Asidi akiliriki. Chemical katundu. ntchito

asidi akiliriki - ndi imodzi mwa oimira zosavuta unsaturated monobasic zidulo carboxylic. chilinganizo ake ali motere: CH2 = CH-COOH. Ndi madzi colorless ndi fungo lakuthwa, zosasangalatsa. Sungunuka m'madzi, chloroform, diethyl mowa ndi Mowa, kusuntha zina polymerized kupanga asidi polyacrylic. Mu chidulo akiliriki ali maina ena: Asidiyu etenkarbonovaya acid propenoic.

Momwe (kapena lithe) asidi akiliriki?

1. Pakali pano, asidi akiliriki amapangidwa ndi nthunzi gawo makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa propylene ndi mpweya (O2) kuti molybdenum, bismuth kapena cobalt catalysts. Chitsanzo ndi zimene zotsatirazi:

CH2 = CH-CH3 (propylene) + O2 (mpweya) = CH2 = CH-COOH (asidi akiliriki)

2. M'mbuyomu, atazolowera anachita zimene monoxide kaboni anachita II (NKHA), acetylene (SN≡SN) ndi madzi (H2O). The mankhwala anachita nditero pa nthawi yomweyo ali motere:

SN≡SN (acetylene) + NKHA (mpweya monoxide II) + H2O (madzi) → CH2 = CH-COOH (akiliriki acid).

Ntchito ina ya formaldehyde anachitira ndi ketene:

CH2 = C = O (ketene) + H2C = O (formaldehyde) → CH2 = CH-COOH (propenoic acid).

3. Tsopano ndi Rohm ndi Haas amalenga wapadera asidi kaphatikizidwe luso etenkarbonovoy ku propane.

Chemical katundu asidi akiliriki

Akuti ife asidi akhoza kupanga salt, esters, anhydrides, amides, chlorides chidulo, ndi mankhwala ena. Komanso akhoza kulowa kuwonjezera anachita, ndi khalidwe la carbons ethylene. Madzi koyenera, protonic zidulo ndi NH3 amapezeka osati ndi Markovnikov ulamuliro. Mu ichi kupanga opangidwa kuchokera mmalo zake. asidi akiliriki kumatanthauza kaphatikizidwe diene. Komanso Zachepetsedwa ndi aryl diazonium salt zosiyanasiyana. Pamene ultraviolet walitsa, ndipamene asidi polyacrylic.

Ntchito kiloty akiliriki

- ntchito monga chuma yaiwisi mu kupanga zosiyanasiyana mankhwala polima ndi mankhwala ndi thupi katundu osiyana (mwachitsanzo, mapulasitiki ndi zokutira);

- ntchito yopanga dispersions amadzimadzi utoto akiliriki; mmene malo a ntchito ya utoto ngati kudzadalira pa katundu mankhwala copolymer wa - kupenta komaliza magalimoto kudenga kuti utoto;

- asidi akiliriki ndi ena ofanana ntchito polenga impregnation wa khungu ndipo zimakhala kuti emulsions mu utoto, monga chuma yaiwisi kwa rubbers akiliriki ndi ulusi akiliriki, zomatira zomangamanga, ndi zosakaniza yake; metaakrilovoy esters acid akiliriki (ethers zambiri ntchito, methyl methacrylate ndi methyl acrylate) ntchito kupanga ma polima;

- ziwalo za chidulo akiliriki ntchito polenga superabsorbents.

Yoyenera yosungirako asidi akiliriki

Pamene kasungidwe thunthu pofuna kupewa polymerization woletsa anawonjezera - hydroquinone. Musanagwiritse ntchito chidulo ayenera kutcheza mosamala chifukwa n'zotheka chitukuko chimoto chadzaoneni polymerization.

Safety ntchito

Pamene ntchito ndi asidi akiliriki ayenera kuganizira kuti chinthu chomveka kwa khungu ndi nembanemba mucous. Pakhomo asidi irritant ndi 0,04 mg / lita. Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi Kakhungu mucous ya mwana wa diso, monga ulamuliro, izo zimayambitsa aakulu corneal amayaka, kungachititse kuti inasinthiratu (kumawononga, osati n'ngochiritsika). Inhalation nthunzi akiliriki asidi angayambitse kupweteka kwa mutu, kuyabwa pa mundawo kupuma, ndi Mlingo kwambiri - chitukuko cha edema m'mapapo mwanga. Kumadera kumene ntchito ikuchitika ndi asidi akiliriki, amafuna ulamuliro zonse za mlengalenga. MPC asidi izi 5 mg / metr³. kukhwimitsa chitetezo chiyenera kuchitika pamene ntchito ndi ena ofanana ena. Mwachitsanzo ndi acrylonitrile.