Wojambula Isaak Ilich Levitan: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Wojambula Isaak Ilich Levitan anabadwa mu mzinda wa Kybartai (Lithuania) mu August 1860. Za ubwana wake, pafupi sanauze aliyense, choncho nkhani imeneyi ana moyo kumanzere kwake. Amadziwika kuti bambo ake mwanjira antchito ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo anavutika kwambiri kuti ana aphunzire bwino. Isaac Levitan, amene yonena akuyamba ndi kufika mu Moscow, amatengera chitsanzo cha m'bale chithunzicho, amene anamutengera ku zisudzo panja, pa zina zachidule lapansi. Pa zaka khumi ndi zitatu Isaac analandira luso sukulu.

aphunzitsi aakulu

Chifukwa chakuti aphunzitsi ndi mwayi kwambiri mnyamata, koma ambiri, zaka maphunziro udachita iye mavutowo. Iye pa nthawi imene anali wamasiye, palibe munthu anakhoza kuchita kanthu kumuthandiza, mavuto onse mu m'badwo wamng'ono uyu, kunali koyenera kusankha. Waluntha chotero malo zojambula Isaac Levitan yonena kunali kovuta. Luso yomweyo azindikire chinthu chapadera, kuyambira aphunzitsi zinali zabwino: Vasily Polenov ndi Alexey Savrasov - nawo okha anauza maina a onse aluso amenewa. Komanso, mphunzitsi Mwachitsanzo, Savrasov kunaposa, anaphunzitsa gululo lonse la ophunzira kwambiri: Nesterov, onse Korovin, Svetoslavsky Stepanov ...

Levitan, amene mbiri limafotokoza nkhaniyi, anaganiza kuti iye anali atapereka chirichonse chophweka, ndipo nthawi mantha lightness, ankagwira ntchito mwakhama, kufunafuna kalembedwe wake. Ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zakubadwa anatenga gawo mu yoonetsa zojambula wake ndipo nthawi yomweyo anayamba kulankhula. Isaac Ilich Levitan yomweyo anakhala chodabwitsa m'Matchalitchi chikhalidwe Russian. Monga zojambulajambula ndi Levitan anali kufuna kwambiri, koma iye anaphunzira chilengedwe popanda kugaŵa ndi mankhwala, Iye anayankha ngati kuti chikhulupiriro chake. Ndipo palibe proznal ku zinsinsi ake ambiri, monga Levitan.

yonena

chithunzicho sanali kupita kutali ndi zinyama mbadwa, moyo makamaka mu Moscow, anagwira m'zigawo za Tver ndi Moscow, awiri mu Crimea ndi zambiri - ". Association ya Wanderers" pa Volga, monga membala wa Nthawizonse ndinkakhala mwakachetechete, analibe nthawi zapamwamba, chifukwa ntchito anali kutenga nthawi zonse, mphamvu zonse ndi chikondi zonse. Nawa ntchito yonse ya kupuma moyo adamlenga Levitan - yonena ndi ambiri zedi.

Masomphenya ndi kumverera

Iye anagonjetsa misonkhano siteji ya malo chikondi, nthawi zina kupulumuka abwenzi Wanderers. Munthu zodabwitsa tcheru aliyense kuona chikhalidwe mu mawonekedwe ake onse, chithunzicho I. I. Levitan ndi kupenta wake - lililonse! - aliyense providchestvo nthawi, "kuwerenga" zinachitikira. Oimba ndi phula wangwiro.

Pa malo Levitan anali "diso mtheradi" kapena "kumverera mtheradi." N'chimodzimodzinso watercolors, amenenso molondola amapereka maganizo ndendende ndakatulo, amene anali akamanena za chododometsa luso la chilengedwe. Mu watercolors Levitan, amene mitunda nthawi zonse odalirika kwambiri, kupewa zambiri, koma mosamala ndiponso molondola zoperekedwa ndi maganizo kuti kunong'oneza chithunzi cha chikhalidwe.

nzeru

"Maganizo mitunda" Levitan n'zochepa maganizo machulukitsidwe, iwo padera gawo lalikulu la moyo wa munthu. Iye ankadziwa kuti aone chikhalidwe ngati kuti anaikira zinsinsi zonse za kukhalako (chithunzicho ankakonda nzeru zapamwamba Schopenhauer anali, mwa njira, kuti molondola kwambiri anafotokoza kuti mphamvu zake). kupenta Levitan a anakumbatira ena a zaluso wa impressionism, koma chithunzicho koma sanali adzipereke kwa chiyero ndi chimwemwe cha kuwala ndi mtundu, chifukwa kukhalabe mu bwalo la zithunzi wakale Russian, ndipo nthawi zonse ndipo kwenikweni chibadidwe zakutidwa miyoyo yathu "dziko kukhumba."

Ngakhale oyambirira amagwira yekha m'nyimbo. Wojambula I. I. Levitan ndi kupenta wake "Yophukira tsiku. Sokolniki", titero lotseguka kwa ife nthawi yake yoyamba ya zilandiridwenso. Pa kukhwima, ndi Levitan, kukhala mbuye Malo ambiri, kuphunzira ngakhalenso nyimbo zosavuta inasanduka fano lililonse la dziko. Levitan okhwima zilandiridwenso akutsegula "Birch Grove". M'zaka onse a moyo wake nthawi dzuŵa kutali ndi zojambula wake, ndi mitunda zinalengedwa, wodzazidwa ndi premonition zomvetsa chisoni kumva chisoni ndi kusungulumwa. wojambula anavutika kwambiri, maganizo a imfa inali itayandikira sanamusiye. Komabe, kutichitira Italy, iye sanapite. "Mwa Russian ndipo angathe kugwira ntchito malo enieni," - iye anafotokoza.

Golden Ples

ntchito mwa ndakatulo spiritualized olembedwa Levitan paulendo pamodzi Volga ndi Wanderers anzake. "Volzhsky nthawi" Levitan kwa amadza kulenga angafanane ndi "Boldino yophukira" Pushkin. Sviyazhsk Antiquities, Old Okhulupirira mitanda pa mtsinje, kukongola lovuta chikhalidwe kumpoto, remoteness kuchokera zonse zobiriwira, wachivundi, zosafunika - zili apo chithunzicho I. I. Levitan. Ndipo chithunzi ankabadwa - weniweni, ophiphiritsa - "Wamuyaya Mpumulo".

Zina zachidule ya manda anasiya zothandiza kuyamba ntchito pa zikuchokera, kotero malo ali weniweni monga Nthawi zambiri, koma anapereka wojambula mozama kwambiri komanso Ukulu, ndi dziko lapansi adalunzanitsidwa ndi mlengalenga, kupereka Trans-Volga anamupatsa, akumira mu madzulo wofiirira. Powonjezera malo Levitan analemba zosiyanasiyana - kwambiri, ofunda, lowala, wodzala ndi zithunzi: ". Madzulo Gold Wamphamvu" "Mgonero pa Volga", "mvula", "mphepo watsopano", koma kwenikweni lililonse, wodziwika ndi pali kuzindikira pyonsene anakhala, iye - "mpumulo wosatha".

tsatanetsatane

Pa cithunzithunzi ici, pali chirichonse bata, ndi phokoso waukulu belu lalikulu, ndi mtendere manda, ndi kayendedwe wosatha wa moyo. Gray, mphamvu ozizira a mtsinje kumaonekeranso ngati kuti ndi kutalika kwa mbalame ndege, ndi mapiko gone pa madzi yopapatiza promontory imene inali pamwamba yaing'ono mpingo wakale pamodzi ndi - manda. Ndipo mphepo mosalekeza ndi kum'dandaulira akugwera nsonga za Aspen, ndipo ngakhale mitanda lapendekeka, zikuwoneka opanikizika ake.

Koma kachisi zenera glows yowala kwambiri madzi awa ngakhale imvi ndi mdima mauve m'chizimezime ngati mbandakucha. Uwu ndiwo mpumulo muyaya alipo a dziko, amene analengedwa ndi Mlengi: mphepo imeneyi, zikuoneka, osati amayendetsa mitambo, osati agwedeza Aspen, ndi nthawi yokha chikusesa pa malo mwachangu ndipo mosasintha. Osati chizindikiro umodzi wa kukhalapo anthu mu malo ili kumeneko. Pali malo moyo sachita manyazi kapena smallness mwatsatanetsatane kapena kukula kwa dziko. Choncho chithunzi Levitan kuswa chiyanjano konsekonse.

za kalembedwe

The kwambiri mfundo kalembedwe - ndi transpersonal gulu. Kuyambira ntchito pa pachithunzipa, chithunzicho ankaoneka kulowa masewera akufuna, kuvomereza mawu ake. Ndithudi, iye ali ndi ufulu adziwukira zinthu izi, kuti awatsutse ndi chikhalidwe kulemba. Zofanana ndi zimenezi zinachitika ndi Levitan. Mu ntchito zake oyambirira - "The Village," "Road m'nkhalango," "Tsiku Yophukira pa Sokolniki", "Madzi Mill", "Yendani mwa Ostankino", "Garden mu chisanu", "Malo a Dali." Ndipo ena - bwino kuwawonetsera kalembedwe Art Nouveau ngakhale "transpersonal", osati mwachindunji.

Moscow sukulu mfundo kupenta, ndithudi, chogwidwa. Komabe, mu filimu tatchulawa "Wamuyaya Mpumulo", chimbuzi wa nthanthi kusinkhasinkha Levitan, kalembedwe zamakono amapanga yokha ndithu mokweza. Ngakhale kusankha aliyense kalembedwe wina mu ntchito yake zosatheka. Zojambula Levitan - kusaka wosatha. Apa ndi kumatikumbutsabe wa romanticism, ndiponso Kuzindikira (mitunda kwambiri!), Ndipo ophiphiritsa, ndi impressionism ndi Art Nouveau ndi Expressionism, koma iwo ananena okha yogwirizana densest stylistic. Levitan anali makamaka kugwila cholinga mankhwala uliri zachilengedwe, ndiponso mmene tikumvera, iye ankadziwa osiyana ndipo anasangalala ndi zonse zoyenera.

Kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a

Compositionally ntchito Levitan anathana ndi zitsanzo chakale, mmene muli bwino, mtundu grafizm. The zikuchokera lagawidwa Triangles makonzedwe. Mwachitsanzo: zoyenera Pachithunzipa wa - gombe, kenako - kumanzere, kwa mtsinje, ndiye - kachiwiri pa gombe lamanja la ziyerekezo ndi mabango moyenera kumanzere monga ndafotokozera kwa m'chizimezime la mtsinje. yomanga imeneyi ikadzatha ndi magulu awiri amene mawonekedwe Zikuoneka kuti apitirize chopezera mzere kaja. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mbali ziwiri amaphatikiza zikuchokera osati okhwima chosokonekera, koma moyenera.

Volume ndi danga ndi ZINTHU zili bwino kwambiri pa zomangamanga, komanso mu penti Dolno zoterezi zitachitika - mu chiŵerengero cha chikhalidwe ndi nkhaniyi. Ndipo Isake Levitan analemba chithunzi ya nyundo! Umboni chidwi kwambiri pa izi. Mitengo iye amayang'ana amphamvu kwambiri, madzi - osati mandala, komanso chonyowa ndipo maboti pa izo, ngakhale kakang'ono, kutali, anawona m'kati mwa dzenje, zosavuta ndi zikuuluka pamwamba pa madzi.

Mtundu ndi kuwala

Favorite wojambula mtundu - wobiriwira ndipo iye anali wokhoza kumatula icho mu dazeni mithunzi ya limodzi utoto emarodi wobiriwira. Ngakhale mithunzi sanachitepo olembedwa wakuda. zigawo zonyalazo glaze - ngati kuti anafuna Levitan lowoneka wowoneka kukongola analenga awo. Ubale wa mtundu ndi wojambula kuwala akuona wanzeru: Mwachitsanzo, ozizira buluu kuwala kwa mwezi kumatheka ngakhale pang'ono wobiriwira umakhala buluu, ndipo madzi Kuganizira ndege kuwala. Mu Levitan mtundu sichitha kukhala kwambiri, zinthu kusunthira kutali, mdima pang'ono kwambiri.