Ndende njira

Ndende njira - lingaliro zachilendo onse mu ulimi sayansi, ndi lotanthauzira banja - amadziwika kapangidwe kachulukidwe wa zikuchokera njira iliyonse. Malinga ndi mfundo ndi matanthauzo IUPAC (mayiko kaundula wa mankhwala) pa ndende ndi amatanthauza kulemera chiŵerengero cha mankhwala ndi njira. Muyeso wa chiŵerengero imeneyi imagwiridwa mu mayunitsi a Mole / L kapena g / L.

Ngati tikambirana zinthu, zomwe chiwerengero tingasonyezere ndi yofanana mfundo (mwachitsanzo, kulemera kwa thupi), amasonyeza chiŵerengero analandira lobes, komabe chofala kwambiri ntchito ndi mfundo analandira njira ndende.

Pali zingapo zimene mungachite chimene kusonyeza kwambiri. Pakuti njira zambiri ntchito mawu a dongosolo njira ya misa ndi buku (zakumwa) PERCENTAGE lingapereke ndende mu timadontho-timadontho, mopitirira, ndende njira ya tingasonyezere zofanana gram. Nthawi zina, ntchito ndende ya njira chinyezimiro kudzera titer kapena chinkafunika molarity.

Childs, ndende njira imene musati amafuna mogometsa kwambiri mu mawu ake, kusonyeza chiwerengero ndi kulemera. Apo, kumene mkulu molondola, ntchito njenjete, maudindo, kapena galamu-zofanana.

Pogwiritsa Ntchito kulemera peresenti ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ulamuliro, malinga ndi zomwe anthu ambiri akuti zili chomwecho mayunitsi Mwachitsanzo, angati magalamu a chinthu ali ndi ena chiwerengero cha magalamu a njira. Sangakhoze amaphatikiza magalamu ndi mayunitsi chinyezimiro buku (Mwachitsanzo: chiwerengero cha magalamu a mankhwala mu Botolo 100 njira).

Mwachitsanzo, ngati tiyenera kusonyeza zikuchokera yankho 10% ya mchere ndi sodium wa chilinganizo momwe NaCl, ndiye bwino moti 100 gram njira limapangidwa magalamu 10 mchere ndi 90 ga madzi. Zikatero, ngati ndende chikuperekedwa mayunitsi kulemera peresenti zinthu (mwachitsanzo, 25% njira), ndipo kufunika kwa ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa njira kuti izo zinali ndendende ndi chinaneneratu kuchuluka kwa zinthu (mwachitsanzo, 5 g), njira ayenera kumwedwa chifukwa misa (muchisanzo chimenechi - ndi 20 g).

Iwo ali chilinganizo yake aliyense chinyezimiro zosinthika ndende. Choncho, ngati anthu ambiri njira ntchito, mfundo ndi:

C = m1 / m, m'mene: m1 - Unyinji wa chinthu kusungunuka mu njira ndi m'kukoma magalamu kapena makilogalamu, mamita - Unyinji wa njira choonetsedwa mu mayunitsi chomwecho.

Ndende molar pawiri mu njira anatsimikiza mfundo: C (M) = N / V, kumene N - kuchuluka kwa thunthu mu timadontho-timadontho, V - voliyumu ya yankho malita. Pogwiritsa ntchito galamu-zofanana chilinganizo amatenga mawonekedwe: C (N) = z / V, kumene V - buku la njira, m'kukoma malita, z - chiwerengero pazikhala kufanana.

Pa nthawi imene osalimba odziwika njira yabwino kwambiri kuimira izo mu Volume. Koma ichi ndi mlandu pankhani mwachilungamo moyikirapo njira (zosakwana 1%), chifukwa zolakwa mu mulandu, angakhale ang'ono.

M'kukoma timadontho-timadontho a ndende mu molarity amatchedwa zimapangidwira. Ngati inu mukuti, "molar njira" zikutanthauza kuti okwanira 1 madzi zili 1 Mfuko la zinthu. njira yotero amatchedwa "molar".

Ngati ndende chimaoneka ndi nambala ya galamu-zofanana, zomwe zili mu gulu buku la madzi, mu nkhani iyi, iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "normality", limene limasonyeza kuti Mwachitsanzo, mu 1 lita imodzi ya madzi 1 galamu ofanana. Nthawi zambiri, monga njira amangotchedwa kuti yachibadwa.

Nkhani amachita ndi yekhayo ena waukulu njira zofotokozera ndende. Nthawi zina, pamene izo zifika ku njira zovuta, ndi mayunitsi ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa cholinga ichi.