Anzanu mayunitsi

anthu kwa nthawi yoyamba vuto akayezetsa kuthamanga pomanga akasupe ku Florence. Mwamwayi omanga moyo wa sayansi Torricelli amene anasamuka vuto ku malo kumanga labu wake, kuchotsa madzi ndi mankhwala enaake kuti akudziwa zambiri yaying'ono.

History wasiya umboni wa mmene kutsegula kwa sayansi Italy anathandiza omanga, koma kuti anthu walandira umboni kuti kuli kuthamanga mumlengalenga, palibe angatsutse.

Torricelli Baton anatola kwambiri Blez Paskal, amene anali wokhoza kuyeza kuthamanga mumlengalenga ndi kutsimikizira empirically kuti zimatengera pa msinkhu pamwamba pa nyanja. Choncho, kuthamanga woyamba wagawo anasonyeza Hg kutalika amayezedwa mainchesi ndi elbows. Ndithu mwachibadwa, ndi mayunitsi amakono a muyeso kuthamanga ali ndi mayina asayansi awiri.

Kuona zoipazi ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana. Mophweka kwambiri - madzi manometer. Akuti Kutulukira ake anali ndi dzanja Leonardo da Vinci, komanso kuti a Chapafupi wake wanzeru panalibe ntchito mu moyo wake.

Only pa nthawi ya Pascal kuyeza kuthamanga anayamba ntchito chubu U-zooneka wodzazidwa ndi mankhwala enaake. Kenako, Mercury anali m'malo ndi mafuta kuyamwa.

Mu nkhani ya mavuto ofanana pa malekezero onse a chubu mlingo madzi ali yemweyo, Pamene mavuto umagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalekezero a chubu pali kutalika kusiyana.

P * (1) -P * (2) = gph, kumene ga - mathamangitsidwe wa thupi momasuka kugwa, P - madzi osalimba, H - kutalika kusiyana mu milingo manometer madzi.

Ngakhale kuti manometers madzi ndi mkulu tilinazo, ntchito yawo ntchito ndi ndithu okha chifukwa chochuluka awo, mavuto mu masuku pamutu, ndi ochepa chingwe osiyanasiyana, 20 kPa kwa 140 kPa.

Ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso ikukula mu kutchuka anayamba kuthamanga gauges ndi Bourdon chubu, mwa kulankhula kwina iwo amatchedwa mapindikidwe. Mkati n'zotsimikizira izi C woboola pakati chubu cha mkuwa ndi limagwirira ndi zida. Atamupanikiza umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapeto ufulu wa chubu ndi anaweramuka, ndi zida amasuntha muvi zikusonyeza kuchuluka kwa kukakamiza lonse maphunziro chipangizo. Zovuta zambiri mawonekedwe a chubu, ang'onoang'ono zolakwa ndi chida.

Mawotchi gauges ntchito kuyeza kuthamanga kwa 40 kPa kuti 100MPa. Iwo yodziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa molondola muyeso pa ntchito mosalekeza. Ichi ndi chifukwa mapindikidwe wa nzika za zinthu ntchito.

Pakuti muyeso wa kuthamanga kugunda wa ku 8 * 10 ^ 3 GPa ntchito gauges piezoelectric.

Mbiri yakale, kuti mayunitsi kuthamanga si mbale wina ndi mzake ndi angapo a Zikuoneka kuti apa pali wathunthu chisokonezo. Chilinganizo ambiri choyezera kuthamanga motere: P = F / S kumene P - kuthamanga, F - mphamvu, S - m'deralo. Mu dongosolo SI, mphamvu amayezedwa Newtons, ndi mamita lalikulu - ndiye kuthamanga wagawo gawo ndi N / mamita ^ 2, ndipo amatchedwa Pascal. Komabe, kuchita zambiri ntchito kwambiri ndi mlengalenga, mipiringidzo tori mmHg mamilimita madzi mzati, makilogalamu / masentimita ^ 2.

Tiyeni kuyesa kulongosola nkhani imeneyi. Mayunitsi a kuthamanga mumlengalenga - ichi mmHg kapena torr; monga mukudziwa, anatengera monga muyezo kuthamanga mumlengalenga ndi 760 mamilimita Hg - mtengo uwu umatchedwa mlengalenga; kapamwamba pafupifupi mpweya umodzi - ndi wokalamba wagawo GHS; pali mpweya luso, umene uli wofanana makilogalamu chimodzi / masentimita ^ 2 - makhalidwe onsewa ntchito ngati mayunitsi Common wa muyeso mafuta kuthamanga; mamilimita madzi ndime ntchito hydraulics ndi 13,6 torus. Tikumbukenso kuti sayansi Pascal ndi ena ofanana zace amadziwa ngati mayunitsi kuthamanga dongosolo limodzi.