Magetsi mu semiconductors ndi

Magetsi inawadutsa mu semiconductors - imatsogoleredwa kayendedwe ka mabowo ndi ma elekitironi, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi munda magetsi.

Chifukwa cha zinthu zatsopano, izo unkachitika kuti magetsi mu semiconductors si limodzi ndi kulanda nkhani - iwo salolera kusintha mankhwala aliwonse. Choncho, onyamula, ma elekitironi tinganene kuti mu semiconductors.

The luso nkhani kupanga izo ndi zamagetsi titsimikize ndi a madutsidwe yeniyeni. Ndi chizindikiro ichi ochititsa zatenga udindo wapakatikati pakati pa ochititsa ndi insulators. Semiconductors - izi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mchere, zitsulo zina, zitsulo sulfides, etc. Magetsi inawadutsa mu semiconductors ukapezeka ku ndende ya ma elekitironi ufulu zimene zingatichititse directionally mu zinthu. Poyerekeza zitsulo ndi ochititsa, mwina kudziŵika kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa kutentha chikoka pa madutsidwe awo. Kuwonjezeka kutentha akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa kwa madutsidwe wa zitsulo. Mu semiconductors ndi conduction mlingo ukuwonjezeka. Ngati michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi kuwonjezeka kutentha, chisonyezo cha ma elekitironi ufulu adzakhala zosathandiza. Ichi ndi chifukwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mwansanga. Komabe, mu semiconductors poyerekeza ndi zitsulo, izo zayamba kuchuluka kachulukidwe kuwonetsera kwa ma elekitironi ufulu. mfundozi ufalikire pa madutsidwe ndi: ndi mwansanga zambiri, ang'onoang'ono ndi madutsidwe, wamkulu ndende, ndi apamwamba ndi. Mu zitsulo, palibe kudalira pa kutentha ndi ndende ya ma elekitironi free, kotero kuti kusintha madutsidwe ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha amachepetsa okha kuthekera anatilamula zoyenda wa ma elekitironi ufulu. Koma michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi, ndi kuwonetsera zotsatira za kuwonjezeka ndende apamwamba. Choncho, nyamuka kutentha adzakhala wamkulu, zazikulu madutsidwe.

Pali kugwirizana pakati pa gulu la mlandu zonyamulira ndi mawu monga magetsi mu semiconductors. Mu semiconductors, mlandu zonyamulira yodziwika ndi maonekedwe a zinthu zosiyanasiyana, lomwe ndi yovuta kutentha ndi chiyero cha chuma. semiconductors chiyero anawagawa extrinsic ndi mwini.

Koma kondakitala yake, zotsatira zosafunika pa kutentha ena mwina zingakhale zofunikira kwa iwo. Popeza gulu kusiyana kwa semiconductors ndi otsika, mu michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi iko kokha pamene kutentha ukufika ziro mtheradi, pali kudzazidwa kwathunthu ma elekitironi valence. Koma conduction gulu mfulu kwathunthu: palibe madutsidwe magetsi, ndipo umagwira ntchito ngati insulator abwino. Pa kutentha zina, pali kuthekera kuti kusinthasintha matenthedwe wa ma elekitironi yeniyeni Angakugonjetseni chotchinga kuthekera ndi kuonekera mu conduction gulu.

Thomson zotsatira

Mfundo thermoelectric Thomson zotsatira pamene magetsi mu semiconductors, imene pali kutentha masinthidwe amtundu mwa iwo, kupatula Joule kutentha kumasulidwa kapena mayamwidwe ndalama zina kutentha zidzachitika malinga ndi malangizo amene panopa idzayenda.

Osakwanira yunifolomu chitsanzo Kutentha, ndi dongosolo homogeneous amakhudza katundu wake, umene chuma amakhala si yunifolomu. Choncho, Thomson tingati ndi chodabwitsa yeniyeni Peltier. Kusiyana komwe kulipo ndi kuti osiyanasiyana amene sanali mipweya ya chitsanzo, ndiponso kutentha kwa m'maganizo ndi heterogeneity izi.