Zithunzi - ndi chiyani ichi? Tanthauzo la "zithunzi". zitsanzo

Kuti timvetse tanthauzo la "zithunzi", kumbukirani kuyamba ndi kuyamba, kuti mawu amenewa anaitenga ndi ife ku French. Mawu French "chithunzi" (image, zimasonyeza) nkhani ya munthu zikutanthauza anthu enieni kapena magulu mwa mabuku kapena zaluso chabwino. Izi, pamodzi ndi kunja kufanana chithunzi ali koma analanda dziko lauzimu la munthu.

ndi zithunzi zomwe

Mu chikhalidwe chathu, zithunzi - osiyana mtundu wa luso. Malinga ndi zimene kukula ayenera kukhala chithunzi, chithunzi kungakhale kukula, kuti ndi munthu mu izo amasonyezera pa msinkhu wathunthu, kugwira, m'chiuno kapena mibadwo. zithunzi zosiyana ndi kaimidwe ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi chithunzi anthu. Pali zithunzi za utumiki wa nkhope pamene nkhope anatembenuka mwachindunji wowerenga ndi; Firii kotala - ndi mutu ndi chithunzi zinatumizidwa pang'ono kumanja kapena kumanzere; ndipo, ndithudi, mbiri chithunzi.

Ndipo pali otchedwa zithunzi ofunda, omwe kawirikawiri ankaimira anthu ndi wapamwamba zovala zawo yokhala ndi wapadera kuika kapena zithunzi, zimene mungathe kuona anthu bwino malo awo kunyumba kapena ntchito. Graphic chithunzi kukopedwa ndi amisiri mapensulo, makala, sanguine, pastel. A chithunzi tableau analembedwa mafuta pa nsalu kapena utoto ena (watercolor, gouache, tempera, akiliriki utoto) pa pepala kapena makatoni.

Palinso kudziletsa zithunzi, zithunzi, komanso zithunzi zolembalemba. Pa iwo ayankhidwa payokha.

Wotchuka Russian chithunzi zojambulajambula

Aliyense wojambula luso tingamuyandikire mosiyanasiyana ndi nkhope ya anthu, ndipo makamaka kuti athe kupereka bwino chithunzi. Mwachitsanzo, lalikulu malo zojambula Levitan analibe ndalama portraitist. Iye nthawizonse anasolola chikhalidwe yekha. Koma ojambula zithunzi Russian ngati I. E. Repin ndi V. A. Serov, anali ndi mphatso lonse, zimawathandiza kulemba momasuka komanso chikhalidwe.

Wotchuka Repin ndi zithunzi - ndi "Chithunzi cha Chaliapin" chithunzi "dzuwa" (chimene chimafotokoza Nadezhda Ilinichna Repina), "Yophukira maluwa", "Tombolombo" (kumene zojambulajambula zinasonyeza fano la mwana wake) ndi ntchito zina zambiri wojambula lalikulu. Zaluso Russian pali zikutipatsa zitsanzo za portraiture. chithunzi mtundu wanyimbo mu ntchito IP Argunov, D. G. Levitsky, F. S. Rokotov, VL Borovikovsky, K. Bryullov ndi amisiri ena.

Self-zithunzi

Self-zithunzi - ndi mtundu wanyimbo luso chabwino kuliganizira wapadera. Izi zithunzi - chithunzi mwa chithunzicho yekha, momwe iye amaona yekha monga ngati kuchokera kunja. Osati aliyense ndi mphamvu yakulikoka anasonyeza mwachilungamo zoona. Zamaganizo amanena kuti anthu amakonda kuona chithunzi chawo pa galasi pang'ono mosiyana, osati ngati ozungulira. Koma namatetule akhoza kuyang'ana pa nokha bwinobwino. Ena ojambula zithunzi wotchuka zonse utoto zithunzi zawo. Mwachitsanzo, impressionist zojambulajambula Vah Gogh. Kuti anapulumuka 35 cha kudzikonda kwake zithunzi, zojambulidwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana m'moyo wake.

umboni wina kwa gawo la fano palokha - Albrecht Dürer (50 zithunzi). Koma yolamula kutsogolera chiwerengero cha zithunzi kudzikonda wa chachikulu Flemish Rembrandt. Pali ambiri momwe 90 zojambula, zomwe fano lake alipo, olembedwa yekha. Self-zithunzi analembanso Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, Dürer ndi Gauguin. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ena otsutsa ngakhale wokonda kukhulupirira kuti wotchuka "Mona Lisa" - palibe kanthu ngati Zaphimbidwa kudziona chithunzi cha da Vinci. Baibulo limeneli ngakhale maganizo, koma ndithu chidwi kwambiri.

zithunzi zolembalemba

chidwi kwambiri zolembalemba zithunzi. The chithunzi chokongola ngakhale wojambula kwambiri luso sangathe anasonyeza makhalidwe onse a khalidwe la munthu, makhalidwe ake, ndi zina zotero. D. Koma m'buku chithunzi angathe kupirira ntchito imeneyi. Chifukwa cha zithunzi kwambiri mabuku a anthu amene analengedwa ndi olemba pambuyo mosamala magwero ndi nkhani anafikapo zinachitika kale, tadziwa tsopano akuimira zing'onozing'ono mbali zithunzi L. N. Tolstogo, A. S. Pushkina, N. V. Gogolya ndi ena ambiri olemba kwambiri, ojambula zithunzi ndi zithunzi mbiri.

Nthawi zambiri mwatsatanetsatane zithunzi zolembalemba amafotokozedwa Maulendo luso. Munthu pa masamba a nkhani zokhudza moyo wake, za nthawi m'mbiri chomwe anali nacho, ndipo nthawi zonse amanena za anthu amene ali pafupi, za nkhani zimene zimawachitikira. Chitsanzo cha mtundu wanyimbo zingakhale buku T. A. Kuzminskoy "moyo wanga pa Yasnaya Polyana", imene ikutiuza osati nkhani ya moyo wake, komanso mwaluso limafotokoza nkhani ya moyo wa Leo Tolstoy ndi banja lake.

Chithunzicho Photography

Ndipo, potsiriza, ife tiri ndi zithunzi za. Cha m'ma 30 ntchentche za m'ma XIX. France Louis Daguerre anatulukira kujambula zithunzi. Kuyambira pamenepo, anthu ali ndi mwayi wawukulu kugwila zawo mofulumira ndi kuchuluka iliyonse. Ojambula zithunzi Services nthawi zonse anali okwera mtengo kwambiri, asanadye zithunzi zawo akanatha anthu okhawo olemera ndi otchuka. Koma mkubwela kwa njira Zithunzi zasintha. Tsopano aliyense akhoza kusiya ana awo mu chifanizo kukumbukira. Chithunzi Zithunzi - ndi mtundu wanyimbo osiyana. Kamera alibe maganizo mzinda makhalidwe anthu a olondola kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo amatha analanda mtima, chikhalidwe cha munthu ndi dziko wake wauzimu.

Zikomo zithunzi tikhoza tsopano adzaweruza maonekedwe a anthu kuleza wapita kwa ife. Pali zithunzi zodabwitsa Sergeya Esenina, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Alberta Eynshteyna, Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, ndi matalente ena odziwika bwino, anapanga zopereka zikuluzikulu chitukuko cha mfundo za luso la sayansi ya chitukuko chathu.