati Order, pamene chifaniziro cha Duchess Anna anali m'malo ndi awiri malupanga anawoloka, komanso tiweramitse zofiira, kotero kuzindikira anthu kamodzinso analandira chitsimikiziro, chifukwa tsopano aliyense amene anaona mphoto zofanana, wotchedwa "Commander wa Order kiranberi" kumbuyo kwake.

Awarding a "kiranberi" Order anapangidwa kwa utasintha cha 1917 , pamene mphoto onse a ufumuwo tsarist anatiika zimafika boma latsopano.

The kuti jeweled malamulo 1 ndi 2 digiri anali kwambiri kusinthidwa, ngakhale kuti sanali bwanji luso ndi awardees wa ochokera m'mayiko akunja.

wamakono wa Order

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX ndipo anasintha ndondomeko ya awarding ndi Order madigiri 3. Kale kuyambira 1847 kuti akhale woyang'anira mphoto ankafunika kunkhondo kapena kapitawo positi si pasanathe zaka 8. Komanso kwambiri ndipo anasintha mawonekedwe a dongosolo la madigiri 3. Kuyambira 1855 2 malupanga anawoloka adaonjezeredwa ku izo.

Mpaka cha m'ma XIX, munthu aliyense chinali mphoto, analandira kuwonjezera phindu zinazake kwa Order. Choncho, kuwonjezera pa mlingo uliwonse wa Order izo zimayenera ndi knighthood, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka mkulu wa awardees ulamuliro zinasintha, kusiya anthu otchuka a mafuko kuti dzina kokha kwa anthu amaitcha dongosolo la mlingo wa 1. Koma ena yekha wolemekezeka mutu, osati kusamukira kuchiyang'anira.

Zikatero, ngati mphoto pa anapatsidwa amalonda kapena anthu amene alibe Chikristu, iwo anakhala nzika aulemu wa Russian Ufumu, anali knighted.

The umunthu odziwika bwino kwambiri, kupereka ndi Order:

• Mkulu General Vasiliy Ivanovich Suvorov - kupereka ndi Elizabeth.
• Generalissimo dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov - Holstein analandira Order wa St. Anne.
• Kutuzov, analandira Order wa St. Anna monga mphoto yake yoyamba mu 1789.

Pano kupambana linapereka

Baji kulankhulana. Anna kapena Anna Zikho, unakhazikitsidwa mu 1796 by Paul 1 ndipo anali golide-yokutidwa Mendulo, lomwe linali likulu la mtanda wofiira. Iwo anali kupereka asilikali, amene mkulu kuposa zaka 20.

Kuwonjezera pa mphoto ankadalira kwambiri ndi malipiro ndalama, kuchuluka kwa zomwe mwachindunji amadalira mtengo ndi udindo adzakhala amaitcha, ndipo akafuna $ 100.

Order 3 kapena 4 popanda uta ndi ndalama anapatsidwa kulimbikitsa sanali analamula akapitawo, utali wa utumiki umene wapanga zaka zoposa 10.

Mphotho ya Ufumu Russian

• Itanitsani Andreya Pervozvannogo - Peter Ine anakhazikitsidwa mu 1698. Adzawalipira pa kulimbamtima kwawo ndi kukhulupirika ku dziko la kwawo ndi Mfumu. Malinga ndi nthano, Peter Wamkulu, amene ulendo wa ku England, anafuna kukhala Mendulo ngati zimene anaona Russia.
• Dongosolo la Kumasuka - anakhazikitsa Peter Wamkulu mu 1713. Pa moyo wa Peter ndinalandira mphoto imeneyi m'manja mwa Mfumu yekha mkazi wake Catherine A .. chochitika A losaiwalika zinachitika November 24, 1714.

M'tsogolo anapatsidwa akazi a otchuka Russian kwa zinthu zothandiza chikhalidwe. Iwo poyamba anali ndi pathupi mphoto khalidwe labwino la mkazi ufumu panthawi ina zinalephereka Prussian imene ikuchitika 1711.

Malinga ndi nthano, pambuyo asilikali Russian anali atazunguliridwa ndi Turkey, Catherine anapereka zodzikongoletsera chiphuphu mkulu Turkey, kotero asilikali anakwanitsa kupanga mtendere ndi kubwerera kwawo. Mboni za mwambo umenewu sanali kutsimikizira kulanda ngale chiphuphu, koma khalidwe abwino pakati Mfumukazi tinaonera ndi asilikali onse. Order anali kalasi 2, yodziwika ndi mosiyanasiyana miyala yamtengo wapatali kokha. Mlingo woyamba encrusted ndi diamondi, ndipo chachiwiri - galasi phiri odulidwa.

• Order Aleksandra Nevskogo - Catherine Ine anayambitsa mu 1725. Analengedwa kuti mphoto yachiwiri akuluakulu a boma. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa mphoto anapangidwa malinga ndi lamulo pa tsiku la ukwati wa Peter ine Catherine I. The mphoto chidatengedwa anthu 18.
• Asilikali Order ya St George - anayambitsa Catherine II mu 1769. Amaitcha kuti asilikali omwe asonyeza mtima makamaka pankhondo ya. Ndinali madigiri anayi a kusiyana.
• Order ya Prince Vladimir - anayambitsa Catherine II mu 1782. Amaitcha kuti antchito ndi akapitawo a m'gulu pakati. chiwerengero cha olandira sukhala. Iwo kupanga madigiri zinayi zosiyanasiyana.
• Order kulankhulana. Anne ndi Chimatisi Cross - anayambitsa Paulo Ine ndi mwana wake Alexander Ine, wodzilemekeza kuti kumangako. Anne 4 madigiri mu 1797. Amaitcha kuti asilikali ndi anthu wamba, mofanana wolemekezeka okha pamaso pa mfumu. Dongosolo la Chimatisi Cross anaonekera pamene anagwira Egypt ndi Malta, Napoleon anapereka mwachindunji kwa Mfumu Paulo Ine kulandira ulemu wa Grand Master wa dongosolo la St. John wa Yerusalemu.
• Dongosolo la White Mphungu, dongosolo la St. Stanislaus ndi dongosolo la Virtuti Militari - linakhazikitsidwa ndi Nicholas I mu 1831. madongosolo awa anali gawo la malamulo Russian pambuyo inalowa wa Russian Poland. Inali kuperekedwa kwa asilikali Polish kwa kulimbamtima nkhondo. Ndipo awarding madongosolo awa akanangokhoza idzachitika mkati mwa zaka zisanu kuchokera tsiku la chimaliziro cha nkhondoyi.
• Order wa Mfumukazi Olga - anayambitsa Nicholas II mu 1913. Amaitcha kuti mkazi kwa kubala yothandiza anthu. Malinga ndi dongosolo la mphoto ikhoza mfumu yekha, kapena munthu amene manja anali wapadera lachifumu dipuloma.

Kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi Ndikufuna kamodzinso kutsindika amathandiza kwambiri wa chisanadze chosintha Russia ndi mafumu akulamulira chilengedwe cha boma ano, mbiri yonse ya mapangidwe ndi ku ulimi wa 1917 agona pa malamulo anapatsidwa mwa umunthu kwambiri za nthawi.