Vuto zaziwerengero mu dziko: njira patsogolo

Chiwerengero cha dziko lathu likuyenda nthawi zonse, mwachitsanzo, chinaonekeranso mwa m'mibadwo yosiyanasiyana, kusintha qualitatively ndi quantitatively, kuphatikizapo, chifukwa kusamuka - kayendedwe malo. Motero, mkhalidwe zaziwerengero pansi. Vuto zaziwerengero, pamodzi ndi chilengedwe, chakudya, mphamvu, zipangizo, komanso nkhani ya kusunga mtendere ndi Kusiya, amafuna kuti njira zawo khama wamba kwa anthu padziko lonse.

Mofulumira kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu mu dziko, zomwe (mpaka ¾) Kudzachitika osauka, ndi dera chimanga chosakhwima chikhalidwe ndi m'mbuyo chuma cha dziko, kupanga lonse zaziwerengero vuto, tanthauzo ndi kufunika kwa amene anazindikira mwa limati kuzindikira kuti mpikisano manja ndi kuwonjezeka mu nkhondo makamaka m'mayiko amenewa underdeveloped, zikubweretsa ngongole zambiri zakuthupi, akuchuluka akhwime chuma ndi chitukuko chikhalidwe. Vuto zaziwerengero m'mayiko amenewa ndi ofanana mavuto a chakudya chokwanira, malo, makonzedwe a maphunziro, kusowa kwa zachilengedwe, khalidwe la moyo ndi ntchito. A amaposa achinyamata m'mayikowa (40% ya anthu osaposa zaka 15) saloledwa kusunga makhalidwe a ziwawa a kuchuluka kwa anthu. Kusalankhula kusamuka ndi mizinda kusandulika kuchokera zabwino zochitika negative.

Mu Japan, Europe ndi mayiko ena mu CIS ndi 80 ntchentche wa XX atumwi. pali vuto zaziwerengero, amene kumaonekera kuchepetsa chiwerengero ntchito zaka chifukwa kukula pang'onopang'ono, ukalamba ndi kuchepa zachilengedwe anthu. Vuto zaziwerengero (ie kuchepetsa alionse yogwira) m'mayikowa agwirizana ndi kuchuluka anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Chiwerengero ukalamba (kuposa 12% ya anthu zaka 60 ndi pa 7% - pa zaka 65) - ndi masoka njira, zimene maziko kuwongolera moyo zachipatala zapita patsogolo kwambiri ndi zinthu zina zimene zimachititsa kutalikitsa moyo wa mbali yaikulu ya anthu. Choncho, lonse zaziwerengero vuto ndi:

a) mofulumira ndi bwino ankalamulira kukula kwa anthu m'mayiko osauka;

b) anthu okalamba m'mayiko otukuka ndi maiko ndi chuma mu kusamba.

Ndi bwino kuti yankho la mavuto ambiri okha ndi khama anzake a dziko lonse mabungwe. Mu 1969, mu chimango cha United Nations (UN), Maziko UN analengedwa, chinkhoswe mu munda wa ntchito anthu dziko ndi kuchititsa msonkhano World pansi mothandizidwa ake. - Mzinda (Romania), mu 1984 - 1974, misonkhano atatu amenewa akhala akuchitika pa zaka 30 zapitazi, Mexico City (Mexico), mu 1994 - mu Cairo (Egypt).

Vuto lalikulu pa Conference woyamba World inkakhala pothetsa mavuto a osamukawo: kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a mayiko awo amagwira yoti, polimbana ndi tsankho chikhalidwe ndi msika ntchito, kuteteza ufulu zawo ndi za mabanja awo.

Pakati pa misonkhano yoyamba ndi yachiwiri yodziwika ndi kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha kuthawira dziko, pamodzi ndi mavuto ena kumaonekera njira ya msonkhano mu Mexico City (1984). Ndiye ankapereka (ndipo analandira) mafikidwe atsopano amene amazindikira chikhalidwe osiyanasiyana kayendedwe lonse anthu.

Pa Chachitatu Conference Mayiko mu 1994 ku Cairo, anatengera zaka 20 Program ya Action, kutenga nkhani kufunika chachikulu ndale za dziko - kuonetsetsa citukuko. Iwo anatsindika kuti kusamuka ayenera kukhala mphamvu zabwino, n'kopindulitsa zotsatira pa chinthu cha chitukuko cha limati anapita kukagwira-kulandira.

Pa misonkhano yonse analankhula nkhani ya imfa ndi chonde, kuchuluka kwa anthu, mizinda ndi kusamuka.

Vuto zaziwerengero anthu Izo zikhoza kuthetsedwa. Chifukwa chaichi, malinga ndi ndondomeko ya World amafuna, choyamba, chikhalidwe ndi kukonzanso chuma m'mayiko osauka. mapulani Pabanja chingatithandize kusintha boma la kubalana anthu.

Vuto zaziwerengero ndi ziwawa kubadwa mu China, zakulera ndi kuthetsedwa: m'banja sikuloledwa kwa kuposa 1 mwana. Zofooka kulili ambiri India, pomwe m'mayiko olemera a ku Ulaya (Germany, Denmark, France), pa mwake - mabanja ndi ana 2 kapena zambiri, Amawapatsa phindu lochuluka.