Rembrandt ndi Vincent Van Gogh - chachikulu ojambula zithunzi Dutch

Netherlands - Dziko lapadera anapereka kwa dziko oposa khumi ndi amisiri kwambiri. okonza wotchuka, aluso ndi asangalatsi monga luso - apa ndi yaing'ono mndandanda, amene akhoza kudzionetsera boma yaing'ono.

Maluwa a luso la Holland

art Kuzindikira chitukuko lothandiza inatenga yochepa nthawi Holland. Nthawiyi chimakwirira lonse XVII atumwi, koma mmene losafunika deta kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka chimango. Dutch ojambula zithunzi za nthawi asanduka chitsanzo kwa m'badwo wotsatira aluso. Kotero kuti mawu amenewa sanali kumveka zoona, ndi kutchula maina a Rembrandt ndi Hals, Muumbi ndi Ruisdael ofunika, ndi kwanthawizonse analimbitsa udindo wake monga mbuye chosaneneka mafano m'chombocho.

nthumwi yofunika kwambiri Flemish kupenta ndi Jan Vermeer. Amaona kuti khalidwe kwambiri chachinsinsi mu heyday wa kupenta Dutch, monga ankadziwika mu moyo wake, iye anataya chidwi mu umunthu wake zosakwana hafu ya atumwi. About woti mbiri, pang'ono odziwika Vermeer, makamaka luso wotsutsa kufufuza nkhani za iye mwa kuphunzira ntchito zake Komabe, panali zovuta - wojambula pafupifupi sanali pachibwenzi zojambula wake. The lofunika kwambiri mfundo zokongoletsa maganizo akuti ndi ntchito Jan "Chimwana ndi mtsuko wa mkaka" ndi "Bakuman kalata."

No zochepa wotchuka ndi woyenera ulemu ojambula zithunzi anali Hans Memling, Ieronim Boskh, namatetule Jan van Eyck. amisiri onse chimasiyanitsa pamtima zoweta kupenta mtundu wanyimbo, zimaonekera akadali lifes, mitunda ndi zithunzi.

kupenta Dutch wasiya chizindikiro chake pa chitukuko wotsatira wa French luso mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVII ndipo wakhala chitsanzo mitunda ziriri, chadzidzidzi pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Osati mosatsata chidwi wa Dutch ndi Russian ojambula zithunzi realist. Tinganene mosakayika kuti luso Dutch ankachita zinthu ndi woimirira ndi analephera zimaonekera mu ukonde aliyense wojambula kwambiri amene utoto maphunziro achilengedwe.

Rembrandt komanso zotsatira zake

dzina lonse la wojambula - Rembrandt Van Reyn. Iye anabadwa mu wosaiwalika 1606 mu banja mwachilungamo wotukuka masiku amenewo. Monga mwana wachinayi, iye aphunzira bwino. The bambo kufuna kuti mwana wake maphunziro ku yunivesite ndipo anakhala wotchuka kwambiri, koma Iye amayembekezera sizinachitike chifukwa patsogolo otsika mnyamata, ndipo kotero khama sanali pachabe, anakakamizika kupereka njira kwa munthu ndi kuvomereza cholinga chake chofuna kukhala wojambula.

Ambuye Rembrandt anakhala Dutch ojambula zithunzi Jacob van Svanenbyurh ndi Pieter Lastman. Woyamba anali ndi luso m'malo mediocre ndi chithunzi, koma adakwanitsa kupambana ulemu wa umunthu wake, kuyambira nthawi yaitali anakhala mu Italy, kulankhulana ndi kugwira ntchito ndi ojambula zithunzi m'deralo. Rembrandt unali wautali pafupi James ndipo anapita kukafuna mphunzitsi Amsterdam. Pali iye anayamba kuphunzitsa kwa Peter Lastmanu, anakhala wakeyo woona. Iwo anaphunzitsa mnyamata luso chosema, kufika kuti angaone m'nthawi.

Mogwirizana ndi mfiti anapanga ambiri, Rembrandt movutika anatengedwa mawonekedwe ndi wojambula mu 1628. Chifukwa cha zina zachidule lake ataya zinthu aliyense amene anali nazonso, ndi nkhope anthu. Kukambirana zithunzi za ojambula zithunzi Dutch, osati kutchula dzina la Rembrandt, amene ndi zaka wake wamng'ono anatchuka kwambiri talente kwambiri kulalikira. Iye analemba zambiri za kudziletsa zithunzi, zithunzi za atate wake ndi amake, amene tsopano zasungidwa mu tambirimbiri.

Rembrandt mofulumira kupeza kutchuka ku Amsterdam, koma sasiya chikusintha. Mu zaka 30 za m'ma XVII, analenga katswiri wake wotchuka "The kaswili Phunziro", "Chithunzicho Koppenolya". Choona chidwi n'chakuti pamene Rembrandt mkazi wokongola Sachs, ndipo nthawi yachonde zambiri ndi ulemerero kumayambira moyo wake. The Saxon wamng'ono anakhala imasonkhezera chithunzicho ndipo si zopezeka chithunzi chimodzi Komabe, umboni ndi otsutsa, zinthu ake akupezeka mobwerezabwereza zithunzi zina za mbuye.

Iye anafa mu umphawi, popanda kutaya yotengedwa ndi iye pamene ankazindikira moyo. katswiri wake wambiri tambirimbiri onse aakulu mu dziko. Iwo angatchedwe mbuye, amene ntchito ndi kaphatikizidwe onse akale kupenta m'chombocho. Mwaukadaulo, ntchito yake sitinganene kuti abwino, popeza si kuthamangitsa okhulupirika kumanga kamangidwe. Mbali yofunika kwambiri pa luso, ndipo chimapangitsa kuti aime pakati pa sukulu za kupenta anali masewera kuposa kuwala ndi mthunzi.

Vincent Van Gogh - waluntha nugget

Kumva mawu akuti "ojambula zithunzi zazikulu Dutch," anthu ambiri nthawi yomweyo kujambula mutu wanga chifanizo cha Vincent Van Gogh, N'zoonekeratu okongola ndi yowutsa mudyo zithunzi wake, omwe anayamikira kufikira imfa yake.

Munthu uyu angatchedwe wapadera mu umunthu wake mokoma mtima ndiponso wanzeru. Monga mwana wa m'busa, galimoto Gogh, ngati m'bale wake, anapita ku mapazi bambo ake. Vincent ankaphunzira za umulungu ndipo anali ngakhale mlaliki m'tauni Belgium wa Borinage. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake wothandizila ntchito ndipo zosiyanasiyana kuyenda. Komabe, utumiki wa parishi ndi kukhudzana pafupi ndi Anthuwa nitty-gritty nakhalanso ndi achinyamata geniuses mkati tanthauzo la chilungamo. Daily akuganizira moyo wa kumunda ndi anthu ntchito, Vincent anali ouziridwa amene anayamba kudzatunga.

ojambula zithunzi Dutch ankadziwika kwambiri chifukwa zithunzi wake ndi okongola. Ndinali nazonso ndi Vincent Van Gogh. Kuti thirtieth ake chitaya zonse ndipo akuyamba kuchita mwakhama kupenta. nthawi anaona kulengedwa kwa wake ntchito wotchuka "Mbatata okudya", "m'mphawi Woman". ntchito zake zonse zinapatsira ndi likuchemerera chisoni anthu wamba, amene kudyetsa dziko lonse, koma n'kondivuta mabanja awo chakudya.

Vincent patapita nthawi anamutumiza Paris, ndi cholinga cha ntchito yake ndi yosiyana. Pali wotanganidwa ndi latsopano mitu kwa chifundo. Zochepa moyo ndi ukwati hule, ndipo ananyezimiritsa pa luso lake, lomwe ndi bwino kuonekera filimu "Night Cafe", "Yendani akaidi."

Ubwenzi ndi Gauguin

Kuyambira mu 1886, galimoto Gogh anakhala ndi chidwi kuphunzira Impressionist Plein kupenta mpweya ndi kusonyeza chidwi zipsera Japanese. Izo zinali mphindi ntchito ziboliboli amaona makhalidwe Gauguin ndi Toulouse-Lautrec. Izi makamaka zimaonekera mu mtundu kusintha maganizo kulanda. Ntchito kuyamba yakulamulira swabs zimalimbikitsa chikasu ndi buluu "Sheen". The zina zachidule yoyamba mitundu khalidwe anali "Bridge pa khoka" ndi "Chithunzi cha Pere Tanguy." kukopa chidwi Last ndi kuwala kwake ndi zikwapu molimba mtima.

Ubwenzi Gauguin ndi Van Gogh ankavala malumikizanidwe: iwo matanthauzo mukopedwe ntchito za wina, ngakhale ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana limaonetseratu, mphatso mwachangu anasinthanitsa mu mawonekedwe a zojambula zake ndi mwakhama kukangana. Kusiyana zilembo, ndi chosadziwika udindo wa Vincent, amene ankakhulupirira kuti brushwork ake "Rural bestial", wafunsira kutsutsana. Munjira ina Gauguin anali pansi munthu, osati, paulendo Gogh. Chilakolako mu ubale wawo zionetsero kuti tsiku lina iwo anakangana pa malo omwera awo ankakonda ndi Vincent anaponya galasi absinthe Gauguin a. Tasiya sinathe pa ichi, ndipo tsiku lotsatira, kenako mndandanda wautali wa atamunamizira motsogozedwa Gauguin, amene, monga Van Gogh, ye- onse machimo oopsa. Zinali kumapeto kwa nkhani ya munthu wa ku Netherlands anali okwiya ndi maganizo kuti asakhalenso chidutswa khutu lake, lomwe iye anamukomera mtima monga mphatso hule.

ojambula zithunzi Dutch, kaya zaka za moyo wawo, mobwerezabwereza anasonyeza kalembedwe wake wapamwamba kuposa aliyense anthu kupirira munthawi ya moyo pa chinsalu cha. Koma mwina aliyense mu dziko sangakhale woyenera mutu wa namatetule, popanda yokhala ndi maganizo pang'ono luso la zojambula, kumanga zikuchokera ndi njira kufala luso. Vincent Van Gogh ndi wapadera mphatso zachilengedwe, limene anakwanitsa kukwaniritsa zikomo lonse kuzindikira kuti khama lake, momveka maganizo ndi ludzu kwambiri kwa moyo.