"Night Watch" - Rembrandt

Zaka zana la 17 zinali zodzaza ndi maluwa a sukulu Dutch wa zithunzi, amene anali kugwirizana ndi kubadwa kwa kalasi pakati ndi kupanda kuchipembedzo okhwima a mpingo. The chochitika yamasika kwachititsa chakuti m'malo zojambula pa mitu achipembedzo ojambula zithunzi anayamba kujambula, chosonyeza zithunzi za ku moyo wa m'nthawi yake, komabe lifes ndi okongola. Komanso, masitolo ambiri ndi gulu anayamba kulamula nzika gulu zithunzi. Makamaka, Rembrandt "Night Watch" - chithunzi utoto pa pempho la a sharpshooters wa Netherlands. Lero, iye anazindikira kuti imodzi mwa katswiri wa zojambulajambula, ndi zina zotsala amatha kumasulidwa ndi akatswiri akatswiri, anaphunzira mbiri luso, m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Mlembi wa kupenta "The Night Watch": yonena

Rembrandt Van Reyn anabadwa mu 1606 mu mzinda wa Leiden. Iye anaphunzitsidwa ku sukulu Latin, ntchito pa yunivesite m'derali ndipo mu kufanana ndi makalasi amenewa kupenta, amene adaperekeza wotchuka zojambulajambula Jacob van Svanenbyurh. Ali ndi zaka 17, mnyamatayu anapita ku Amsterdam ndi zaka 4 anatenga maphunziro ku Pieter Lastman, pamene iye anakomana ndi Yanom Livensom. Nditamaliza maphunziro, achinyamata anaganiza kukhazikitsa situdiyo mu Leiden, ndipo m'zaka zingapo adakhoza kukwaniritsa wopambana.

Mu 1631 Rembrandt anabwerera ku Amsterdam, anakwatira mwana wamkazi wa meya Leeuwarden ndipo anayamba kujambula zithunzi za amsterdamtsev olemera. Komabe, banja likhale losangalala inatenga zaka 10: mu 1641-mamita wojambula m'manda mkazi wake wokondedwa, anachoka ndi mwana wazaka mu manja ake.

Makasitomala a "Night Watch"

chaka A pambuyo pa imfa iyi Rembrandt analandira kuti lalikulu khumi riflemen molamulidwa ndi Frans Kutsekedwa koka - lemba gulu chithunzi cha kampani yawo, umene analonjezedwa, ndipo kenako analipira 1600 florins. Lero, intaneti chikudziwika ngati "Night Watch" - chithunzi, amene ankaona wotsogolera wa m'madera amenewo a kupenta monga Kuzindikira ndi impressionism. Mwatsoka, zosiyana, kuphatikizapo makasitomala, Sanayamikire ntchito zimenezi, ndipo n'chifukwa kuzirala kwa anthu kuti chithunzicho, zomwe pamapeto pake zinachititsa kuti umphawi wake.

"Tsiku Watch"

Kodi otchulidwa chinsalu imeneyi, zili zidutswa zina zomwe zopitirira zana la kusamvetsetsana pakati pa akatswiri ndi okonda zojambulajambula? Choyamba, tiyenera ananena kuti filimu "Night Watch", pomwe zithunzi Tingaone pafupifupi timabuku odzipereka ku ntchito ya Rembrandt, chosonyeza zochitika za kukonzekera perete lapansi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kanthu udzachitika madzulo. Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani chithunzicho chisoni utoto ndi utoto madzulo? Izi chithunzi kwa nthawi yaitali sanapereke zina ofufuza za. Komabe, njira kunapezeka kuti lophweka, kuyambira pa kubwezeretsedwa, zinadziwika kuti kusowa zounikira - si chipangizo luso, ndi mwaye mwachizolowezi. Komanso, anapezeka kuti dzina "Night Watch" kupenta analandira ndi m'zaka za m'ma 19. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, lero, wake umenewu ndi Rembrandt Zikuoneka kuti alendowo wa State Museum wa Amsterdam mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi mosasintha amalemekezedwa connoisseurs wa luso.

chinsalu kukula

Makulidwe chilengedwe cha Rembrandt, bungwe la kampani ya oponya mivi asilikali boma ndi 437 ndi 363 masentimita Komabe, chinapezeka kuti ukonde ndi lero chikudziwika ngati "Night Watch." - The chithunzi, kuimira gawo lalikulu la apachiyambi, poyamba kukhala zoikamo wokulirapo. mfundo ndi yakuti, pa zifukwa zosadziwika, chidutswa chosonyeza Jacobs Dirksen de A Roy ndi Jan Bryugmana pambuyo pake kudula. Mwamwayi, kope anapanga m'zaka 17 Gerrit Lyundensom apereka umboni wa mmene choyambirira ankawoneka ngati pamaso kuwonongeka.

"Night Watch": malongosoledwe a chithunzi

Pa nsalu limasonyeza gulu la musketeers kutsogoleredwa ndi Captain Kok, amene anavala malaya wakuda ndi gesticulating, akupereka kuti msilikali galimoto Reytenbyurgu. Kumbuyo ndi musketeer otsiriza Leydekers Jan Clasen, pamene chapansipansi mu yamphamvu limasonyeza Spearman Jan Okkersen. fanizo lina kukopa tcheru - ndi anavala malaya wofiyira Jan Van der Hede, Komatsu musket. anthu onsewa amacheza ndi anthu ena ambiri, ena amene alibe ubale kwa mibvi. Mwachitsanzo, kwa tsiku lino maganizo chithunzi cha mtsikana Akukonzetsa golide kavalidwe, chifukwa si bwino cholinga chimene wojambula zotsatirazi kamwana pakati pa amuna onyamula zida. Izi kamodzinso zimatsimikizira view kuti "Night Watch" - chithunzi zonse za zinsinsi.

Tsoka zina mwa zojambula

Pamene Rembrandt anapereka kupenta mivi membala ankhondo, iwo sakanakhoza kubisa anakhumudwa, chifukwa zimene anaona sanali zizigwirizana ziphunzitso za gulu chithunzi, alipo pa nthawi imeneyo. Makamaka, makasitomala anali kuyembekeza kuti iwo akanati ankaimira pafupifupi monga kujambula zithunzi tsopano kupereka ophunzira kukhala zithunzi za makolo imasonyeza mapeto a chaka sukulu. M'malo mwake, chithunzicho anawapatsa lona amene anali odzaza ndi zilembo osadziwika, ndi mivi anali chapansipansi, ndi akalumikidzidwa awo pafupifupi wosaoneka. Choncho, chithunzi, chimene chimatengedwa ngati mwaluso wa onse, amene ali kale zaka 200 akuyendayenda zilandiridwenso Rembrandt sanapeze kuvomereza m'mibadwo yake. Ndiponso, kwa zaka zambiri iye anakhala kumeneko limodzi la kumadera holo mudzi, pamene iye - osasamalika - sanapezeke wojambula Van Deyk, razglyadevshy pansi fumbi la dzina la wolemba.

"Night Watch": nthano CINYENGO

Lero, mmodzi zambiri inadza monga kafotokozedwe lachilendo la Rembrandt, kuti munthu yekhayo kudabwa umbuli wa anthu amene mukupanga nawo. Mwachitsanzo, ena zoyerekeza-ofufuza posachedwapa anasonyeza chiphunzitso chakuti manja onse a m'nkhaniyi zikusonyeza awiri amsterdamtsev lodziwika wasonyeza kumanzere (kuchokera mwa omvetsera) m'mphepete mwa chinsalu, amene analamula kupha wa mkulu galimoto Reytenbyurga. Komanso, iwo amadzinenera kuti ndi zotheka kuti unmask akufuna kundipha wa Rembrandt anakwiyitsa oipa, ndipo iwo anachita chirichonse Scott mu wojambula umphawi. Koma ziyenera kuti kapitawo anati wafa yekha mu 1657, ndi wojambula sakanatha kudziwa kuti akuyembekezera galimoto Reytenbyurga zaka 15 pambuyo polenga "Night Watch".

3D-chitsanzo cha "Night Watch"

ntchito Rembrandt, amene, pambuyo kupenta Kufotokoza oponya mivi asilikali anaimitsa kulandira malangizo ndiponso anafa pa umphawi, wachidwi luso okonda ndi m'zaka za m'ma 19. Masiku ano, ntchito ndiponso zina zachidule yotentha ndi wojambula imeneyi, anagulitsa pa yobetcherana kwa limanena lowoneka, ndi zojambula wake amaonedwa kukhala zakale waukulu yokongoletsera zopereka dziko.

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, Russian ziboliboli Mikhail Dronov ndi Alexander Taratynov anaganiza zopanga "Night Watch" 3D-chitsanzo. Bwaloli 22 zamkuwa kanjedza kakulidwe anthu, akubwerezedwa zonse zokhudza fanizo la zilembo za Matchalitchi wotchuka. Today ntchito izi chokongoletsedwa ndi Rembrandt Square mu Amsterdam ndi chotchuka kwambiri mwa alendo.

Pamene munthu akufuna kuti ndikuuzeni inu za "Night Watch", za chithunzi, ziribe kanthu momwe amphumphu mwatsatanetsatane kungakhale, sangathe kupereka kuganiza kuti chimafuna onse amene amapezeka kutsogolo wake umenewu mu holo ya State Museum wa Amsterdam. Ndipo aliyense akuyang'ana zithunzi kapena kudikira 3D-chitsanzo, "Penyani" adzaukitsa Russia.