Ntchito Malevich wa zaka: kufotokoza, chithunzi

Malevich ntchito kuimira ena mwa maonekedwe olemekezeka umboni luso la makono ano. Anayambitsa Suprematism, Russian ndi Soviet wojambula kwafika mbiri luso ndi kupenta "Black Square", koma ntchito iyi, ntchito yake sasiya kumeneko. Ndi ntchito otchuka wojambula ayenera kukhala bwino kwa munthu aliyense otukuka.

Theorists ndi madokotala a luso chi

ntchito Malevich a zimasonyeza vuto anthu pa chiyambi cha XX atumwi. wojambula anabadwa mu Kiev m'chaka cha 1879.

Malinga ndi nkhani yake mu autobiography wake, chionetsero poyera wojambula inayamba mu Kursk mu chaka cha 1898, ngakhale palibe umboni zopelekedwa kwa sanaulule.

Mu 1905 iye anayesa kuti alowe Moscow School of Painting. Komabe, iye anali osavomerezeka. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Kursk Malevich anakhalabe banja - mkazi wake ndi ana Zgleyts Casimir. Pa moyo wawo ndi kugawikana, kotero musati alo, Malevich sanafune kubwerera Kursk. chithunzicho anakakhala Lefortovo mu kulankhula luso. The nyumba yaikulu zojambulajambula Kurdyumova anakhala 300 amisiri. Malevich ankakhala kulankhula kwa miyezi sikisi, koma, ngakhale rents otsika kwambiri, ndalama chotsala miyezi sikisi, anali kubwerera ku Kursk.

Pomaliza, Malevich anasamukira ku Moscow kokha mu 1907. Anakapezeka makalasi ndi Fedora Rerberga. Mu 1910, anayamba nawo zisudzo za kucheza kulenga ya oyambirira avant-garde , "Jack ya diamondi." Chithunzi anayamba kutuluka, zimene zinabweretsa iye kutchuka mayiko ndi kuzindikira.

"Suprematist Kaonekedwe"

Mu 1916, ntchito ya Malevich kale bwino amadziwika likulu. "Suprematist Kaonekedwe" amapezeka pa nthawi. Kwalembedwa mu mafuta pa lona. Mu 2008 izo anagulitsidwa pa yobetcherana, "Sotheby a" for $ 60 miliyoni.

Pa yobetcherana anaika pamwamba olandira ake a chithunzicho. Mu 1927, izo anawonetseredwa pa chionetsero mu Berlin.

Pa kutsegula kwa zomera ndi anayimiridwa mwa Malevich wake yekha, koma kenako anabwerera, chifukwa boma la Soviet sanavomereze kuti ndipitirize chitupa cha visa chikapezeka ake kunja. ntchito zonse anachoka. Panali 70. The udindo anaikidwa German wamanga Hugo Haring. Malevich ankayenera kuti abwerere zithunzi za posachedwapa, koma kudziko lina kuti sadzamwanso anamasulidwa.

Atangotsala pang'ono kumwalira, Haring zapita ntchito zonse za Malevich, amene anali mu zaka zambiri mu mzinda wa Amsterdam Museum (amatchedwanso Steleleyk Museum). Hering wapangana pangano, chimene chaka chilichonse m'nyumbayi anali kwa zaka 12 kumulipira wina kuchuluka. Patapita nthawi, nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa imfa wamanga, achibale ake, kudzapereka cholowa, tinalandira ndalama zonsezo nthawi imodzi. Choncho, "Suprematist Kaonekedwe" anagunda maziko a Amsterdam City Museum.

Wolowa a Malevich anatenga ankafuna kubwerera zojambula, kuyambira 70 ntchentche za m'ma XX. Koma iwo sanali bwino.

Mu 2002 mokha, 14 ntchito ku Amsterdam owonetsera zakale anali kuperekedwa pa chionetsero "Kazimir Malevich. Suprematism." Iwo unachitikira ku Guggenheim Museum mu US. Malevich wolowa nyumba, ena amene ndi nzika za America, mlanduwu mlandu ndi kowonera zakale Dutch. Gallery Guide anapita pa pangano chisanadze mayesero. Malinga ndi zotsatira 5 36 zojambula ndi chithunzicho chabwezedwa kwa mbadwa zake. M'malo olandira anakana zonena zina.

chithunzi Ichi ndi kupenta mtengo kwambiri ndi Russian wojambula nthawi anagulitsa pa yobetcherana.

"Black Square"

"Black Square" ndi Malevich ndi imodzi mwa ambiri analankhula wake za ntchito. Ndi mbali ya mkombero wa ntchito za mmisiri, odzipatulira kwa Suprematism. , Iye kufufuza mbali yaikulu ya kapangidwe ndi kuwala. Kuwonjezera lalikulu, pano triptych kupenta "Black Cross" ndi "Black Circle".

Chithunzi Malevich analemba mu 1915. Ntchito adamchitira chionetsero yomaliza ya Futurists. ntchito Malevich pa "0,10" mu 1915 akhala Anapachikidwa, titero, mu "ngodya wofiira". Kumene chizindikirochi anaikidwa "Black Square" ali kale Anapachikidwa mu kwake Russian. Kwambiri zamatsenga ndi chithunzi kwambiri m'mbiri ya kupenta Russian.

Zitatu Suprematist akalumikidzidwa - lalikulu, mtanda ndi bwalo, mchiphunzitso cha luso imatengedwa ndi miyeso yolinganizira kuti Zimachititsa Vuto zina za dongosolo lonse Suprematist. Zili kwa iwo m'tsogolo timabadwa mitundu yatsopano Suprematist.

Akatswiri ambiri wojambula anayesa mobwerezabwereza kupeza buku loyambirira la cithunzithunzi, kuti azikakhala pansi pamwamba wosanjikiza wa utoto. Choncho, X-ray zinachitikadi mu 2015. Chifukwa, izo anakwanitsa kupeza zithunzi awiri mtundu, amene anapezedwa pa chinsalu chomwecho. Izo poyamba ankawakonda kubofuturisticheskogo zikuchokera, ndi pamwamba ndi protosuprematicheskaya. Only ndiye anadzazidwa onse ndi kvardrat wakuda.

Asayansi amathanso kumvetsa mawu akuti zomwe wojambula anachoka pa chinsalu cha. Awa ndiwo mawu "Nkhondo ya Negroes m'phanga mdima", amene amanena wotchuka luso akatswiri monochrome mankhwala Alfonsa alle, amene adalenga mu 1882.

Ndi N'zosadabwitsa dzina chionetserocho, amene showcased ntchito Malevich. Photos ku vernissage akadali angapezeke mu yachokera akale ndi magazini ya nthawi. Kupezeka kwa manambala 10 akusonyeza nambala imene gulu ndi okonza. Koma kanthu anati zimene adzakhala pachionetsero "wakuda bokosi" limene, mogwirizana ndi wolemba, ati kuchepetsa zonse kuti ziro.

atatu lalikulu

Kuwonjezera pa "Black Square" ntchito za Malevich anali ochepa mosiyanasiyana izi zojambula. Inde, ndi "Black Square" Poyamba kansalu yosavuta. Iye analibe okhwima kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino bwino. Choncho, kuchokera amazionera okha Masamu ndi quadrangle, osati lalikulu. Art mbiri yakale amati onse kuti si chosasamala la wolemba, ndipo ndi udindo mfundo. Malevich anayesa kuti alenge mawonekedwe wangwiro, zimene zingakhale zazikulu kwambiri ndi mafoni.

Komanso, pali ntchito ziwiri mwa Malevich - mabwalo. Izi ndi "Red Square" ndi "White Square". The kupenta "Red Square" anasonyezedwa pa chionetsero avant-garde "0,10". White lalikulu anaonekera mu 1918. Pamene ntchito ya Malevich, chithunzi cha lomwe masiku ano lili mu buku aliyense luso, akukumana siteji ya "woyera" nthawi ya Suprematism.

"Lachinsinsi Suprematism"

Kuyambira 1920 mpaka 1922, Malevich anali kugwira ntchito pa kupenta "lachinsinsi Suprematism." Iwo imatchedwanso "wakuda mtanda pa chowulungika wofiira." Lona utoto mafuta pa lona. Komanso anagulitsidwa pa ogulitsira malonda ndi, "Sotheby a" pafupifupi 37 madola zikwi.

Mokulira pachithunzipa motere tsoka la "Suprematist kapangidwe", umene kale anauza. Iye iyawonekambo mu zopereka za Museum wa Amsterdam ndipo patapita chithandizo Malevich olowa bwalo, adakhoza atengenso osachepera mbali ya zojambula lapansi.

"Suprematism. 18 kapangidwe"

Ntchito ya Malevich, zithunzi ndi mayina a amene angapezeke mu buku lililonse pa mbiriyakale ya luso, captivate ndi kuchita chidwi.

kupenta Wina chidwi - chithunzi, linalembedwa mu 1915 "Suprematism 18 yomanga.". Pa ogulitsira malonda ndi, "Sotheby a" izo anagulitsidwa mu 2015 pafupifupi $ 34 miliyoni. Iye iyawonekambo m'manja mwa olowa chithunzicho pambuyo yesero ndi Amsterdam City Museum.

chithunzi china, amene anaphwanya ndi Dutch anakhala "Suprematism: kwabasi Kuzindikira mpira zooneka bwino misa mu gawo lachinayi.". Anapeza mwini wake mu 2011. Utapezeka mwa Institute of Art mu Chicago kwa kuchuluka sanafune kuulula kwa anthu. Koma ntchito mu 1913 - "Tebulo ndi Malo" Tingaone pa chionetsero chachikulu cha Malevich mu Madrid zomera "Tate". Ndipo pachithunzipa anali anasonyeza mosadziwika. Izo zimatanthauza okonza - sizikumveka. Ndipotu milandu kumene mwini chenicheni cha lona akufuna kukhalabe anonymous, analengeza kuti kupenta ndi mu deta payekha. Komanso amagwiritsa ntchito mawu mwapadera.

"Suprematist Kaonekedwe"

Ntchito ya Malevich, za amene mudzapeza m'nkhani ino adzakupatsani mwachilungamo wathunthu ndi bwino lingaliro la ntchito yake. Mwachitsanzo, chitsanzo "Suprematist Kaonekedwe" analengedwa 1919-1920. Mu 2000, pa ogulitsira malonda ndi, "Phillips" atha kwa $ 17 miliyoni.

ndondomeko imeneyi, mosiyana ndi m'mbuyomo, pambuyo kuchoka kwa Malevich ku Berlin ku Soviet Union, anakhalabe Germany. Mu 1935, uja kwa wotsogolera US wa New York Museum of Modern Art, Alfred Barr. zaka 20, iye anasonyeza mu United States mu chimango cha chionetsero "Cubism ndi Mkota Art". chakuti chithunzi anali mwamsanga kutenga - mu Germany ndi nthawi Nazi atayamba kulamulira, ntchito Malevich anagwa naye. mabwana ake Nazi amatanthauza chitsanzo cha "luso otsika." wotsogolera woyamba wa Hanover owonetsera zakale chobisika tsamba chapansi wake, kenako mobisa anapereka Barry, amene anabweretsa ntchito wapatali mu United States.

Mu 1999, New York owonetsera zakale wabwerera kwa wolowa a Malevich chithunzi ichi ndi angapo ntchito zake zojambulajambula.

Self-chithunzi cha chithunzicho

Mu 1910, Malevich utoto kudzikonda kwake chithunzi. Ndi mmodzi wa atatu cha kudzikonda kwake zithunzi, zojambulidwa nthawi imeneyi. Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti ena awiri anali mu zinthu zochititsa chidwi m'derali. Izi ntchito za Malevich mu Tretyakov Gallery Tingaone.

Wachitatu kudziona chithunzi anagulitsidwa pa yobetcherana. Poyamba, iye anali mu gulu patokha Georgiya Kostaki. Mu 2004, pa ogulitsira malonda ndi, "Christie" mu London, ndi kudzikonda chithunzi anapeza mwini wake kuti mapaundi 162.000 chabe. Onse, chifukwa patadutsa zaka 35, mtengo wake chinawonjezeka ndi 35 nthawi. Kale mu 2015, chinsalu cha anagulitsidwa pa yobetcherana, "Sotheby a" pafupifupi 9 miliyoni madola. Ndithudi, kopindulitsa ndalama.

"Mutu wa wamba ndi"

Tikaona ntchito Malevich kwa zaka, n'zotheka kukhazikitsa azimuth yotsimikizika chimene kuona mmene ntchito yake kusanduka.

Chitsanzo fanizo la ichi - chithunzi "Mutu wa wamba ndi," lolembedwa mu 1911. Mu 2014, ku ogulitsira malonda ndi, "Sotheby" ku London iye anapita pansi nyundo madola miliyoni 3.5.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba omvera anaona kupenta ndi Malevich mu 1912 pa "Bulu la Mchira" chionetsero, umene bungwe ndi Natalia Goncharova ndi Mihailom Larionovym. Pambuyo pake, anachita nawo chionetserochi mu Berlin mu 1927. Kenako anapereka kwa Malevich Hugo Hering. Kale kwa iye anadutsa cholowa kwa mkazi wake ndi mwana wamkazi. Hering olandira anagulitsa kupenta yekha mu 1975, pambuyo pa imfa yake.

The Museum Russian

Ntchito ya Malevich mu Russian Museum anapereka bwino. Apa, mwina, ndi kusonkhanitsa olemera ntchito zake. Ndi ntchito ya wokonzanso ichi ndi mphunzitsi ankachitira ndi kulemekeza, zojambula wake perekani malo aulemu kwambiri.

Okwana ndalama ya Museum Russian lero pali 100 zojambula, kuphatikiza zosachepera 40 zithunzi. Ambiri a datings atsopano. yolondola. Wapadera deta, naperekanso pa Russian Museum, akali chakuti ntchito si monga kwambiri, iwo kuphimba linafalitsidwa kwambiri zotheka osiyanasiyana ntchito yake. Kuperekedwa monga ntchito oyambirira, pafupifupi zatsopano yoyamba penti zithunzi zotsimikizika ndi mtsogolo, zomwe si kuzindikira burashi wa wojambula amene utoto "Black Square".

imfa ziboliboli

Kazimir Malevich anafa Leningrad mu 1935. Monga mwa chifuniro chake, thupi anaika mu bokosi suprematic kuimira mtanda ndi mikono ndikuyesetsa ndipo unachita kutenthedwa.