Ojambula zithunzi Kukryniksy: zikuchokera ndi mbiri gulu, zithunzi

Wojambula kucheza Kukryniksy, wotchuka mu 30-40-ntchentche za m'ma XX chifukwa cha ntchito zake satirical, lero pafupifupi osadziwika mibadwo latsopano. Ojambula zithunzi achita yofunika kwambiri mu chikhalidwe ndiponso ndale za Soviet Union.

VHUTEMAS - msonkhano mfundo

Apamwamba Luso ndi luso zokambirana, analengedwa mu 1920 ndi odziwika padziko lonse monga VHUTEMAS, anamasulidwa ambiri okonza ndi amisiri amene kukhudzanso osati chikhalidwe Soviet, komanso kumanzere chizindikiro mu dziko la chisunzo.

Makamaka, ife ayamba njira Kukryniksy amisiri amene anabwera kuno m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndi ochokera ku malo osiyana, koma ndi cholinga chimodzi - kuphunzira kulenga kukongola. Mikhail Kupriyanov, Porfiry Krylov anakumana mu 1922 pamene ntchito pa kubala makalata VKhUTEMAS "Arapotdel". Iwo analembapo ntchito yawo ndi kuchepetsa Kukri Krykup. Kenaka limodzi ndi rookie wophunzira Nikolai Sokolov, yemwe anali atanena kale walemba ntchito yake monga Knicks. Choncho panali wotchuka wojambula Kukryniksy. Ophunzira ogwirizana osati chikondi cha luso, komanso maganizo onse. mchitidwe awo anali kuseka, iwo ali ndi chidwi diso kwa mipiringidzo zoseketsa kwenikweni ozungulira, ndipo anakhala mfundo zawo poyambira kwa mgwirizano.

okonda Commonwealth

Kukryniksy ojambula - wapadera chodabwitsa mu chikhalidwe dziko. Munthawi yomweyo ntchito pa ntchito chofunika iwo ubwenzi ndi moyandikana maganizo. Iwo anali ogwirizana ndi nsanja kulenga - adafuna kudziwa oseketsa nachiyika pa chiwerengero. A udindo waukulu mu mapangidwe wa Commonwealth ankaimba Mayakovsky, iye ophatikizidwa maganizo awo lokhala wosasangalala. Wake "Windows Zotengera Growth" anakhala yunivesite chenicheni cha cartoonists. Wolemba ndakatulo, kwambiri, anafotokoza kuti gulu chidwi ndi anawapempha kuti apereke mawu "cholakwika" ndipo kenako onse adzalenga angapo zina zachidule pa mankhwala. Mu ntchito analimbikitsa mbali iyi ya njira zawo luso adakokera Mayakovsky mtima, molondola ndi topicality.

Wambiri timu kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe cha chinthu chapadera luso masomphenya, iye ankatchedwa "zabwino Zotengera". Munthu wachiwiri, amene anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mapangidwe Kukryniksy mudawawa. Iye osati anawathandiza kupeza ntchito, komanso ankaphunzitsa zolondola maganizo njira. Zinali iye amene analimbikitsa chidwi ndale, ndi kumvetsa mzere phwando. Waukulu zitsulo ntchito koona satirical awo - monyogodola ndi lobaya. Zaka zambirimbiri, ku 20s m'ma kuti 90s mochedwa, aluso anali mabwenzi apamtima, ndipo zimawathandiza ntchito pamodzi.

Luso njira Kukryniksy

Kukryniksy ojambula zithunzi anatha kulenga njira yapadera ntchito pa chidutswa. Creative magulu analipo kale iwo, koma anthu onse payekha kulenga achotsa mu dzina la gulu "I" wa mmisiri, sizinachitike. Iwo anagwira ntchito kuti angathe lililonse Mlengi kwambiri zopezeka chomaliza mankhwala. Chifukwa cha mgwirizano anatuluka kalembedwe kuzindikira aluso satirical amene amamvetsa kwambiri anazindikira mu zithunzi ndi zojambula komanso kusiyana nsalu zokha ayi lapansi. Iwo anagwira ntchito pa chidutswa pa nthawi, zojambula anayenda bwalo, aliyense chikunena zawo izo, ndi kulandira mankhwala losonkhanitsidwa.

Kukryniksy nthawi Pamilunguyo mfundo ziwiri: mtundu ndi mzimu phwando. Iwo sadazindikira luso msonkhano kuti Mama ndi maganizo amunamuna a nthawi ya 20s, iwo anagwira ndi moyo wake wonse kulenga.

Yachitika mu njira kulenga

Kukryniksy anayamba kuchitira zinthu limodzi monga cartoonist mu wotchuka khoma nyuzipepala "Arapotdel" lomwe zikuchepa kusekedwa munkapezeka ndi formalist, kutsatira mzere phwando. Popeza 1924, akhala nawo m'mafanizo ntchito zolembalemba. Iwo anapereka fanizo olemba wamng'ono ndipo ngakhale kukhala ndi mtundu wanyimbo monga kutsutsa representational. Limakhulupirira Gorky anafotokoza illustrators ndi zachilendo ndipo anawalangiza kuti ajambule mitu timapangira kwa luso la moyo, osati mabuku. Kumapeto kwa 20s zojambula Kukryniksy osindikizidwa mu magazini onse zolembalemba, iwo anabwera pamodzi ndi olemba ochuluka. Iwo anavumbula makhalidwe zolembalemba: kunyong'onyeka, zamkhutu, zamawonekedwe. Ndipo lero, ambiri a zojambula zawo simunataye kufunika awo.

Kuyambira mu 1925, gulu la mwachangu kugwilizana ndi atolankhani Soviet, kusindikiza kumeneko caricatures caustic zoipa chikhalidwe. Pang'ono ndi mbiri ya kukula awo, ndipo wina aliyense amene awerenga, kutsegula nyuzipepala, choyamba ankafunsira zojambula lapansi. Nthawi imeneyi, angwiro njira zawo, makamaka bwino inki alemba ndi sharzhevaya kuwonjezera caustic atamukoka atypical ake kwa Soviet atolankhani sharpness. mndandanda awo monga "Transport" mu nyuzipepala "Pravda" anawatulutsa mbiri kwambiri. Iwo amakhala kamwa ya chi.

M'zaka prewar Kukryniksy amapezeka mu mtundu wanyimbo watsopano - zithunzi za ndale. Pa nkhondo, iye anakhala chida chenicheni kwa adani. Kukryniksy zithunzi zomwe zimathandiza anthu a Soviet Union mu nthawi yamavuto, kukhala chida champhamvu maganizo a mphamvu. chithunzi awo "mwankhanza udzaphwanya ndi kuwononga mdani!" Anaonekera pa misewu ya dziko June 1941. Akutumikira Mama napita nkhondo lonse ndi asilikali a mtundu wa zithunzi ndi timapepala ta. Iwo ankagwira ntchitoyo "TASS Windows" imene ili mu mawonekedwe a chithunzi okulira uthenga ndi kusunga makhalidwe a mtunduwo. Nkhondo itatha akhala zatulutsidwa kuti mayesero Nuremberg ndi ikuchitika lipoti wachipongwe. Kukryniksy kukhala zapamwamba woona wa zojambula Union, anali anthu odziwidwa padziko lonse, analandira mphoto zambiri akatswiri.

The Mbali yachitatu imene ntchito Kukryniksy anali kupenta. Iwo anajambula zithunzi mtundu wanyimbo, zithunzi, zojambula pa mitu mbiri, kuika maziko a ina yatsopano zaluso - zokomera Kuzindikira. Pa kukhazikitsanso dziko Kukryniksy ntchito kwambiri womkanikizawo, buku zithunzi, zithunzi utoto. Mu 60s, iwo kulenga ambiri mafanizo zapamwamba Russian. Komanso, aliyense wojambula amalenga zawo. Mu 80-90s chifukwa cha msinkhu ojambula zithunzi zawo ntchito zochepa, koma ukwati wawo kulenga ali sanataye mpaka mapeto a moyo.

ntchito yapadera Kukryniksy

ojambula zithunzi Kukryniksy akhala bwino kwambiri, chifukwa pa pensulo awo ndi burashi anasiya ntchito zambiri zodabwitsa. The lodziwika kwambiri anali: mndandanda wa zithunzi satirical la "The Nkhope ya mdaniyo;", akulumikiza mwayi limaonetseratu za chithunzi ndi kupenta easel, ndi triptych "ambuye akale", fanizo mndandanda wa ntchito Gogol ndi ntchito ya Gorky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ilf ndi Petrov, komanso zithunzi zambiri za zaka nkhondo. Dama 'athyola Museum "," dongosolo chilengedwe ndi adani a Moscow "," Kulowera wabwino woyeneradi wina ", komanso zojambula za" Tanya "," The Flight ku Germany ku Novgorod "," The End. "

Zisudzo ndi cholowa Kukryniksy

Mu 1932, woyamba chionetsero Kukryniksy, bungwe ndi limakhulupirira Gorky. Pali waperekedwa andale ndi zoweta zojambula zithunzi, buku zithunzi. Mu 1952, chionetsero chachikulu unachitikira pa Academy of Tirhana wa USSR, limene linkagwiritsidwa ndi kwathunthu ankaimira Kukryniksy zilandiridwenso, komanso kumbali-yekha ntchito za amisiri a Association. Mu 2008, mwambo wa retrospective chionetsero Kukryniksy.

Cartoonists, amene cholowa kumagwirizana ndi mbiri ya boma Soviet, mobwerezabwereza analandira mphoto mulingo wapamwamba ndi mphatso. ntchito yawo kusungidwa mu zakale waukulu wa Russia.

Creative njira Mikhail Kupriyanov

Mikhail Kupriyanov anabadwa mu tauni yaing'ono imene Volga Tetyushi. Kuyambira ali mwana ankakonda kujambula, ine ndinali mu Tashkent ku Central Art situdiyo, pamene iye anatumizidwa ulendo mnyamata. Pakuti zinthu zazikulu kusukulu, iye azikaphunzira mu Moscow mu VHUTEMAS, kumene anakhala membala wa Kukryniksy.

Independent moyo kulenga Kupriyanov zachitika bwinobwino, iye anazindikira monga zojambulajambula a. Iye ankakonda mtundu wanyimbo kwa malo. Lero, amadziwika mndandanda wake wa zojambula ndi maganizo a Leningrad, Nyanja Caspian ndi midzi yake.

Iye anamaliza ntchito yake mu 1991.

Wojambula Porfiry Krylov

Membala wa wachiwiri wa dera Kukryniksy - Porfiry Krylov anabadwa mu Tula. Kuyambira ndili mwana, iye anasonyeza luso luso, iye anaphunzira pa Art situdiyo, ndiye Iye adalowa VHUTEMAS. Kuwonjezera ntchito mu Kukryniksy, anagwira ntchito zojambula, iye anajambula zithunzi, mitunda, komabe lifes. ntchito zake ziri zotolera za kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale ambiri m'dzikoli. lake kunyumba owonetsera zakale chinamasulidwa mu Tula.

Porphyry Nikitich anamwalira mu 1990.

Creative yonena za Nikolai Sokolov

Muscovite Nikolai Sokolov anaphunzitsidwa luso situdiyo ya Proletkult Kenako analowa VHUTEMAS nakhala membala wachitatu wa Kukryniksy. Sokolov unachitikira monga zojambulajambula luso. polemba chinenero akhafunika pikulu akhali m'nyimbo malo. ntchito yake "malo Lermontov a", "Abramtsevo", "Madzulo pa Volga" ndipo ena anali mu zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri mu Russia.

Nikolay Sokolov anamwalira mu 2000.