Mdima gawo la dzuwa

Mpweya - zofunika kwambiri chigawo chimodzi cha kuli zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi. N'zosadabwitsa kuti chinthu ichi pa dziko, ngakhale ndende wake mu mlengalenga amatipeza amachepetsa malinga asayansi ena, ndi vospolnimo malire. Ngakhale kwambiri chodabwitsa zikuoneka kuti apanga zoposa zipangizo zimene zilipo - madzi, dzuwa ndi mpweya. Ndipo akupereka ndondomeko ya zomera zodabwitsa.

Kumene, tikulankhula za dzuwa - chilengedwe zodabwitsa za chilengedwe. Ngakhale kuti asayansi bwinobwino kuphunzira nkhaniyi, kubwereza mapazi a dzuwa zasayansi zenizeni lero.

Zimenezi zikhoza kugawidwa mu magawo awiri:

• Kuwala amadalira zochita za photosynthesis.
• Mdima gawo la dzuwa.

dzina lawo ndi momveka bwino kuti gawo loyamba la ndondomeko chikuchitika mu kuwala, ndiye ndi nawo dzuwa. Kumachitika kokha masamba obiriwira zomera, chifukwa iwo ali chloroplasts - zinthu mwapadera mu nembanemba zomwe ATP kaphatikizidwe - mamolekyulu imene mphamvu awasungira.

Pamene pali dzuwa photons pa masamba a zomera munali wotchedwa chlorophyll zimachitika akatembenuka dzuwa mphamvu mu mphamvu ya ATP mamolekyulu kale pamwambapa. Komanso, chifukwa Kupha maatomu awiri a hydrogen ku mamolekyulu madzi (amene amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito dzuwa) anapanga NADPH molekyulu. Kuwonongeka kwa molekyulu madzi akapanda maatomu wa hydrogen awiri, ikhala ndi mpweya wa ufulu, akulowa mlengalenga. Choncho, mankhwala a dzuwa mu gawo kuwala - ndi:

• mpweya;
• mphamvu molekyulu ATP;
• NADP atomiki wa hydrogen H2.

Modabwitsa, mapangidwe mpweya ndondomeko iyi si cholinga chachikulu. M'malo mwake, mbali kwenikweni. Kenako gawo mdima wa dzuwa kapena chemosynthesis, omwe amagwira ntchito mankhwala a gawo loyamba. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri.

Inde, cholinga cha ndondomeko si mapangidwe oxygen. Gawo mdima wa dzuwa chikuchitika mu gawo lina la tsamba - mu chloroplast stroma ake. Pakutha kuwala kwake mbewu amalowerera katundu chidwi kuchuluka kwa tinthu mphamvu - ATP ndi NADP H2 gawo choncho kuwala salinso kutero. Ndi kupyolera mamolekyulu awa apanga zinthu organic. M'pake kuti vuto la mphamvu molekyulu ATP - kusowa mphamvu njira ya kaphatikizidwe, pamene ntchito ya NADPH H2 - kuchira.

Kumayambiriro kwa gawo lino, molekyulu ndi oxidized kuchepetsa wothandizila, umene maatomu wa hydrogen awiri kutha, kuti linanena bungwe amapereka molekyulu koyera NADPH. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ATP amapereka zotsalira asidi phosphoric, osatembenukira ku ADP. njira ziwiri izi zimachitika mkati mwa masanjidwewo la chipepalacho. Mamolekyulu kumene analandira ndiye kubwerera anangotsala pang'ono masamba, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kubwereza ndondomeko yonse ya gawo kuwala. Komabe, izi si chinsinsi ndondomeko ya photosynthesis, ife kuzindikiridwa cyclicity ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito zimene zimachitika mu masamba.

Chomaliza mankhwala a imeneyi amakhala Shuga wa M'magazi - ndi pawiri organic, choikidwa dzuwa yosavuta. Kwa nthawi yoyamba nkhani ya kaphatikizidwe wa molekyulu Izi zikhoza Melvin Calvin. Anapeza kuti mamolekyulu onse ali ngati mbali imodzi ya gawo kuwala - mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa wothandizila - amaphatikizidwa kaphatikizidwe. zinthu mopitirira zofunika kukhazikitsa dzuwa achidule 6 mamolekyulu mpweya woipa (CO2), maatomu wa hydrogen 24 6 mamolekyulu wa madzi;

6SO2 + 24H + ATP C6H12O6 + 6N2O.

Gawo mdima wa dzuwa la zomera n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kuwonjezera shuga mu nthawi ici ulikubala zosiyanasiyana amino zidulo, nucleotides, zidulo mafuta ndi glycerol.

Photosynthesis - kwambiri wapadera zachilengedwe ndondomeko. Iwo osati ndi kiyi kukhalabe mlingo zonse mpweya mu mlengalenga ndi ozoni, komanso ndi ungwiro wa chilengedwe pamene zinthu analengedwa kuchokera zochita kupanga organic.