Andrei Rublev: zithunzi ndi zojambula

Mu Russia ndi kunja odziwika ndi dzina - Andrei Rublev. Zizindikiro ndi murals analengedwa ndi mfiti za mazana asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo, ndi chamtengo wapatali luso Russian ndi chimwemwe tanthauzo zokongoletsa, anthu.

Mfundo yoyamba

Kodi ndi pamene anabadwa Andrei Rublev - sakudziwika. Pali nkhambakamwa kuti chinachitika padziko zaka 1360-70, ndi Moscow ukulu, kapena Veliky Novgorod. Information about pamene mbuye anayamba kulemba nkhope ya Oyera opezeka zikalata akale mbiri. Kuchokera "Utatu Chronicle", zopezeka mu Moscow, ndi zodziwika bwino kuti ndinali mmonke (mmonke), Rublev utoto Theophanes Chigiriki Prokhorov Gorodetsky yopemphereramo wa Prince Vladimir Dmitrievich, mwana Dmitriya Donskogo.

The iconostasis wa Cathedral St. Vladimir a

Patapita zaka zingapo, malinga ndi chimodzimodzi "Utatu Chronicle", mu mgwirizano ndi wotchuka chizindikiro zojambulajambula Daniil Cherny kubwezeretsedwa Vladimir Mfundo Cathedral pambuyo nkhondo ya Chitata anali Andrei Rublev. Zizindikiro, amapanga gulu loyimba limodzi frescoes anapulumuka masiku ano. Komabe, mu nyengo zazikulu za Catherine iconostasis akale sanali lolingana mafashoni panopa, ndipo anagwidwa ku tchalitchi ku mudzi Vassilyevskoe (tsopano - Ivanovo dera). M'zaka za m'ma 20 chizindikirochi nachiritsidwa, ena mwa iwo analowa mndandanda wa State Russian Museum ku St. Petersburg, gawo lina anaikidwa mu State Tretyakov Gallery mu Moscow.

Deesis

The chigawo chapakati cha iconostasis ya Vladimir, amene amapanga zithunzi zojambulidwa ndi Andrei Rublev, lili pa nambala Deesis ( "pembedzero" mu Greek). lingaliro Aika - chiweruzo cha Mulungu, ndiwo mwa Orthodox kuitana wowopsa. More ndendende - ndi lingaliro la chitetezero otentha kwa oyera pamaso pa Khristu kwa anthu onse. Image chinamulowerera mzimu mkulu wa chikondi ndi chifundo, otchuka ndi kukongola abwino. Pakati pa mpando wachifumu - Yesu ndi uthenga lotseguka mu manja ake. Chithunzi alembedwa wofiira diamondi, mtundu uwu ukuimira mafumu ndi pa yomweyo nsembe. Rhombus aikidwa mu wobiriwira buluu chowulungika, kufanizira mgwirizano wa anthu la Mulungu. zikuchokera Izi m'bwalo wofiira, aliyense ngodya ya ndilo amatikumbutsa alaliki anayi - Mateyu, Marko, Luka, ndi Yohane. mithunzi zofewa ali ogwirizana ndi mizere ang'ono wa tanthauzo.

Makamaka mu nkhope ya Oyera chifaniziro

Kodi atsopano ndi chifaniziro cha Mpulumutsi Andrei Rublev? chizindikirochi ndi chifanizo cha Mulungu akhalipo mu chikhalidwe Byzantine, koma kuphatikiza zodabwitsa za chofunika otchuka ndi kudekha kwambiri komanso mwachikondi zimapangitsa chilengedwe mfiti woposa wina wapadera. Chifaniziro cha Khristu Rublevskoe kuoneka bwino chifaniziro cha anthu Russian chilungamo. Kwakukulu chiyembekezo bwalo - wolungama - mwadzaza mafano a oyera, kupemphera kwa Yesu. Maonekedwe a Virgin mapemphero ndi chisoni, ndi chifaniziro cha Baptist kuwerenga zosamvetsetseka chisoni kwa anthu onse ndi zolakwika. Devotedly kupemphera atumwi Mpulumutsi Ioann Zlatoust ndi Grigoriy Veliky, Andrey Pervozvanny ndi Ioann Bogoslov. Monga kugwadira kwa angelo pano akuonetsedwa akerubi Gabriel ndi Michael, zithunzi zawo zonse za kukongola wakumwamba wapadera akulankhula za dziko waufulu wa kumwamba.

"Spas" Andrei Rublev

Pakati pa zithunzi iconographic wa mbuye, pali katswiri angapo amene amanena kuti ndi chizindikiro cha "Khristu."

Andrei Rublev anatenga fano la Yesu Khristu, ndipo ndithu m'manja mwa chithunzicho kwambiri analenga ntchito monga "Pantocrator", "Nkhope Woyera", "Mpulumutsi Golden Tsitsi", "Khristu mu Ufumu". Potsindika zapadera maganizo softness Ambuye Rublev ndikulingalira chigawo chachikulu cha abwino Russian dziko. Ndi N'zosadabwitsa osiyanasiyana mitundu, kudawala wofatsa kuwala ofunda. Ichi chinali chosemphana ndi mwambo Byzantine, imene nkhope kwa Mpulumutsi analemba zosiyana chikunena za zosiyana wobiriwira ndi zofiirira maziko kwambiri kuchepetsa mizere ya mbali nkhope.

Ngati mukuziyenereza nkhope ya Khristu, analengedwa ndi Byzantine mbuye Theophanes Chigriki, chomwe chinali, malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, mphunzitsi Rublev, ndi zithunzi za wophunzira olembedwa, ife kupanga kusiyana bwino kalembedwe. Rublev amaika utoto bwino ankaona Mosiyana kusintha zofewa kuwala mu mithunzi. M'munsi mandala zigawo inki kusonyeza kudzera pamwamba, monga ngati mafano loyenda mkati kuwala chete mosangalala. Ndicho chifukwa iconography wake akhoza molimba otchedwa luminiferous.

"Utatu"

Kapena monga zayekha, chizindikirochi "Woyera Utatu" Andreya Rubleva - ndi chimodzi mwa zolengedwa wamkulu wa Russian Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Pa mtima za izo - wotchuka m'Baibulo za m'mene wolungama Abrahamu anapita Mulungu mu Utatu mu mawonekedwe a angelo atatu.

Pangani mafano "Utatu" ndi Andrei Rublev amabwerera mbiri ya kupenta cha Utatu Cathedral. Iwo anaikidwa kudzanja lamanja la chipata cha mfumu pansi, mmene anali kuyembekezera, angapo iconostasis lapansi.

Chinsinsi cha "Woyera Utatu"

The zikuchokera chizindikirochi inamangidwa kuti zithunzi za angelo kupanga wophiphiritsa bwalo - chizindikiro cha muyaya. Iwo kukhala mozungulira gome ndi mbale, ndiye mutu wa ng'ombe ya nsembe - chizindikiro cha chiwombolo. Chapakati ndi kumanzere angelo akudalitseni mbale.

Kumbuyo angelo, tikuona nyumba ya Abrahamu, thundu umene analandira alendo ake, ndipo nsonga ya phiri la Moriya, limene Abrahamu anapita kupereka nsembe mwana wake Isake. Kumeneko, pambuyo pa nthawi ya Solomo, nyumba yoyamba anaukitsidwa.

Pachikhalidwe akukhulupirira kuti chithunzi limasonyeza mngelo pafupifupi la Yesu Khristu, dzanja lake lamanja ndi zala anawoloka likuimira kumvera chopanda malire ku chifuniro cha Atate. Mngelo kumanzere - uyu ndiye fanizo la Atate, mdalitso chikho mudzamwa Mwana chiwombolo cha anthu onse. Pomwe mngelo imamveka Mzimu Woyera wophimba chilolezo cha Atate, ndi la Mwana, ndi kutonthoza Iye amene posachedwapa nsembe yokha. Choncho ndinaona Woyera Utatu Andrei Rublev. Zizindikiro zake zambiri nthawi zonse simvolisticheskogo phokoso mkulu, koma ichi ndi chachikulu kwambiri.

Pali Komabe, ofufuza mosiyana anamasulira ndi kufalitsidwa compositional wa nkhope ya Utatu Woyera. Iwo amati amene akukhala mkati mwa Mulungu Atate, amene kuseri kwake zinasonyeza Mtengo wa Moyo - chizindikiro cha mphamvu ndi wathunthu. Pa mtengo uwu, timawerenga tsamba loyamba la Baibulo (izo zikukula mu Munda wa Edeni) ndi masamba yake yotsiriza, pamene ife tikuziwona izo mu Yerusalemu Watsopano. Kumanzere Mngelo ili pa maziko a dongosolo, sipangakhalenso amaimira House Building Khristu - Lake Universal Church. Angelo pomwe timaona maziko a mapiri: ndi pa phiri Mzimu Woyera anatsika pa atumwi pambuyo Ascension wa Khristu.

Umagwira ntchito yapadera dera la mtundu mafano. Kukuwala ndi golide mfulu, kuthwanima zofewa ocher, zobiriwira, kumwamba buluu ndi zofewa malankhulidwe pinki. Kupita kusintha mtundu mogwirizana ndi otsetsereka pang'onopang'ono kwa mutu, manja mwakachetechete atakhala angelo. Mu likah anthu atatu cha Umulungu zobisika chisoni wapadzadziko ndipo nthawi yomweyo - chete.

pomaliza

Bakuman ndipo osokoneza zithunzi Andreya Rubleva. Photo limene pali zithunzi za Umulungu, kutipatsa ife lingaliro kuzimvetsa za chidaliro chakuti tanthauzo la chilengedwe ndi moyo wa munthu aliyense - wachikondi ndi manja waluso.