"Overton Tsamba" - kodi chiphunzitso chimenechi?

Ndi nditangoyamba kufalitsa nkhani zomwe wanenedwa akamanena za umodzi wa chiphunzitso kasamalidwe kampani. njira imeneyi imatchedwa kafukufuku kulengedwa ilo likutchedwa "Overton Tsamba." chiphunzitso mokwanira ndi chooneka moti limafotokoza mmene chikhalidwe ndi pazankhani kasamalidwe ka anthu ndi anthu onse, omwe m'zaka za m'ma otsiriza ntchito yuro Atlantic pakati mphamvu dziko. Cholinga chachikulu cha zimenezi ndi dehumanization, katangale depersonalization ndi razchelovechivanie onse strata chikhalidwe.

Mfundo yaikulu ya chiphunzitso

"Overton Tsamba" - kodi njira imeneyi? Awa ndimaganizo andale amene akufotokoza malire a malingaliro kukhazikitsidwa zotheka ndi anthu. Chimango alipo komanso awonetsetse ndi mtundu wa zenera.

chiphunzitso zikuloza kwa viability ndale ya mfundoyo. Likukhalira kugonjetsa maganizo a anthu sizingausunge anapempha States a. lingaliro aliyense kuvomereza Company pokhapokha ngati imagwera mu "windo". Komabe, zikuoneka mu mndandanda wa malingaliro ena, amene ali pa nthawi adzalandira kulandiridwa ndi anthu. Kenako, malingaliro awa adzatha kutsatira mfundo, popanda kuopa atamunamizira monyanyira kapena radicalism. The kusintha kosangalatsa wa "zenera" amapezeka mu nkhani ya kusintha maganizo a anthu ndi kupanga anthu ichi kapena mfundo zimenezo.

Nkhani ya

American Katswiri Dzhozef Overton zenera mpata woti kuyambitsa zosavomerezeka zochitika zoipa kuphunzira ndi kuperekedwa maganizo a anthu mu 1990. Mu nthawi iyi, iye anali wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wa Mackinac Center kwa Policy Public Center.

"Overton Tsamba" - wotani zimakhudza maganizo a anthu? Izi si kumukakamiza, ndi luso chipangizo kwambiri. Kugwiritsa zimapangitsa dongosolo zogwirizana ntchito, komanso mfundo zavualirovannost wovulalayo amadza.

Mwachitsanzo, anthu kale analandira gay mu zosokoneza komanso ufulu wawo kutengera ana, kukwatirana ndi kulimbikitsa kuonetsa kugonana. Pa nthawi yomweyo pakhala nkhani zoti onse imeneyi chilengedwe cha zinthu. Komabe, si kuti ife chooneka moti Dzhozef Overton mu 1990. wolemba anapeza luso lonse lomwe limathandiza kuti kuwonongedwa kwa boma, chifukwa mu legalization maganizo oipa. Ndipo kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira anakhumba, m'pofunika kuchita masitepe onse asanu, ati 5 "Overton Tsamba." Mu chimangidwe chiyamba kuti akaweruze lingaliro lililonse zosavomerezeka kwa iye, kusunthira ake ku Mulingo wa zogwirizana, n'kukaziika ndi chidutswa watsopano malamulo, amene adzakhale pamalo pomwe kukhalapo mpaka chinachake posachedwapa sangaganize.

Taganizirani "Overton Tsamba monga" chitsanzo cha kudya. Pakali pano, lingaliro la legalization ufulu nzika 'kudya mzake kwathunthu sangaganize. Wofalitsa zodabwitsazi atumiza pa nthawi ino sangathe. Society ndithudi kufotokoza zionetsero mchitidwe uwu. Komabe, ngati muyamba ntchito "Overton Tsamba", kuti adzakupatsani amene akufuna kulimbikitsa mfundo imeneyi? Malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha Katswiri American, yankho la vuto ili pa mphindi pa msinkhu ziro, wotchedwa "Sindingachite." lingaliro akhoza akuyendera pokhapokha akamaliza magawo onse a mawindo a mwayi. Iwo amagwira ntchito njira popanda Mangirirani mahatchi kugaleta a.

Pa mfundo imeneyi, yomwe bodza amakolanso maganizo a anthu, ambiri akuti Nikita Mikhalkov mu pulogalamu yake yolenga "Besogon". "Overton Tsamba" mu maganizo ake, kawirikawiri TV yathu yakanema, womwe mtima wa munthu amatha kulowa chilichonse.

umisiri

American Katswiri akulongosola zochita kuti athe anthu kubweretsa legalization mwamtheradi lingaliro lililonse. Technology "Overton Tsamba" si anapereka wolemba. Iye anangoti anafotokoza njira yanuyo ntchito imbaenda ku mukufuna. M'mawu ena, Overton anapereka kale zikugwira ntchito luso lomwe, ndi nchito zake akhoza kupitiliza kumaliseche maphatikizidwe.

Gawo loyamba

Siteji yoyamba ya chiphunzitso chimenechi monga "Overton Tsamba" - kodi nthawi imeneyi, cholinga zimene akuthamangitsa? Pofuna kupeza chifukwa analakalaka sitepe yoyamba ayenera:

- kuthetsa taboo kuti akambirane za chinthu makamaka;

- kupanga lingaliro anakhala chodziwika pakati pa mamembala a anthu;

- patsogolo kwa zokambirana chizolowezi cha zodabwitsazi;

- kulera lingaliro kuti udindo wa mitu zofunika konsekonse.

Pofuna kuti izi chinthu chinachake chodabwitsa umayamba m'dera mudziwe ngati kwakukulu-woyimba. Izi boma la malingaliro kukopa chidwi cha anthu.

Komanso, mowiriza ulusi zokambirana pang'onopang'ono kupita ku bungwe. "Sitingayerekeze" pang'onopang'ono kusamukira "ukasintha". Amaona anthu kapena kuti chodabwitsa, umene uli mu zoni kuletsa, adzakhala unwind nkhani chitsanzo iliyonse. Izi kuika pa Koyamba bwino cholinga - kudziwa ngati chinthu choopsa kwambiri, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani kuchita izo? Kodi pambuyo kuganiza kuti anthu ena kuchita zimenezi, ali osangalala.

Mwina "falitsani" chiphunzitso "Overton Tsamba" kudya. Kuti kumasulira kwa zochitika sangaganize m'dera la kwakukulu, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa ethnological yosiyirana kuganizira nkhani monga "miyambo zosowa a mafuko ku Polynesia." Apa, asayansi adzakhala nkhani kulankhula za chodabwitsa kudya, amene adzakhala ndi chiphunzitso koyamba gulu lotchedwa "Overton Tsamba." sitepe, umene unali ndi zimene review maganizo wogwila anthu chingasinthe maganizo wosadzayanjanika kuti positive. Gawo loyamba kukufika. Mutu anadzetsa aziyenda ndi kuwononga taboo pa nkhaniyi.

Chiphunzitsochi m'dziko lathu liri ndi zitsanzo zake mwatsatanetsatane. "Overton Tsamba" anayesa kusuntha, funso mu atolankhani za imabwera yobereka Leningrad pofuna kupewa imfa ya ambiri anthu, ndipo timasonyeza tikayerekezera ngwazi Olympic Russian ndi mkulu wa SS. Izi milandu ankaikira gawo loyamba la mfundo imeneyi, pamene mutu anachokera m'dera kupatulana. Ngati kampani akavomera kutenga zimenezi, njira otsala chidzachitika basi. Mwamwayi, Russia sanali kukambirana mitu bungwe iwo, akuganiza motsimikizira amwano.

mwendo yachiwiri

Kodi zina zikuchitikazo "Overton Tsamba"? chiphunzitso amaona gawo lotsatira la ntchito monga kusintha kwa "kwakukulu" kuti "zovomerezeka". Mwa zolinga zikuluzikulu za nthawi imeneyi - M'MALO mfundo kale taboo mu umene anthu akana mawu kale anamasuliridwa mu euphemisms maganizo ndale. Mu zodabwitsazi lauchimoli kusintha tanthauzo lake pachiyambi. Icho chaperekwa dzina wopereka wokhala positive. Pa nthawi yomweyo zambiri za anakhalakodi kapena chochitika zokhudza njira ina pamaso pa chodabwitsa zosavomerezeka. Zimenezi si wolungama, koma kuti anthu anga lingaliro limene ife tonse machimo.

Mmene kukhala otsatira ndondomeko Lolembetsa kudya, monga zitsanzo zotheka. "Overton Tsamba" apitiriza kulimbikitsa ndi kupitiriza kutchula asayansi. Zimenezi zimabweretsa zoti munthu amene safuna kukambirana nkhani imeneyi, si kuwonjezera chidziwitso. Iwo akhoza ankaona bigot kapena wachinyengo. Likufanana ndi kudya ena dzina kaso ayenera kuperekedwa. Mfundo ndi wofunika kwambiri legalization maganizo zosaganizika. Chifukwa cha kudya kulibenso. Pali Mwachitsanzo, anthropophagy. Ngati tanthauzo limeneli posachedwapa kuonedwa mseru izo mwamsanga m'malo ndi wina.

Cholinga cha kupeka mawu atsopano ndi kunyamuka kwa chikhalidwe cha vuto ndi kalembedwe ake. Mawonekedwe a usiye kulankhula ndi wokhutira, zomwe zimaphwanya otsutsa maganizo mfundo zikuluzikulu.

Pamodzi ndi masewera pali chilengedwe mayina Buku zachilendo. kuwala ndi anakoka m'nthano, mbiri yakale, panopa, kapena monga choncho zopeka, zimene ziyenera wovomerezeka. Kumupeza ngati singasiyanitsidwe "umboni" kuti, mfundo, n'zotheka kulembetsa kudya. Mwachitsanzo, tizikumbukira nthano ya mayi amene, kupulumutsa ana awo ludzu, ataledzera ndi magazi awo omwe. Ndi milungu wakale! Nthawi zambiri kudya onse mu mzere. Aroma adakhulupirira zodabwitsazi si zachilendo ndipo chilengedwe! Potchula mfundo imeneyi, olemba ndikulinga kuti azipereka chisembwere wa kudya kulangidwa chigawenga. Tiyerekeze zinali ngakhale kamodzi kokha mphindi iliyonse makamaka mbiri.

Mbali yachitatu

Psychology "Overton Tsamba" panthawi imeneyi umalimbana:

- kukondweretsa lingaliro la gasi ndi khalidwe achilengedwe a chodabwitsa pansi zokambirana;

- kuwonongedwa kwa maganizo ndi nkhani n'kosayenera mwamtheradi.

Apa pali kusinthika kuchokera ku "zovomerezeka" kuti "kulolera". vuto, monga kale lonse, lagawidwa mitundu. Ena a iwo ndi woopsa, ndi yamasika zovomerezeka ndi wokoma ndithu. Pankhaniyi, anthu limaoneka kwambiri mfundo akusiyana ndi maganizo aliyense wa mitundu ya mavuto omwe anasonyeza olemekezeka kwambiri anthu ake.

Apa wa gululi, "Overton Tsamba" mu ulemu wa kudya angathe kuperekedwa imodzi ndi maonekedwe a media mawu amenewa:

- anthropophilia chikwiyire;

- chilakolako kukhala zodya chibadidwe chikhalidwe cha munthu;

- makamaka chipatso choletsedwa ndi fungo, ndi zina zotero ..

M'maganizo anthu amalenga minda yokumba nkhondo. anthu Normal ndi sanyalanyaza nkhani yomwe inayambika, awalandira pomwepo udindo wa akumuda kwakukulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, atolankhani ndi asayansi kutsimikizira lonse la anthu kuti anthu m'mbiri yonse linakhalapo nthawi, kudyetsa mzake, ndipo ndi zabwinobwino.

Mbali chachinayi

Cholinga cha sitepe kayendedwe "Overton Tsamba" - posamutsa vuto ku siteji ya "kulolera" kuti "otchuka". Pa nthawi imeneyi:

- popereka mauthenga chodabwitsa misa pansi zokambirana;

- mu kuzunza anthu akambe maganizo kupezeka kwa vutoli;

- limapereka zitsanzo konkire anthu odziwika bwino, sayambitsa kukana anthu.

Choncho, gawo lachinayi wa chilengedwe cha kutchuka zosiyanasiyana zodabwitsazi lapansi. M'kupita kwa ulendo ziwerengero. Media kanjedza kungachititse ndi kuwonjezeka kutchuka kwa lingaliro pamene akulankhula za anthu amene mukugwira nawo zodabwitsazi, choncho wokongola osati makhalidwe komanso maonekedwe.

Ndipo zimene zikhoza atchukitsa kudya? Anthropophagus massively anayambitsa m'kuwonerera nkhani ndi uthenga. Anthu adzakhala ndi ntchito yogawa lonse mu mafilimu, mu tatifupi kanema ndi nyimbo anachita ndi oimba. N'zotheka ntchito ndi mmodzi wa popularization njira amatchedwa "Tayang'anani pa mbali." TV ananena za thupi kudya wotchuka Wolemba kapena wotsogolera, ndipo adzapatsidwa zokhudza kupeza mamiliyoni muno wakudya mu nuthouse lapansi.

Apa nkhani adzabwera mu pamwamba ndi kuyamba samoproizvoditsya ndale, ndi zina polubiznese. D. Kuti wolungama kumbali ya legalization wa mfundo zoopsa ndi zigawenga waumunthu. Akutumikira njira zabwino, wopanda makhalidwe ankafuna. Anthu amenewa akhoza kunena kuti iwo ndi anthu kulenga, ali IQ apamwamba ndi zina zotero. D.

Mbali chachisanu

Mu stepi ino pali vuto la siteji yomasulira "kutchuka" mwa kuchuluka kwa "Political". Pankhaniyi, zolinga izi:

- chodabwitsa yomasulira njira ndale;

- kulengeza negation ya lingaliro la kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu;

- oyamba mu chikumbumtima anthu maganizo ofooketsa kwa kukana chodabwitsa lapansi.

Movement "Overton Tsamba" panthawi imeneyi, n'zotheka chifukwa cha Kafukufuku ambiri, chifukwa mu chodabwitsa adzakhala kutanthauziridwa monga umoyo ndale. Pankhaniyi, lingaliro poyamba zinkaoneka zosavomerezeka liyamba m'gulu kutsogoza kukambirana nkhani zofuna kuthetsa ndale kapena malamulo. Pankhaniyi, vuto limene Adzaperekedwa ku gulu ngati akufunika kuteteza "ochepa" imene ili pangozi.

Pa gawo lotsiriza la gululo, "Overton Tsamba" akukonzekera malamulo. Society pa mphindi ino kale wogonjetsedwa. Only mbali zotsogola zimenezi angakane okwera pang'ono kuti udindo wa lamulo mpaka zinthu posachedwapa sangaganize. Komabe, anthu onse waswedwa, ndipo malinga ndi kugonjetsedwa awo.

zotsatira za umisiri

Chifukwa cha kudutsa onse chiphunzitso magawo asanu otchedwa "Overton Tsamba" anthu sakukhulupiriranso mogwirizana ake amkati. M'malo mwake, koma kuwawa mumtima komanso kusamvetsetsana kukhala ndi anthu. Aliyense enforces njira imeneyi si cholinga kuti aliyense wodala ndi munthu. "Tsamba" kayendedwe wapangidwa kupeza vekitala analakalaka chitukuko cha dziko. Ogwiritsa Choncho anayamba kutaya kukhudza ndi chikhalidwe chawo ndi mizu. Iwo mosavuta mosaganizira. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi kungakhale mkulu odzipha, amene asunga mu mayiko olemera. N'chifukwa chake tinganene kuti zonsezi pamwambapa - weniweni chiwonongeko luso. "Overton Tsamba" limaletsa anthu a anthu, kuwatsogolera iwo ku chiwonongeko.

kutsutsidwa

Kupewa chilichonse cha ziphunzitso zonyenga kungakhale kulephera kulikonse ndipo nthawi zonse "wamphamvu". Only kusunga paokha, ife sudzapereka wofatsa m'manja cholakwika. Musati kugundidwa ndi mpheto chachikulu cha anthu zidzathandiza miyambo mores ndi chikhalidwe cha makolo awo, amene ziyenera mosamala kusungidwa ndi kutetezedwa. mfundo izi wamuyaya kudzatithandiza kusunga payekha aliyense ndi munthu aliyense. Si kutsata miyambo kuleza atapita. Zokwanira kuwalemekeza ndi sitolo. Ndipo M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti zipangizo zamakono anafotokoza Overton, mosavuta ntchito anthu ololera komwe kulibe zolinga, palibe kusiyana pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa.