Penicillin mankhwala: ndege "matsenga chipolopolo"

Penicillin mankhwala - gulu la zinthu antibacterial opangidwa ndi chikhalidwe mafangasi a mtundu Penicillium. Lero, iwo mogwira mtima mankhwala chemo- ndi mankhwala. Monga cephalosporins, mankhwala penicillin wachinsinsi monga mankhwala beta-lactam. Ndi zotsatira amphamvu bactericidal ndi digiri yapamwamba ya ntchito ndi mabakiteriya galamu HIV, ali mofulumira kwambiri ndi wamphamvu zotsatira mumatsatira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda makamaka gawo kuchulukana.

Mbali khalidwe la gulu la mankhwala ndi luso lawo kudutsa mu maselo amoyo ndiponso ndi neutralizing zimakhudzanso kuthetsedwa mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amenewa. Izi khalidwe ofanana mankhwala-cephalosporins ndi penicillin, poyerekeza ndi zomwe ali ndi kukana pang'ono kwambiri beta-lactamases - wapadera michere zoteteza opangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kupezeka kwa penicillin, zoyesa za English wasayansi Aleksandra Fleminga mu 1929, opangidwa imodzi mwa kusintha kwambiri mankhwala. Izo zinayamba kutheka kuti efficiently kuchiza matenda ambiri pamaso zaka ankatengedwa woopsa - mwachitsanzo, m'mapapo kutupa. Ndipo udindo wa penicillin pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ambiri maudindo ndi woyenera maphunziro osiyana sayansi.

Choyamba kupeza lingaliro la mankhwala, ingafooketse tizilombo, koma ndi otetezeka kwa anthu amene anakonza ndipo akuyendera kumayambiriro kwa XIX-XX zaka tate wa mankhwala amphamvu, Paulem Erlihom. Monga mankhwala, iye umapereka ananenapo ngati "matsenga chipolopolo." Chotero mankhwala posakhalitsa amapezeka pakati opangidwa kuchokera kwa ena utoto kupanga. Otchedwa "mankhwala amphamvu" Iwo akhala ngati chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a chindoko. Ndipo ngakhale iwo efficacy ndi chitetezo akhala kutali penicillin ano, iwo anali harbingers woyamba wa mankhwala mankhwala mu lingaliro lamakono.

Current Penicillin mankhwala anasonyeza Mwachangu apamwamba ndi ulemu kwa tizilombo anaerobic. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka otchedwa superpenitsillinov (azlocillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin ndi ena), komanso cephalosporins lachitatu m'badwo, amene ntchito pafupipafupi kupewa zotheka mavuto postoperative. Lero, wamphamvu mankhwala a penicillin gulu ntchito pofuna kuchiza ana, amayi oyembekezera, okalamba, odwala insufficiency aimpso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pachimake nonspecific epididymitis.

Ngakhale kupambana onse kamwedwe ka mankhwala amakono ndi ungwiro wachibale wa kukonzekera Penicillin ndimalota Paulya Erliha a "wangwiro chipolopolo matsenga" si kanthu pamene akuyendera, monga mchere ndi zoipa yambiri. Kodi tinganene chiyani za mankhwala amphamvu ndi oopsa monga mankhwala Penicillin! Zotsatira zake zoyipa deta antibacterials ayenera m'kagulu kuthekera zosiyanasiyana siligwirizana, zochita poizoni ndi chisokonezo cha ntchito m'mimba.