Zochita mankhwala: chifukwa asayansi zolakwika

Ena mwa sayansi ankakhulupirira kuti dziko wapangidwa mmodzi mwa mawonekedwe osiyana. Lingaliro ambiri a nkhani alipo lero, koma akale zinali zolakwika. Kuyambira chinyengo ichi iwo amachokerako, pamene anayesa kusintha kutsogolera golide. Komabe, njira thupi la asayansi anapita mankhwala, kupanga sayansi latsopano. Tsopano aliyense schoolchild amadziwa bwino achiever zizindikiro za kusiyana njira ziwiri izi. Kodi mankhwala anachita?

Zitsanzo Tingaone ngakhale tsiku ndi tsiku. ana ambiri taonani pamene mayi dampens koloko ndi vinyo wosasa, momwemonso koyamba kwambiri mosiyanasiyana mankhwala a. Koma zinthu zina, mungathe kujambula chidwi cha mwana ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo dzimbiri ndipo kunachita mdima wa siliva. Komanso mankhwala anachita.

Titabwerako kusiyana mu njira imene yatchulidwa m'nkhani ino. Choncho, pamene ndondomeko thupi sasintha thunthu la molekyulu ndi. thupi likhoza kupangidwa kusintha mawonekedwe, akhoza n'kukhala particles ndi zinthu, mungathe kusintha uliri wa loitanirana. Koma zikuchokera particles kukhala sichinasinthe. Kodi kuphwanyidwa zotayidwa supuni kumbali kapena ntchito kutentha wautali kwambiri ndi kuthamanga kuti iye asanduke nthunzi - koma thupi kukhala zotayidwa.

Pamene mankhwala anachita kuwayalanso kugwirizana, ngakhale chinthu zikhale chomwecho. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutapeza daimondi ku graphite, m'pofunika kuganizira njira thupi, ndi mankhwala komanso kulankhulana ndi kuwayalanso. Ngakhale, monga ulamuliro, zikuchokera nkhani zikusintha chitsanzo cha diamondi ndi - kupatulapo.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu zochita mankhwala kugwirizana ndi kutulutsidwa kapena mayamwidwe mphamvu. Yotsirizira kumaonekera monga kutentha. Pali thermoneutral anachita, zimene ikukhudzana zotsatira ziro. Koma iwo ali ochepa, ambiri mwina amafuna "kulowetsedwa" mphamvu, kapena okha, ndipo limodzi ndi kusintha kutentha. The ndondomeko kuyaka zina ankatsatira ndi wina ndi kumasulidwa kuwala.

Koma si nthawi zonse kusintha kapangidwe zozama za nkhani angatchedwe ndi ndondomeko mankhwala. Palinso zochita nyukiliya. Zikukhudzira kanthu pa mlingo atomiki. Ndi yamasika lidzasinthidwa maatomu a mitundu ina - kwa mchitidwe mankhwala. Iyi ndi ndondomeko zovuta yomwe kwakukulu kuchuluka kwa mphamvu anamasulidwa. Wokwanira kukumbukira ndi mabomba a nyukiliya, kumvetsa zimene zinali za.

Kukonza njira, anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera: anthu aone kuti pali mankhwala anachita. Kumanzere zipangizo lolembedwa ndi dzina la reagents, kuti kumanja - mankhwala. Si onse ankakonda kusukulu kuika koefishienti mu maikwezhoni lapansi. Izo ziyenera kuti mfundozi zimangosonyeza njira yeniyeni, sanalengedwe "mu mutu wanga" munthu. Ndipotu, maatomu samabwera balamanthu. Masiku ano ana asukulu ndi mwayi, akhoza kuphunzira za mitunduyi zinthu, koma akale adali kudalira yekha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndi reagent kuti si nthawi zonse zoonekeratu.

Kodi kusiyanitsa njira thupi ndi mankhwala? Nthawi zambiri ndi kutentha kumasulidwa, kapena gasi mpweya, discoloration. Koma kuchita zimenezi sikuti ntchito, chifukwa kuchokera botolo lotseguka koloko kunja mpweya zapatsogolo kusungunuka, okusayidi Mercury ndi umapezeka akhoza kusintha mtundu, ndi okusayidi nthaka amasintha mtundu pamene mkangano. Matenthedwe zotsatira tingasonyezere bwino kwambiri, choncho si kophweka kukonza, kotero kuti zochita mankhwala angathe kuonedwa ndi ... zochita zina.

Mu sayansi zipangizo ali ndi gawo chidwi - Mechanochemistry. Chifukwa cha ntchito makina mu mphero wapadera mu zinthu ndi ufulu ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira, ndipo amapeza katundu watsopano. Mwachitsanzo, ndi aspirin bwino kupanga asatayike. Umakaniko adamulowetsa yogwira kwambiri mankhwala, chimene chiri chofunika kwa mankhwala.