Raphael ntchito: mndandanda, zithunzi

Rafael Santi, akulu Italy wa zojambulajambula, likutipatsa zojambulajambula, wamanga, wotsatira wa sukulu Umbrian wa zithunzi, anabadwa March 28, 1483 mu Urbino. Mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka eyiti pamene mayi ake anamwalira, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu bambo ake anamwalira. Giovanni Santi anali zojambulajambula, ndi asanamwalire anali kuyambitsa mwana wake ndizosowa kupenta.

Chiyambi cha zilandiridwenso

Ntchito yoyamba Raphael pachibwenzi 1496 chaka, pamene mural anali utoto "Madonna ndi Mwana", lomwe masiku ano lili mu nyumba owonetsera zakale. Mwa ntchito za nthawi oyambirira kuoneka ngati "mbendera Woyera ndi Utatu Woyera" (1499), guwa penti "The Coronation wa St. Nicholas wa Tolentino," lolembedwa kwa Mpingo wa S. Agostino mu mzinda wa Città di Castello. ntchito oyambirira ndi Raphael osiyana kalembedwe njakata, koma ankawoneka ngati chithunzi ali wokhwima ndithu wojambula.

learning

Mu 1501, wa zojambula Santi analowa chiphunzitso cha zojambulajambula wotchuka Petro Perudzhino. Ntchito mu msonkhano wa awathandize bwinobwino mkulu wakhala zothandiza kwambiri Raphael. Kuwonjezera wake pa Perugino nawo ophunzira ambiri. ntchito zonse Raphael kuti nthawi zinalembedwa kalembedwe mphunzitsi. Komabe, Petro Perudzhino analimbikira kuti wophunzira kwambiri mphatso kuzifuna kuti kupeza kupenta unsembe wake.

kalembedwe anu anaonekera pa wojambula achinyamata pambuyo pa mapeto a nthawi yophunzira yomwe mbuye. Mabuku ena a Raphael, zojambula, zina zachidule, zina zachidule, anakhala awathandize bwinobwino Kusiyana chuma ntchito. Pietro anayesa kulimbikitsa bwino mwana wake.

Madongosolo loyamba

Rafael Santi, ntchito yake, luso ndi luso ankagwira mu distilikiti, anamva za izo tithe apamwamba a atsogoleri, ndi zojambulajambula walandira malamulo angapo opindulitsa penti mipingo mu Perugia ndi Città di Castello. Izi zinathandiza kwambiri, monga wojambula wokhala moyo olemera ndi ndalama zofunika.

Mu 1501, ntchito za Raphael Madonna zinali wake woyamba anawonjezera, ndi kupenta "Madonna Solly." Webusayiti kwenikweni anapumira kachipembedzo ulemerero. M'tsogolo, chithunzicho adzalenga Madonnas angapo mu kutanthauzira osiyana. nkhaniyi Adzatsagana ndi zojambula pa moyo wake waufupi.

mpingo lathu

Rafael Santi, ntchito wotchuka amene anali pa sanacokele ku zipembedzo zonama, koma nthawi zambiri anatembenukira kwa nkhani kuli anthu wamba, ndipo anayesera kugwila mu zojambula wake lachidule kuchokera tsiku ndi tsiku. Komabe, pa nthawi phunziro Church kuwameza mmisiri luso, iye anazindikira kuti ntchito luso lake ndi njira yabwino mu makachisi.

Choncho, m'zaka za m'ma 16, iwo zinalengedwa katswiri monga "Coronation" ndi "chitomero cha Mary". Onse zojambula zinalembedwa mu 1504 ndipo ankafuna guwa lansembe. Mu nthawi yomweyo Rafael alenganso "Chithunzi cha Pietro Bembo", "Saint George ndi nkhondo yake ndi chinjoka," "Madonna Conestabile".

Michelangelo ndi ena

Mu December 1504 Rafael Santi amapita ku Florence. Kumeneko anakumana Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Bartolomeo Port. Kalembedwe Michelangelo ndi Da Vinci anauziridwa ndi Raphael ndipo ayamba kuphunzira kalembedwe awo a zojambula, ndi momveka, amapanga makope makombo a zojambula za akatswiri kwambiri. Nsalu da Vinci "Leda tsekwe" Santi rubbings yekha pafupifupi mwathunthu. Ndi chithunzi cha Michelangelo ndi "Mateyu Woyera" amachita chimodzimodzi. Onse mbuye abwino khama la wojambula wamng'ono. Ndipo iye anaganiza kuti andipeze kutali zedi pa luso kupenta ndi Florence amisiri.

malamulo atsopano

Dongosolo loyamba Santi analandira pambuyo kufika kwa amuna aakulu Anolo Doni, kulenga zithunzi za iye ndi mkazi wake. Mu chithunzi ndi chifaniziro cha akazi olemekezeka limasonyeza chikoka cha Leonardo komanso "Mona Lisa." Chithunzi cha chithunzicho amatchedwa "Doni Tondo".

Nditamaliza dongosolo la Signor Agnolo, Rafael akuyamba kulemba guwa zojambula "The Lady ndi chipembere", "muzochitika mu bokosi la", "Madonna Anaikidwa ndi Nicola ku Bari ndi Yohane Mbatizi." kutchuka wojambula ukuwonjezeka, analemba zambiri zithunzi za oyera, pakati pawo "Woyera Ekaterina Aleksandriyskaya" (1507), "Banja Woyera" (1508), "Saint Elizabeth ndi Yohane M'batizi" (1509), "Madonna ndi Joseph beardless" ( 1509).

Nkhani yaikulu mu ntchito za Raphael

Monga Florence, Santee walemba zoposa makumi awiri Madonnas. Ziwembu anali yemweyo: mwina mwanayo m'manja ake, ndipo iye amachita pafupi Ioanna Krestitelya, amene kaŵirikaŵiri akuonetsedwa pa cipangizo. Onse Madonna otchulidwa nsalu zokha ayi ndi chisindikizo pa nkhope ya chisamaliro akuchikazi. Pakati pawo zithunzi za nthawi zapadera: "Madonna del Granduca" (1505), "Madonna Terranuova" (1505), "Madonna pansi pa denga" (1506), "Madonna wa Pinks" (1506), "Madonna wa Goldfinch" ( 1506), "La Belle Jardinière" (1508).

Vatican

Kumapeto kwa 1509 Raphael ku Roma, kumene adzakhala ndi moyo mpaka imfa yake. Mothandizidwa Donato Bramante Santi anakhala bwalo zojambulajambula kwa zogona papa. Anapatsidwa kujambula ndi frescoes ya zipinda zinayi wa nyumba ya otchedwa "siteshoni". Rafael amasankha mfundo zimene zimasonyeza osiyanasiyana aluntha ntchito anthu: nzeru, ndakatulo, zamulungu, ndi jurisprudence. Mwa aliyense wa zipinda za zojambulajambula malo a frescoes malinga ndi dongosolo pakati. Raphael mawu inatchulidwa "Justice", "Mkangano", "Parnassus" ndi "Sukulu ya Athens."

ntchito moyo

Mwalusocho chofunika kwambiri zojambulajambula ndi imatengedwa dziko wotchuka "Sistine Madonna", unakhazikitsidwa mu 1513. Raphael utoto bungwe la Mpingo wa St. Papayu mu tawuni ya Piacenza. Izi amazipanga yofunika kwambiri luso ntchito, sukhala ndi interplay yowawitsa ya mizere, chirichonse subordinated kayendedwe chisawawa wa mtendere wamumtima. Chinsalu ndi lalikulu, koma maso zilipo zinthu zonse zabwino.

"Chipambane Galatea"

A wofuna kuthandiza odziwika ndi zaluso, Italy Augustino Chigi anaitanidwa Raphael frescoes kukongoletsa Villa wake wakunja kwatawuni pa magombe a Tiber. Zokonda anapatsidwa nkhani yomweyo ku nthano ya kalekale. Choncho panali mwaluso, "chipambane Galatea". Pa mural zosonyeza Mneneri ndi Sibyl. pachithunzipa ndi chimodzi cha ntchito yabwino ya chithunzicho.

Madonna

Rafael Santi, amene wotchuka ntchito - ndi motsimikizika "Madonna", utoto mpweya chomwecho. Maria oyera ndi Child, nkhani anamugwiritsa ntchito chithunzicho kawirikawiri. Nthawi zina anawonjezera Ioanna Krestitelya, amene organically zogwirizana ndi chithunzi chachikulu. Total "Madonna" ndi Raphael - oposa makumi zojambula ndi amene ali mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi. Ndi mu zopereka chionetserocho - zojambula yabwino wojambula chachikulu ichi monga Rafael Santi. Ntchito, zomwe zili m'munsimu - ndi Madonna akuonetsedwa zojambulajambula kwa moyo wake wonse lalifupi aphindu.

• "The Sistine Madonna" - (1513-1514), luso zomera ku Dresden.
• "Solly Madonna" (1500-1504), Gemäldegalerie.
• "Diotalevi Madonna" (1504), ndi Bode Museum mu Berlin.
• "Madonna del Granduca" (1504), Florence, Palazzo Pitti.
• "Namwali wa Orleans" (1506), Conde Museum, France.
• "Banja Woyera ndi pachikhatho cha" (1506), National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh.
• "Madonna del Prato" (1506), Art History Museum, Vienna.
• "Madonna wa Goldfinch" (1506), Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
• "La Belle Jardinière" (1507), The Louvre, Paris.
• "Niccolini-Cowper Madonna" (1508), National Gallery wa Art, Washington.
• "Madonna wa Foligno" (1511-1512), Vatican City.
• "Banja Woyera pansi pa mtengo" (1518), ndi Museo del Prado, Madrid.
• "Madonna Chikondi cha Mulungu" (1518), National Museum, Naples.
• "Esterhazy Madonna" (1508), Museum of Wabwino Tirhana, Budapest.

Zonse zina Raphael, amene chithunzi mu mndandanda zoyenera ntchito yake angapezeke mu akaundula ndi akalozera pa luso la kupenta.
Mu nthawi kuchokera 1513 pa zaka 1516 Rafael Santi wakhala kuti wina wa papa, kupanga zina zachidule wa zopeta kwa Sistine Chapel ndi khumi. Zinafika ife kanjedza zokha. Ndiye Rafael pamodzi ndi ana utoto makonde, amene kunyalanyaza m'bwalo la Vatican. Onse makumi asanu ndi awiri frescoes pa mitu yaikulu m'Baibulo chidachitika.

posts latsopano

Mu March 1514 Donato Bramante anafa, ndipo Adadi anapereka tchalitchi cha St. Peter tikukonza pa chiyambi cha Raphael. Patapita chaka chimodzi, chithunzicho amalandira positi Vatican zakale wosagawanika. Mu 1515, a Vatican anapita wotchuka Albrecht Dürer, amene zojambula mochita kugoba anali atalenga kale ndi furore mu dziko. Iye anakomana ndi Rafael, ndipo kuyambira ndi awiri akuyesera kuti kulenga kukhudzana, phindu la Germany ndi Italy ndi pafupi.

pamapeto

Last kufa mankhwala Raphael - ndi "Transformation," zinalembedwa mu zaka 1518-1520. The kumtunda kwa chinsalu analipereka kwa nkhani ya m'Baibulo ya chozizwitsa cha kusandulika kwa Khristu, Yakobo, Petro ndi Yohane. Mu mmunsi pali atumwi ndi mafunde ake mnyamatayo. Rafael sanamalize cithunzithunzi, kuti wawonjezera imfa ya mbuye zojambulajambula Giulio Romano.

Chithunzicho kwambiri anamwalira mu April 1520 pa msinkhu wa zaka 37 ku malungo tizilombo. Iye anaikidwa mu Pantheon.