Constructivism pa zomangamanga

Constructivism otchedwa mumaganiza avant-garde pa zomangamanga, Tirhana na Timatheriyali ndi luso labwino ndi kujambula. kalembedwe wakhala yapangidwa nthawi kuchokera 1920 kuti chiyambi cha khumi zikubwerazi.

mbali chabwino cha constructivism - ndi rigor, akalumikidzidwa laconic, geometrizm ndi maonekedwe monolithic. Constructivists ngakhale analenga kulenga yake boma bungwe ndipo anayamba zinchito zawo kapangidwe njira. njira imene ili yokhazikika pa kusanthula sayansi kugwira ntchito kwa nyumba ya, nyumba ndi maofesi. Constructivism pa zomangamanga zisungidwe zipilala zake lililonse - m'makhitchini malonda, zokhalamo za ntchito, magulu ogwira ntchito, mizinda yambiri, nyumba zimene zinamangidwa mu masiku amenewo.

Anthu maonekedwe kulenga kuti kuphatikiza ndi maganizo oti "constructivism", ophatikizidwa osati zomangamanga, komanso muzochitika zina zochita za anthu Mwachitsanzo, mu mabuku.

Ngakhale kuti dera limeneli imatengedwa chodabwitsa Soviet, ngati wina aliyense chifukwa Sichikupezeka mayiko wa USSR kale. Mwina ena kudzakhala nkhani, koma nyengo yachisanu ikupita kalembedwe constructivism pa zomangamanga alinso Eiffel Tower, chomwe chili ndi zinthu zonse constructivist ndi modernist.

Chotero otaya ndi unachokera mu kufufuza apitirize zatsopano. Innovators wa nthawiyo kupereka kukana "luso chifukwa cha luso la", ndipo anakhulupirira kuti ayenera kutulutsa. Otsatira view otchedwa ojambula zithunzi ndi mapulani kulenga zinthu zothandiza okha ndipo zimenezi ndi moyo wabwino m'mizinda omasuka. Mawu akuti "constructivism" kubweretsa theorists Russian chinenero cha "kupanga luso", chifukwa chachikulu chinali kawirikawiri mu timabuku ndi malankhulidwe mapulani mawu "zaphindu", "kamangidwe", "kamangidwe".

Nyumba Constructivism, komanso malangizo ena, ali nthumwi zake yowala. Iwo Leonid abale, Victor ndi Alexander Vesnin, amene anazindikira aesthetics lopenya wa kukuchititsa zimenezi, akatswiri kale mu kamangidwe ka nyumba, kupenta ndi mabuku mwaluso kwambiri. abale ntchito anayima mu mpikisano Labor Palace ntchito yomanga mu mzinda wa Moscow. Zomveka dongosolo lolingana nkhope kunja kwa aesthetics ano, ntchito atsopano yomanga ndi nyumba zipangizo - zonsezi anali kutsogolera malangizo chitukuko cha "constructivism".

Zomangamanga - mfundo ndi zovuta, ndipo siteji yotsatira kwa Vesnin chinali mwanjira zovuta m'mbuyomu. Kotero, iwo anali kupanga nyumba ya nyuzipepala "Leningradskaya Pravda" pa malo kakang'ono ka dziko. Abale kukhazikitsa yaing'ono zisanu storey nyumba, koma panali zonse: ofesi danga, ndi chipinda nyuzipepala, ndi manyuzipepala ndi modutsa, ndi yaing'ono kuwerenga chipinda, chifukwa ndi luso gulu danga zofunika kwambiri mu chinthu chimodzi - ntchito yaikulu ya Constructivists.

Monga tanena constructivism pa zomangamanga anali zinchito yake njira. Malinga Constructivists, aliyense ntchito limafanana ndi kapangidwe kwambiri zomveka.

Panali nthawi imene osafuna kusintha amawanena kuti kuteteza ufulu ntchito njira za makolo, patapita zinali zoletsedwa. Soviet Union anali yogwira kulimbana bourgeois zamawonekedwe ndipo kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino bwino. Pamene Constructivists anali mwa chamanyazi, ena mapulani aiwala, ndi ena - atengere kusintha. Akatswiri ena Soviet amati "postconstructivism" inu pa kuimba.

Constructivism pa zomangamanga kamodzinso anapanga lokha anamva mu 60s, pamene kulimbana ndi "extravagances mapulani" ndipo mu 1990s oyambirira, lingaliro yovula wa 20 likwaniritsidwe. Lero pa zikuonekera kwambiri pa zomangamanga a m'mizinda ikuluikulu.