Mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi - ndi chiyani ichi? Mitundu ya mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi

Kwa nthawi yaitali anthu ena anayesa kuthetsa mavuto, akunde ululu. Kwa zaka zambiri, asayansi woyamba njira kuchotsa pa opaleshoni mumamva nkhawa. Ndipo kokha pamene mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi pa kupangidwa, kunakhala kotheka.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za

Mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi - imfa zosakhalitsa ululu tilinazo. Kale ankaperekerako decoctions mankhwala, infusions, ayezi, poppy, mowa kuledzera. Ntchito zonse zimene akanatha ngakhale pang'ono m'molema kumva ululu.

Kupezeka kwa katundu mankhwala ochititsa cocaine maziko a mankhwala ochititsa m'deralo. Komabe, malumikizanidwe amphamvu ndi mkulu kawopsedwe zovuta yaikulu njira imeneyi. Kenako, panali mankhwala "Novocaine," lomwe mu 1905 ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo.

N'zovuta kumvetsa mmene njira zambiri ankachiritsa popanda oblegchitelnogo zotsatira analgesic. Mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi - ndi mwayi wapadera:

• kupulumutsa wodwalayo ululu komanso kupweteka;
• kulenga zinthu zofunika ntchito opaleshoni.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya

Njira iliyonse ali njira yake analgesic kanthu pa thupi la munthu, ndi zovuta za ndondomeko. Lero pali mitundu ingapo ya izo:

• mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo;
• dera;
• mawaya;
• ambiri ochititsa dzanzi.

Woyamba mitundu itatu ya mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi - ichi usokoneze zimachitika kufala kuchokera chogwirika, kutentha, ululu zolandilira ya ubongo. Kuya kwa mankhwala oletsa ululu ndipo nthawi zimadalira m'dera la mankhwala, buku ake ndi ndende komanso njira ndi malo oyamba. deta ochititsa dzanzi ntchito mankhwala:

• "Lidocaine wa".
• "Novocaine".
• "Marcaine".
• "Bupivacaine".
• "Naropin."

mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo

Zofala mtundu wa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi. Local ochititsa dzanzi - mwayi waukulu kupanga opaleshoni yosavuta zazing'ono. Ndi ambiri mwa kufunika mu mano, ena popanga munthu opaleshoni. Local ochititsa dzanzi - mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ichi, chimene amapangidwa m'njira zingapo. Tiyeni tione iwo.

jekeseni mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi

njira zachokera oyamba a mankhwala ochititsa mu zigawo. Poyamba singano woonda intracutaneously kutumikiridwa mankhwala. A otchedwa "kupindika la ndimu peel." Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito singano yaitali, umene umabala zigawo zofunika minofu kusalola. Mu lanu ntchito amapezeka molekezera mitsempha. Kwa njirayi, ndende njira ntchito 0,125-0,5%.

Ululu mtima akukumana, koma zomverera zosasangalatsa ali.

mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi anamaliza ntchito

Kodi mtundu wa mankhwala oletsa ululu? njirayi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito gel osakaniza ndi mafuta, pulasitala wina wa emulsion kwa malo aang'ono a khungu kapena mucosa. mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi uyu ali lalifupi ndi kungotengeka. Izo ntchito njira maloboleznennyh pa malo aang'ono a khungu.

zosokonezeka zotheka wa mankhwala ochititsa izi - ndi matupi awo sagwirizana anachita.

conduction ochititsa dzanzi

njirayi imagwiridwa ndi dokotala, ndi dzanzi zambiri. Choncho, conduction ochititsa dzanzi - ndichiyani? Choncho otchedwa kugwiritsira analgesic mankhwala kudera la mitsempha conductive kapena thunthu mitsempha pa mtunda wina ku dera ntchito. Izi zimathandiza kuti tikwaniritse anatseka misewu ya nyemba.

mpheto choterocho si kumatha chiopsezo kuwonongeka kwa ozungulira chotengera kupanga lalikulu kukula hematomas. N'zothekanso kuwononga mitsempha, ndi thunthu. zotsatira zoipa kungayambitse chisokonezo yaitali khungu tilinazo, imfa ya minofu kugwira minofu. Wodwalayo adzafunika nthawi yaitali ndinachira.

munda chipika ochititsa dzanzi

analgesia amenewa opangidwa ndi dzanzi odziwa. Ndi njira otchuka. mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi Regional ntchito chowawa, zoopsa ndi chochuluka ntchito. Pali mitundu iwiri ya kukhudzana.

msana ochititsa dzanzi

njirayi, umene umatchedwanso subarachnoid kapena msana. Zimatengera oyamba ndi mankhwala ochititsa m'dera mu ngalande msana. Zona wapadera chabwino singano, amene anayambitsa 1-3 ml ya mankhwala pa mfundo zenizeni.

Msana ochititsa dzanzi - izo ndi chitsimikizo chonse kuti chingwe msana si mwangozi kuonongeka. "Mphulupulu" Izi kwathunthu inathetsedwa, chifukwa mankhwala ochititsa ndi jekeseni pa milingo wapadera pa zimene chingwe msana akusowa.

zotsatira Analgesic akwaniritsa pambuyo mphindi 1-3. Motero, malingana ndi mankhwala ochititsa, ndi kumatenga Mphindi 40 120.

Mpheto ndi sabweretsa chisoni. Imakhala zotsatira zabwino analgesic. Chifukwa nyemba anatseka misewu akwaniritsa zosangalatsa wathunthu minofu.

epidural ochititsa dzanzi

Chotero mpheto ya dzuwa ndi ntchito ya njira ya ofanana zedi ndi chingwe msana. Koma ali kusiyana kwake epidural. Izi munazipereka, ndi akuluakulu awiri singano. Chachiwiri, pa makonzedwe kuti n'zopanda kwa ngalande msana. Mankhwala ochititsa ndalama chofunika (kawirikawiri 10 20 ml) kukupitirira Mater. Iye amatsuka galimoto komanso kwenikweni mizu mitsempha.

Ngati ife kulankhula za nthawi, ndiye ndi epidural - mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ndi maminiti 40-120. Chimodzimodzi monga mu ndondomeko msana. Komabe, njira imeneyi ali ndi mwayi. Kudzera lumen la singano akhoza kuchititsa mu malo epidural wa catheter wapadera. Izi zimathandiza kuti atchule ndi mankhwala ochititsa ngati n'koyenera mobwerezabwereza. Choncho, n'zotheka kuti tidzakhale analgesia kwa 7-8, ndi maola zina zambiri.

Mphamvu ya mankhwala ochititsa ndi amadalira mankhwala kutumikiridwa, ndende zake ndi mlingo. Njira imeneyi imagwira mpumulo ululu kufunika kwakukulu ambiri popanga munthu opaleshoni. Epidural ochititsa dzanzi ntchito pobereka, cesarean gawo. Ndi chofunika kwambiri pa matenda a syndromes zosiyanasiyana ululu wa khalidwe aakulu.

zotsatira zotheka

Ngati bwanji mavuto, m'pofunika kutsindika kuti iwo n'zochepa kwambiri. Odwala pambuyo mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi dera zingaoneke:

1. Mutu. Ndi iye anakumana ndi odwala pambuyo njira msana.
2. Kupweteka msana. kusapeza The kuumva kwa nthawi yaitali. zodabwitsazi zimawonedwa pambuyo epidural lapansi.
3. kuchepetsa kuthamanga. Pali yowonjezera ya ziwiya zing'onozing'ono. Izi zimayambitsa kusokonekera chidwi za magazi ku periphery wa njira chapakati.
4. Epidural hematoma pambuyo choipa, mtima plexus. Ndi mmene anthu ndi wotsikirapo magazi clotting. Hematoma umalimbikitsa mizu msana. Wodwala akumva kuphwanya khungu tilinazo m'dera limeneli ndi ululu.
5. Total msana chipika. mavuto aakulu, zomwe pafupifupi sachiranso ndiponso akufuna moyo wodwalayo. yosowa kwambiri. Kungakhale ndi kudwala mwangozi puncture oziziritsa Dura Mater, mmene ngalande msana angamachite kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ochititsa anafuna athandizira epidural.

General ochititsa dzanzi

Pamene njirayi imathetsa oziziritsa kotekisi ndi zina nyumba subcortical. Pamene mankhwala oletsa ululu kwambiri anakhudzidwa ngakhale kupuma ndi vasomotor malo mu za medulla oblongata. Komabe, ululu zikhumbo akadali kulowa ubongo. Komabe, maganizo awo komanso mmene akulephera.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri:

• mtsempha;
• inhalation.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale mavuto ndi zotheka kwa mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala, zotsatira n'zochepa kwambiri. zotsatira zosangalatsa zimatheka chifukwa cha mphamvu ndi chidziwitso cha dzanzi ndi. Kuti akhoza patsogolo kuoneratu mavuto zotheka ndi zosokonezeka. Choncho, adokotala amati njira yabwino mpumulo ululu, ndi njira zonse kuteteza mwana kumabweretsa.

Kwa opaleshoni ikuchitika hardware zonse ndi polojekiti zasayansi. ankalamulira basi kuthamanga, ndi magwiridwe a mtima, magazi mpweya machulukitsidwe. Pa njira yaitali pansi atafufuza, amene kulamulira ntchito zonse zofunika za thupi.