Kufotokozera za kalembedwe Baroque. Chosema "Apollo ndi Daphne", "The kugwirira wa Proserpina" (Bernini)

Chosema Art chatifika kuchokera mu kuya kwa zaka zambiri. Agiriki Chakale luso Europe anaphunzira pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano makope Roma. Koma gululi ndi akupitirizabe kupita patsogolo. XVII m'ma adamfunsa zina mawu. Choncho panali "chodabwitsa" ndi "kumvetsa" Baroque. Chosema, kupenta, zomangamanga, mabuku - onse anayankha kuitana kwa nthawi.

Origin akuti

The zikamera wa mawu "Baroque" zambiri mikangano. Iwo akufuna kuti Chipwitikizi Baibulo - "ngale", mawonekedwe a lasochera. Adani a m'dera lino kuti "chotheka", "pretentious", monga kalembedwe izi intricately blended mitundu mitundu chakale komanso kutengeka, zotsatira kuzikonzanso kuyatsa.

Zizindikiro za masitayeloŵa

Ulemerero ndi ukulu, nkhambakamwa ndi zenizeni, mukubwadamuka dala, ndipo ena zobwera - ndi Baroque kalembedwe. Chosema - mbali ya izo, lomwe limasonyeza kutsegula kwa fano anthu Pankhondoyi, ndi kuchuluka expressiveness maganizo ndi maganizo a munthuyo. The inatchulidwa m'magulu mofulumira ndi lakuthwa, nkhope zawo molakwika ndi grimace cha ululu, chisoni ndi chisangalalo. Mphamvu ya zithunzi ndi mavuto analenga ntchito Lorentso Bernini. Mothandizidwa ndi mwala akufa, pofotokoza nkhani zoterezi, makamaka mwaluso pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala. Art kuposa m'nthawi yake L. Bernini nthawi yathu ndi wosatsutsika. Chosema kalembedwe Baroque anaukitsidwa kwa inde zodabwitsa msinkhu izi. Anafuna kukhala ngati penti zikomo ndi kusintha mwaluso kuwala ndi mthunzi. ntchito Tingaone kuchokera kumbali zonse, ndipo nthawi iliyonse iwo ali angwiro. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kwathunthu subordinated ndi maganizo luso. Creation Baroque ziboliboli, chosema makamaka, abwera ku kukhudzana ndi chilengedwe, ndi mpweya malo mozungulira icho. Izo zimatsegula Baroque m'chilengedwe, minda ndi m'mapaki, ndi chida chatsopano mu mbiri ya chosema boma.

Kodi wosema

Only inde la Michelangelo anatha kutenga mtanda wa nsangalabwi namdula onse zosafunika kupanga mwaluso. Chinthu chachikulu - ngati ziboliboli anabadwa mu chifanizo cha mutu ndi umene kugwirizana mazunzo kulenga monga chilichonse ndi ndinaganiza yosema ziboliboli amaona pasadakhale zotsatira m'tsogolo, ndiponso mmene amafuna kusuntha kuyandikira abwino ndi kungoganiza. Kuyambira zaka anthu kulenga ntchito. Yotero kuti kalembedwe Baroque. Chosema analengedwa ndi ndondomeko yomweyo. Lorenzo Bernini, monga iye anati, nsangalabwi anagonjetsedwa ngati sera.

Mfundo za atigwira wa Proserpina

Sculptural zikuchokera "The kugwirira wa Proserpina" analamula anyamata aluso ziboliboli Lorenzo Bernini (1621-1622 gg.) Cardinal Stsipion Borgeze. Master anali ndi zaka 23 zokha. Iye anaganiza ngati mmene kufotokoza maganizo onse kuti adanyamuka nthawi ya adani a Proserpine wamng'ono Pluto. N'zosangalatsa zapita unyamata mwana wamkazi wa Demeter, amene frolicked mbaathamangisamo wozungulira kuvina ndi anzake mu meadows ndi nkhalango. Iye ndi mayi ake sanadziwe kuti Zeus wamphamvu anaganiza mkazi wake wolamulira wa kumidima ufumu wa Pluto. Kamodzi pa kuyenda iye ankakonda maluwa. Proserpine anakudzula izo. Inali pa nthawi iyi kuchokera mu nthaka anaonekera pa galeta golide wa Mbuye wa kumwamba wachisoni wa mithunzi ndi akufa Pluto. Only Helios kuchokera kumwamba anaona anamugwira ndi atengedwa ndi dziko lokongola la Mulungu Wamphamvu. Proserpine nayo nthawi yokha kukuwa.

Chosema Lorenzo Bernini

Mphamvu zikuchokera "The kugwirira wa Proserpina" komanso moyenera ndi symmetrical. Wamphamvu Pluto thupi ndi kukongola silikuyenda ndi mosamala kudula minofu ng'ombe, mitsempha kutupa ndi Mitsemphayi ndi kuyamika khola kwambiri miyendo ambiri spaced ndi patsogolo bondo. Chithunzi Proserpine squirms mu manja ake. Ndi dzanja limodzi iye amakankhira kutali mutu Pluto ndi ena pempho thandizo waponya mmwamba. m'chiuno mwake, ndipo thupi lake wamng'ono buthulo ndi amaipidwa ndi mulungu wankhanza. nkhope yake kusonkhana ndi misozi.
Izo zonse - gust mwamwayi. Thupi mtsikana waulemu mwamphamvu ndi modekha akugwira zala wochepa wa Mulungu. matupi awo kupanga khola X woboola pakati zikuchokera. Woyamba amathamanga opendekera ku miyendo mbali ya anachedwa Pluto linapendekeka m'mwamba kwa mutu. The chachiwiri - Proserpina kudzera lamanja mwendo, thupi ndi mutu wa mulungu. Mitembo ya anthu ndiponso Cerberus kuphatikizapo, limene lakonzedwa pofuna kukwaniritsa zikuchokera, kuyang'ana zimathandizadi kwambiri. Kuwaona ku kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino osiyana ndi pansi kuyatsa osiyana, zotsatira analandira kapena yolakwika kapena kutentha pa nkhope zawo. Komanso chidwi ndi kusiyana kwa yosalala, zofewa roundness matupi ndi shaggy tsitsi Cerberus. Izo ndi zosangalatsa akhoza kukhala ndi luso. The chosema amapereka kuganiza kuti iwo zopangwidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Koma izi sizili choncho. Tiyeneranso ananenanso kuti tsitsi pa mutu wake ngati mulungu natengekatengeka ndi mphepo, ndipo amayang'ana zachilengedwe kwambiri. The ntchito "The kugwirira wa Proserpina" ayenera bwalo, anapeza kuti mlingo wa mbali mbuye analengedwa mwaluso ndi mtsikana wonyozeka ndi olimba mtima wofuna Pluto.

The kuti yachiwiri Cardinal Borghese

Chidwi ndi ungwiro wa ntchito ya zosemasema, ndi Cardinal Borghese m'chaka cha 1622 anamuuza kuti njira yotsatira. Amagwiritsidwanso zochokera nthano Greek. Iye ankadziwa ŵakusanga Italy pa "Metamorphoses" wa Ovidi. Mfundo yofunika kuti Apollo, chidwi ndi muvi Cupid, iye anaona nymph wokongola, anayamba kuthamangitsa ake. Apa iye anali amupeza, koma amathawathawa anapempha atate wake, mulungu wa mtsinje, kuti awathandize, ndipo pamaso pa manthawo Apollo lidzasinthidwa mtengo wa paini. Chosema "Apollo ndi Daphne" ndi Bernini amaonetsera ndendende nthawi imene miyendo nymph kuwasandutsa mizu, ndi zala - mu nthambi leafy. Palibe wa ake kupatula chowala chithumwa. Phoebus sanataye chikondi chake. Iye nampsompsona kutumphuka, kubisala thupi la nymph, ndipo pamutu pake atavala nkhata ya nthambi mlombwa. Inde a Bernini anatembenuka ndakatulo linanena. Iye anasonyeza mphamvu ya kuchitapo ndi kusintha. Makamaka Daphne. chovala Chake, akuponya phewa, kwasanduka kutumphuka Dzanja - mu nthambi. Mawu nymphs - ngozi. Mulungu ndi chiyembekezo wopandamalire amayang'ana pa iye ndi sakhulupirira asintha. chosema Izi zikusonyeza chikondi kanthu. Iye ananena kuti kufunafuna zosangalatsa zadziko kungachititse kuti fuwa Komanso kuvulaza munthu wina.

Onse nyimbo tsopano pachionetsero mu Borghese Gallery ku Rome.