Ntchito yaikulu kwambiri pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, kuphatikizapo mbiri yakale pansi pa dzina lakuti "Verdun nyama grinder", inali chochitika choyamba choyambirira cha zaka za makumi awiri. Nkhondoyi inachitika pakati pa asilikali a Germany ndi a ku France kumadzulo kwa miyezi khumi. Koma, ngakhale kuti ambiri mwa anthu omwe amazunzidwa nawo mbali zonsezi, France wakwanitsa kuteteza ufulu wawo. Tsogolo la dzikoli ndi dera lake linasankhidwa pa nkhondo. Wolemba mbiri wa Chingerezi Alistair Hori analemba za nkhondoyi motere: "Palibe aliyense wa akuluakulu kapena akuluakulu amodzi omwe amakhulupirira kuti adzagonjetsedwa ndi imfa ya magazi. Lingaliro limeneli lingakhoze kuperekedwa kokha ndi nkhanza za Nkhondo Yoyamba Yoyamba, pamene atsogoleri owuma kwambiri amayang'ana miyoyo ya anthu ngati magulu. "
Njira yachijeremani ya 1916
Kupambana kwa zaka zapitazo kunaperekedwa kwa Germany kwambiri. M'kati mwa dzikoli, anthu anali ndi njala, koma asilikali adasokoneza. Zida zinali zochepa, ndipo bungwe la asilikali linadziwitsa ntchito zitatu zomwe zingathetsedwe. Iwo ankakhudza atatu otsutsa amphamvu kwambiri: Russia, Britain ndi France. Ponena za chimphona cha ku Ulaya, adasankha kuthandizira kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Kumene Alexander Gelfand adalandira mwamsanga ruble 1 miliyoni. England anaganiza zopondereza mabomba okwera pansi pamadzi. Ponena za France, adasankha kupeza malo odalirika kwambiri pankhani ya kutumizidwa kwa asilikali ndi kupititsa patsogolo. Webusaitiyi inapezeka ngati mawonekedwe apang'ono pafupi ndi Verdun. Kugonjetsa kwake kunapereka mpata wopita ku Paris ndi kulandidwa kwa asilikali a ku France. Zotsatira zinatsatira chitukuko chomwe chinachitika - nkhondo ya Verdun.
Kukonzekera nkhondo
Pamaso, makilomita 15 kutalika, mbali imodzi, pali magawano awiri a asilikali a France. Potsutsa iwo, Germany inayambitsa magawo asanu ndi limodzi ndi theka la magawo ake ndi pafupifupi mphamvu zonse zankhondo. Motero A German ankayembekeza kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyendera bwino ndipo zotsatira zake zikupitirirabe. Nkhondo ya Verdun inayamba ndi kuti ndege ya ku France inachotsedwa mwamba kotero kuti mabomba a ku Germany angathe kugwira ntchito yawo momasuka komanso mosasinthasintha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kale kumayambiriro kwa kampeni, ntchito imodzi yokonzedweratu idakhazikitsidwa - kuchuluka kwa malo ozungulira. Ofukula moto ku Germany anayesa kulemekeza. Mwa njirayi, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti gulu la French "Newport" linatha kutenga nawo mbali pankhondo zokha mu May. Motero anayamba nkhondo ya Verdun.
Kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo kumadera a Verdun
Monga tawonera kale, "Verdun nyama grinder" idakonzedweratu ndi lamulo la Germany kuyambira pachiyambi. M'maŵa a ku Germany anayamba kukonzekera zida, zomwe zinatenga maola 8, pambuyo pake asilikali a ku Germany adayambitsa chipwirikiti m'madera am'mbuyo - pafupi ndi Meuse River. Koma kumeneko anali kuyembekezera kutsutsa kwa a French. Anthu a ku Germany ankachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azisamalidwe kawombankhanga aziwongolera nkhondo, momwe magulu awo anali kukhazikitsidwa. Pambuyo pake kunali kusuntha ziphuphu ndi ziphuphu, zomwe zinalimbikitsidwa ndi ziwombankhanga za grenade, makina osokoneza makina komanso oponya magetsi. Kotero, "Verdun nyama grinder" pa tsiku loyamba linazindikiritsidwa ndi asilikali a ku Germany omwe amayenda makilomita awiri kupita kumbuyo kwa French ndi kutenga malo awo oyambirira.
February-March 1916
A French sanayembekezere mphepo yoopsa ngati imeneyi. Ndipo atangotha tsiku loyamba adayamba kukweza magulu ena ankhondo ku Verdun. Kuwonjezera apo, iwo anawerengera thandizo la England. Koma Northern Albion ndipo timamenyana ndi kuzizira, ndipo ndithudi sitifulumira kuthandiza othandizira. Ajeremani sanasinthe machenjerero: m'masiku otsatira, kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo, zida zankhondo zinkagwira ntchito, kukonza malo, komanso usiku womwe unali wogwidwa ndi ana. Mphamvu zonse zinatayika ndi French mu masiku 4 okha. Lamulo lachiFrance, ngakhale kuti linali lolimba, linatengera mayendedwe: magalimoto anali nawo magulu ankhondo ochokera m'madera ena a kutsogolo pakati pa asilikali 190,000 ndi matani 25 a katundu. Chifukwa chake, kukhumudwa kwa Germany kunayimitsidwa ndi kuponderezedwa kwa anthu ogwira ntchito (maulendo 1.5). Nkhondo ya Verdun yakhala ikutha msinkhu.
Ntchito ya Narochsky ya ku Russia
Mmene asilikali a ku France analili anathandizidwa ndi ntchito ya ku Russia ya Naroch. Pogwiritsa ntchito mkulu wa dziko la France, Geoffrey, chiŵerengero cha ku Russia chinasintha mofulumira. M'dera lakumidzi la Minsk lamakono ku Belorussia - pafupi ndi Nyanja Naroch - zipolopolo za asilikali a ku Germany zinapitilira masiku awiri. Kenaka pambuyo pa zida zowonongeka zowonongeka, zomwe zidawatsutsidwa ndi asilikali a Germany. Panthawiyi mphamvu zina zowonjezera zidakwera kutsogolo, ndipo anthu a ku Russia adanyansidwa nazo. Koma zotsatira zoyenera zinapezeka - ku Verdun, zigawenga zinatha kwa milungu iwiri, ndipo a ku France adatha kupereka "ntchito zambuyo".
Nkhondoyo inagwera
A French anagwirizanitsa "msewu wopatulika", momwe iwo anapitilira nawo asilikali awo mwamphamvu. Ntchitoyi mwachionekere inachedwa. Ajeremani anasintha machitidwe awo: kuyambira March mliri wawo waukulu wafika ku banki lamanzere la Meuse River. Koma, ngakhale kuti mayiko onse a ku Germany adayesetsa, pofika mwezi wa May adakwera makilomita 6 okha. Mu May, mtsogoleri watsopano, Robert Nivell, adasankhidwa, amene anayesa kupanga bungwe linalake, koma zoyesayesa zonse zowononga Fort Duhamont zinayendetsedwa ndi Ajeremani, ndipo asilikali a ku France adatayidwa ku malo awo akale.
Kusintha kwa Brusilovsky ndikumapeto kwa Verdun
Pa June 7, Ajeremani anagonjetsa Fort Wo ndipo analigwira, napita makilomita 1 kupita ku French. Chokhumudwitsacho chikanatha kupitilizidwa, koma m'chilimwe cha 1916 asilikali achi Russia anadabwitsa asilikali a Germany: Mwadzidzidzi kunayamba ku Lutsk. Zinali zosatheka kuthetsa ziwonongeko. Zotsatira zake, panthawi yonse yachilimwe asilikali a ku Germany adasinthidwa kupita ku Eastern Front, ndipo zochitika ku Verdun zinachepetsedwa. Kuwonjezera apo, mosiyana ndi msonkhano wamasika, asilikali a ku Russia adapeza chipambano chenicheni ndikukhala ku Eastern Galicia ndi Bukovina. Kuwonjezera apo, opaleshoni yotchedwa "Brusilovsky Breakthrough" inali mtundu watsopano wa zonyansa. Asilikali a ku Germany anafooka ndipo adakakamizika kusamukira ku Western Front. Mu Oktoba, gulu lankhondo la France linapititsa patsogolo, ndipo pofika December adabwerera kumalo ake, omwe anali kumayambiriro kwa nkhondoyo. "Verdun nyama grinder" yatha.
Zotsatira ndi zofunikira za nkhondo ya Verdun
Palibe ntchito zamakono komanso zowonongeka "Verdun nyama grinder" mu 1916 sanasankhe: asilikali a ku France adatenga malo awoawo. Koma, ngati tiwerengera imfa, ndiye kuti nkhondo ya Verdun iposa zonse zomwe tikuyembekezera. Mbali zonse ziwiri zinapha asilikali oposa 1 miliyoni, omwe pafupifupi 430,000 anaphedwa. Verdun 1916 anatsegulira nthawi yowononga ya nkhondo za zaka za makumi awiri. Koma zotsatira zinali zidakalipo: ndondomeko yamakono ya Ajeremani inagwa pafupi ndi Verdun. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, akatswiri a mbiri yakale a nkhondo aona kuti kutha kwa nkhondo ya Germany kunatha. Tawonaninso kuti pankhondo ya Verdun idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambirira mankhwala a zipolopolo, mfuti zamakina opangira, flamethrowers ndi mfuti za grenade. Komanso, kwa nthawi yoyamba, gulu la asilikali ndi zoyendetsa galimoto linayesedwa, magulu omenyana anakhazikitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa zipolopolo zinawonjezeka, ndipo ntchito zowonongeka zinagwiritsidwa ntchito.