Boris Rauschenbach: yonena ndi chithunzi

Academician Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah - Soviet Russia ndi otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse wasayansi, m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa wa astronautics mu USSR. Kukhala sayansi ndi, makaniko, iye si okha specialization izi. Boris V. a ntchito sayansi m'munda wa mbiri luso, mbiri ya chipembedzo, komanso ntchito journalistic nkhani zambiri chi zimene zinatchuka padziko lonse. Iye wakhala yosamalira kayendedwe ka Russian Germany kwa chitsitsimutso cha dziko.

Biographies asayansi

Boris Rauschenbach anabadwa mu Petrograd (tsopano St. Petersburg) January 18, 1905 mu banja la Russian Germany.

Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, mnyamata nawo ntchito mu fakitale ndege mu Leningrad. Limatchula za mbewu zinathandiza kwambiri tsoka lake: mu 1932 anayamba kuphunzira pa Institute of Civil Akatswiri zombo Leningrad akuyamba kuchita motsetsereka. Minibasi kwachititsa mnzake ndi SERGEY Pavlovich Korolev, ndi mtsogolo, ndi kugwirizana naye mu roketi ndi danga makampani a sayansi Soviet.

Mu 1937, Rauschenbach anasamukira ku likulu kugwira ntchito gulu roketi Institute Research, kutsogozedwa ndi Sergei Korolev. Choncho Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, chithunzi ndi dzina lake kenako anakhalabe taboo kwa nthawi yaitali kwa anthu, wawuka mwa msilikali wa omwe adayambitsa pulogalamu Soviet danga.

Kenako inali ntchito pa chomera chitetezo ku Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg lero), umene anasamutsidwa roketi Institute Research mu November 1941 (RNII).

M'chaka cha 1942 Rauschenbach anamangidwa ndipo anatumizidwa ku msasa chabe chifukwa chakuti iye anali German. Mu msasa ntchito, Boris V. akugwirabe ntchito pa homing zipolopolo odana ndege anapezazo ndege ake. Zinaonetsa kudziwika ndege mlengi Viktorom Bolhovitinovym. Uyamiko kwa Iye, mu 1945 Rauschenbach Anam'samutsira Nizhny Tagil mu malo a Mlendo wapadera.

Mu 1948, ndi mutu watsopano RNII Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach afika NII-1 kwa Utumiki wa Aviation Makampani mkulu wa dipatimenti.

Mu 1955, Rauschenbach pochitika Sergeyu Korolevu, kumene yoyamba anayamba kuphunzira lathu ndi zoyenda pa galimoto danga.

Rauschenbach banja ndi chiyambi chake

YOSIMBIDWA Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, banja lake anaonekera mu Russia m'zaka XVIII. Mu 1766, Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri bungwe ndawala asamutsiramo Germany mu Russia. Zikomo kuti mfundo imeneyi, ndipo apo panali kholo la wasayansi Karl-Friedrich Rauschenbach ndi mkazi wake m'dera Volga.

Bambo wa sayansi ya, Victor Ya (dzina pakati likuchokera ku dzina la agogo ake Yakobo), anali wochokera kudera Volga, dera, umene panthawi imeneyo anapanga njuchi chifukwa atsamunda German. Ophunzira ku Germany, ndiye iye anakakhala bwana wa luso pa zikopa "Skorokhod".

Malinga ndi Maulendo a Boris Viktorovich, bambo ake anali okoma mtima ndi kukhululukira munthu. Pamene mnyamata anakulira, Victor Ya kwambiri anam'bweretsera tanthauzo la kunyada kwa chiyambi German. Pa nthawi yomweyo anachita izo mwangwiro.

Rauschenbach mayi, Leontine Fridrihovna (kalembedwe Russian - F.) Gallico anabadwa mu Estonia (Saaremaa), anachokera - Baltic German. Ankadziwa zinenero zinayi - Russian, German, French ndi Estonia, zomwe zina chinathandiza ntchito zake Russia mu bonnoy olemera banja. Pambuyo banja lake anakhala mayi wokhala pakhomo.

Amayi anali okhwima kwambiri koma chilungamo mphunzitsi, ngakhale mwa chirengedwe - wansangala, amphamvu ndi wansangala munthu. Zinali iye amene anaika ana awo (mlongo Boris ndi Karin Elena) luso kutaya mzimu mavuto a tsiku ndi tsiku amene anawathandiza m'tsogolo. Boris Rauschenbach, amene yonena linadzaza ndi zoterezi zikhoza moyenera moyo zanu zodabwitsa.

Boris Rauschenbach zaka khumi ndi zisanu mosatsata bambo wake: iye afa pa zaka makumi asanu ndi matenda a mtima.

mayi ake anamwalira pambuyo pankhondo. Imfa ya amayi Boris adzionera okha umboni molimba kwambiri kuti - mlongo kalata yake, chomwe Mulungu sanamukhululukire.

moyo

adzawonongedwa, Vera Mikhailovna, Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah anakumana mu Moscow, kumene anasamukira mu 1937, monga shipbuilding ndi makampani apanyanja mu Leningrad iye sanali chidwi. Pa nthawi imeneyi dziko la anagubuduza funde la kumangidwa ndi Rauschenbach, ndi German mosavuta kukhala m'misasa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anakankhira wamng'ono wasayansi kusamukira ku likulu, pamene palibe umodzi zidamdziwa Iye.

Posachedwa Boris mu nyumba kumene ankakhala ndi anzake, akhazikika kwa Woman Vera. Vera M. anabadwa mu Kramatorsk (Ukraine). Ndinabwera Moscow kuphunzira. Mpaka kugona wina ankakhala ndi amalume ake, amene anali mkulu positi. Komabe, pa May 19, iye anamangidwa ndipo kenako anamuombera ndi Mkazi anathamangitsidwa. Choncho Vera anali mu nyumba kumene ankakhala Rauschenbach.

Achinyamata tinakwatirana nkhondo isanayambe, 24 May 1941. Malinga ndi Maulendo a Rauschenbach, molondola kulembetsa wakhala amafotokozedwa "mipando 12" ndi Ilf ndi Petrov. Zinali zosangalatsa ... iwo sadzakhala polekanitsa ndi nthawi imeneyi, ngakhale pamene Boris V. anali ali m'ndende (mkazi wake nthawi zambiri ankabwera).

Iye ankaganiza Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, moyo zachitika bwinobwino, ngakhale mavuto a moyo. Iwo ndi ana zodabwitsa ndi adzukulu. Kwa ena ndi n'zosadabwitsa kuti kwa zaka zambiri Vera M. - mkazi yekha.

Njira mu danga

Monga wasayansi, Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich anasonyeza akadali pa Leningrad ndege fakitale nambala 23, kumene ankachita nawo ntchito yomanga ndi chiyesedwe cha glider lapansi. Ntchito zathandiza kulemba mapepala oyamba sayansi, mutu umene unali bata kotenga la ndege tailless. Mutu womwewo wa Boris Rauschenbach chinkhoswe mu RNII Mfumukazi, koma tsopano ntchito a mizinga wovuta.

Mu 1938, ntchitoyi iime chifukwa cha kumangidwa kwa Mfumukazi, ndi Rauschenbach refocused injini ndege, chiphunzitso cha kuyaka.

Gulag si chopinga wasayansi: mumsasa anali kugwira ntchito pa homing odana ndege zipolopolo, kuti m'tsogolo kuti apeze kunja kwa msasa, kukhala osamuka wapadera ndi kupitiliza ntchito zake RNII.

Mu 1948, chifukwa mutu watsopano wa chida Institute Research Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach anabwerera ku Moscow, kumene SRI-1 chinkhoswe ramjet injini, womwe kugwedera kuyaka ndi Phokoso lamayimbidwe mu mtundu uwu wa engine.

Mu 1955, Boris V. anapita ku ntchito Mfumukazi, kumene yasayansi anali ndi mwayi wapadera - nthawi yoyamba padziko kugwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi lathu ndi kayendedwe ka magalimoto m'malere. Kenako, chifukwa mbali ntchito kuwombera wake wa Moon ndi Soviet spacecraft "Luna-3" unachitika. Mu 1960, ngongole Rauschenbach anali kupereka kwa Lenin Prize.

Mu 1958, Boris V. kumbuyo nkhani yolembedwa wake digirii (PhD kumbuyo mu 1948).

pasanathe zaka khumi kwa asayansi kuzindikira interplanetary siteshoni ndege maganizo ulamuliro dongosolo "Venus", "Mars", "kafukufuku" spacecraft mu mode basi ndi Buku.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, amene yonena wakhala kwambiri zogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, Komanso anatenga mbali pokonza ndi kukhazikitsa ndege ya cosmonaut woyamba Yuri Gagarin.

Mu 1966, Boris V. osankhidwa membala lolingana wa Academy of Sciences (AS) wa USSR, ndipo zaka makumi awiri anakhala membala wodzala ndi Academy of Sciences.

Iconography ndi Rauschenbach

Monga wasayansi mwanthabwala ananena kuti sakanatha kuthana ndi mutu sayansi, ngati kale ntchito pa zoposa khumi asayansi ena. Ndipo ndi mu kufanana ndi ntchito pa danga anayamba kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zomwe ana amakumana ndi chinthu chatsopano, koma unexplored, monga zojambulajambula, iconography.

Boris Rauschenbach, kumulakalaka mbiri yomwe chidawoneka mwana, ankakonda kuyenda kwambiri, makamaka m'mizinda ndi mbiri yakale. Pang'onopang'ono koma bwino chidwi sayansi anayamba kuoneka zithunzi. chakuti iye anali manyazi njira kulanda danga iwo, "n'zosiyana kaonedwe", n'kosathandiza ndi chosiyana malamulo odziwika kujambula.

Chidwi kaonedwe n'zosiyana wakhalanso zogwirizana ndi njira ya zipangizo mavuto docking m'malere.

Asayansi anayamba kufufuza zodabwitsazi. Komabe, iye anaganizira ntchito ya diso, ubongo. Kuti tichite zimenezi anayenera kusankha ikulongosola masamu a ntchito ubongo. Chifukwa, Rauschenbach anazindikira kuti zithunzi zonse izi zodabwitsa zachilengedwe ndi mosalephera.

Iye ankaganiza Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, iconography ndi weniweni wosiyana kuposa amene akuwona chifukwa cha zina chipangizo diso. Chifukwa, chizindikirochi zimatipanga ife tikukhulupirira kuti dziko kwenikweni bwino ndi bwino.

Rauschenbach ankakhulupirira kuti n'zosatheka kumvetsa mafano, posadziwa zamulungu. Ndipo iye anayamba kuphunzira zamulungu, ngakhale chinachake olembedwa mu munda, makamaka Utatu ( "Nzeru ya Utatu").

Msewu wopita Orthodoxy

Boris Rauschenbach pa ubatizo mu 1915 chinalembedwa mu chikhulupiriro atate wake - Reformed. chikhulupiriro chimene chinali pa nthawi imeneyo pafupifupi 20% ya Russian Germany.

Tikumbukenso kuti anthu otsutsa Chikatolika mosiyana Achilutera sakuzindikira mafano, musagwiritsire ntchito chizindikiro cha mtanda. Koma kenako lamulo la Mfumu Alexander I ndipo Nicholas Ine, Kuwasintha ndi Achilutera akhala ophatikizidwa mu mpingo umodzi, ndipo Boris anapita ndi mayi ake mpingo wa Chilutera, ngakhale kuti mzindawu unali mpingo Reformed. Komabe, pa zifukwa zosadziwika Rauschenbach osati kukhala membala wa mpingo Reformed, koma ulemu wake, fano lake anali.

Kufuna chipembedzo Boris V. anamva bwanji pambuyo msasa. Iye anayamba nawo mpingo Orthodox, anatenga mabuku ndi zogwirizana, anayamba kutsatira ntchito mu mpingo, koma anabatizidwa mwamsanga yekha asanafe.

Rauschenbach anakumbukira kuti ntchito bwino mwa dongosolo lawo pa Launch wa spacecraft lotsatira nthawi anadzuka ndipo anapangidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha mtanda.

Pa phwando mu boma la Russia pa nthawi ya Launch wa spacecraft woyamba Boris V. yekhayo kupereka munthu adadza kuna kuitana oimira Mpingo Orthodox, amene kumene, kodi sizikugwirizana mu chipika chochitika.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, mabuku ndi nkhani zomwe zili ponseponse, analibe maganizo kachitidwe kawo alipo kudziwa dziko - chipembedzo ndi sayansi. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti pali kaphatikizidwe wa iwo.

Mu 1987, m'magazini ya "Communist" Academician Rauschenbach inalemba nkhani odzipereka kwa chikumbutso 1000th wa Ubatizo wa Lazaro. Mmenemo wasayansi ananena kufunika kwa chochitika boma Russian. August "chikominisi" chipinda nthawi yomweyo agulitsa, ngakhale pa kiosk wa CPSU.

Patapita zaka zingapo akubwera ntchito ina academician - ". Nzeru ya Utatu" Nkhani chifukwa anachita ena, kumatikumbutsabe amene amamva choncho.

Rauschenbach cha Utatu

Boris Rauschenbach cha Utatu anali chiweruzo chake kuti apatsa m'buku lake "Nzeru za Utatu." Malinga ndi iye, mpingo m'chiphunzitso chake anapereka chigamulo mwangwiro zolondola amutsutsa zinalimbana - mawu a Mulungu ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo ngati wa ku ndi monad.

Wasayansi ananena kuti nkhani panopa mfundo za chikhulupiriro Orthodox zikuwoneka ngati kuchoka ku tizikhulupiriro, chifukwa amanena kuti munthu aliyense mu Utatu - Mulungu. Womwewo anati ndi pemphero.

Boris Rauschenbach, "Nzeru ya Utatu," chomwe ndi kuyesa kumvetsa zokambirana Florensky ndi E. N. Trubetskogo wa utatu wa Mulungu, kubwera ku izi pamaso pa sayansi. Tikumbukenso kuti wasayansi pa mphamvu Soviet anachita chidwi pa nkhani za maphunzira auzimu, ngakhale zinkachitika mu zaka kulibe Mulungu zigawenga.

Iye ali chidwi, kodi n'zotheka kuti mwachindunji kutenga lingaliro la kachikhulupiriro kwapatsidwa mwa Atate Florensky, koma Muwamange ndi zina zomveka chitsanzo. Ngati zimenezi sizingatheke, ndiye munthu akhulupirira mwa Mulungu, osati mu absurdity alipo, ngakhale popanda ena maganizo.

N'zosadabwitsa Rauschenbach anapeza chitsanzo masamu kufotokoza mfundo za chizindikiro cha chikhulupiriro, mbalume zake Utatu. chitsanzo ichi anasonyeza kuti vekitala ndi zigawo zake atatu atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena ntchito dongosolo.

akayanjana: chiphunzitso cha Utatu (Utatu) anali zoyenera ofunda maganizo. chochitika angayerekezedwe ndi kuphulika kwa bomba. Inde, "nzeru yake ya Utatu" Chofunikira kwambiri, koma zilibe kutha chidziwitso cha Mulungu, popeza kwenikweni kudziwa Mulungu ali wopandamalire.

A nzika ya dziko lawo

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, mabuku, nkhani yomwe nthawi zambiri zinapatsira ndi nkhawa za tsogolo la dziko lawo ndiponso dziko, sanapirire penyani chimene chikuchitika pomwe iye ali. The umphawi watsopano wa anthu Russian, umphawi, sayansi amve ululu ndi mkwiyo mkati. Sanathe kumvetsa kusowa ndalama ndi boma la ndalama za maphunziro, sayansi, pamene mu dziko panali patsogolo zosaneneka za gulu linalake la anthu.

Gaidar ndi "mantha mankhwala" kwa Boris Viktorovich, wapamwamba akatswiri a sayansi, luso, zachuma, ndipo anakhala chitsanzo cha kupanda Luso mu utsogoleri dziko. Rauschenbach ankakhulupirira kuti Russia ayenera kupeza njira yotulukira impasse ndi, asang'ambe chopweteka ku Russia.

"Maganizo wachisoni" Rauschenbach

M'nkhani yake yomaliza "maganizo wachisoni" Boris Rauschenbach akuganizira za tsogolo la anthu onse, ukugwira osati monga nzika ya Russia, komanso nzika zonse za dziko lapansi.

Mutu kwambiri kwa nkhani likunena za chikhalidwe cha mawunikidwe izi. Iwo Rauschenbach alekanitsa lingaliro la demokalase ku kulongolola demokalase umene uli mu dziko lero. Ndipo iye sizikupanga zosiyana kwa Russia.

wolemba imatiuza chakuti milandu onse aakulu anachita pansi mawu demokalase ndi windbags demokalase nthawi zambiri sanamvetsetse ndi zamkhutu kuti akuimira zofuna za anthu kutali ndi mphamvu.

Mu ntchito zake, academician akumufunsira abwereranso ku kutsatira chikhalidwe anthu, ndicho banja, dera. Iye akukhulupirira kuti udindo wa anthu ayenera kukhala apamwamba kuposa ufulu wawo. Rauschenbach amakhulupirira kuti njira iyi yokha adzapulumutsa anthu ake ku chiwonongeko. Winayo anapatsidwa. Komanso, wasayansi amakhulupirira kuti padzakhala boma la dzikoli, amene ndondomeko adzakhala amphamvu, koma kwambiri akatswiri.

Kwa zaka zapitazi, malinga Rauschenbach, anthu anali kusuntha kwina, remaking yekha ndi chikhalidwe. Ndipo, mwatsoka, pali anthu ochepa amene angathe kutsegula maso a anthu kuti zolakwika akale ndi amakono, amene sadaone mapeto.

Pomaliza

Boris Rauschenbach anafa March 27, 2001. manda ake mu Novodevichy manda.

Iye anafa wasayansi mu tsiku Theodore chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. The maliro unachitikira ku St. Nicholas Kuznetsky kachisi. Ichi chinali chifuniro cha wasayansi kwambiri Soviet ndi Russian.

Kudzera mwa iye, anthu mmodzi anafa geniuses ake, nzika ya dziko lapansi.

Mtengo wa zinthu zimene wasayansi kwa sayansi ndi chikhalidwe cha Russia kuti maudindo ndi mphoto. Rauschenbach ndi membala yogwira maphunziro atatu (Academy of Sciences, Academy mayiko a Astronautics ndi Space Academy. Tsiolkovsky). Iye anali kupereka kwa Lenin ndi Demidov Prize, ndi Hero wa Socialist Labor. Kuyang'anira Council Research "History of World Culture" Ras.