Schleiden ndi Schwann - osema miyala woyamba chiphunzitso selo

Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov uli Science poyerekezera ndi ya zomangamanga, pamene nzeru nyumba zingatipunthwitse kupereka dongosolo maziko. Ndi chiphunzitso selo ndi oyambitsa ake - Schleiden ndi Schwann - alinso ndi naturalists ambiri ndi asayansi, ndipo otsatira awo. Mmodzi wa ndiAmene ndi chiphunzitso cha dongosolo la ma ya zinthu Virchow kamodzi anati, "ataima pa mapewa a Schwann Schleiden." Iyo inali ntchito anzake a asayansi awiri ndi ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi. Za chiphunzitso khungu la Schleiden ndi Schwann.

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

Pa zaka twente-sikisi wamng'ono loya Matthias Schleiden (1804-1881) adanyerezera kusanduza moyo wake, kuposa konse amakondwera ndi banja. Kuponya malamulo kumapeto, anasamutsa kwa Medical la Yunivesite ya Heidelberg. Ndipo mu zaka 35 iye anakhala katswiri pa Dipatimenti ya zomera ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa University of zomera Jena. ntchito yake Schleiden m'zimene akuchepa limagwirira la kubalana maselo. Mu ntchito zake anatchula molondola ulamuliro wa pakati pa ndondomeko kuswana, koma sanazione kufanana mu kapangidwe ka zomera ndi nyama maselo.

M'nkhani "Pa funso la zomera" (1844) Iye ananena wamba mu kapangidwe ka zomera maselo, kaya malo awo. Unikani nkhani yake analemba German physiologist Iogann Myuller, wachiwiri umene panthawi imeneyo unali Theodor Schwann.

analephera wansembe

Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) anaphunzitsidwa ndi mphamvu ya Philosophy ya University of Bonn, chifukwa ine ndimaganiza kuti ndi malangizo pafupi ndi loto lake - kukhala wansembe. Komabe, chidwi mbiri zachilengedwe unakula kwambiri moti Theodore University maphunziro kale mu mphamvu ya Medicine. Ntchito ngati wothandizira ndi anatchula I. Müller, kwa zaka zisanu apeza zinthu zambiri zimene zokwanira kwa asayansi ena. Izi kudziwika pepsin mu madzi muzituluka ndi nembanemba ulusi mitsempha. Zinali iye amene anali nawo mwachindunji ya yisiti n'kumugawa m'magulumagulu mu ndondomeko nayonso mphamvu.

anzake

Anthu asayansi anali ndiye Germany si kwambiri. Choncho, msonkhano asayansi German Schleiden ndi Schwann linasindikizidwa. Iye anatenga mu cafe mu umodzi yopuma ya nkhomaliro, mu 1838. anzake tsogolo kukambirana ntchito zawo. Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann nawo anapezazo Kuzindikila mtima maselo. Kubwereza zatsopano Schleiden, Schwann kuphunzira maselo nyama. Iwo kulankhula kwambiri ndi mabwenzi. Patapita chaka chimodzi pali ntchito olowa "ta Kupenda kufanana mu dongosolo ndi chitukuko wa mayunitsi chiyambidwe cha chiyambi nyama ndi masamba," amene anali Schleiden ndi Schwann anayambitsa chiphunzitso cha khungu, matabwa ake ndi kugwira ntchito.

Chiphunzitso cha dongosolo la ma

The zopanda waukulu, umene kusonyeza ntchito Schwann ndi Schleiden, - ichi ndi chimene moyo uli maselo a zamoyo zonse. Ntchito ya wina German - dokotala wodziwa za vutoli Rudolfa Virhova - mu 1858 potsiriza kubweretsa momveka kwa maselo kwambiri m'thupi. Ndipo Iye anawonjezera ntchito Schleiden ndi Schwann zopanda latsopano. "Aliyense selo selo" - iye kutha kwa m'badwo mowiriza nkhani moyo. Rudolfa Virhova ambiri tikambirane Co-wolemba, ndipo ena amanena ntchito mawu akuti "selo chiphunzitso cha Schwann, Schleiden, ndi Virchow."

Chiphunzitso zamakono za khola

zaka zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, ife anawonjezera chidziwitso experimental ndi ongolankhula wa zamoyo, maziko anakhalabe selo chiphunzitso cha Schleiden ndi Schwann, mfundo yaikulu ya ndizo

• Self-kukonzanso, otha kuchulukana ndi kudzikonda chilangizo selo - ndi maziko ndi unit zikuluzikulu m'moyo.
• Pakuti zamoyo zonse padziko lapansili yodziwika ndi dongosolo lawo zofanana.
• cell ndi ya ma polima amene kulengedwanso zikuluzikulu zochita kupanga.
• kubalana awo ikuchitidwa ndi kugawa foni mayi.
• zamoyo Multicellular kumafuna maselo apadera mu minofu, limba ndi dongosolo.
• Onse maselo apadera anapanga mu zosiyanasiyana za totipotent.

bifurcation mfundo

Chiphunzitso German asayansi Matthias Schleiden ndi Teodora Shvanna anali panasinthira mu chitukuko cha sayansi. nthambi zonse za chidziwitso - histology, cytology zamoyo, thunthu kudwala, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, sayansi, embryology, chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko, ndi ena ambiri - anaphunzitsidwa kutsogolera wamphamvu chitukuko. Chiphunzitso, zomwe zimapereka tanthauzo latsopano la ankachita mkati zamoyo, watsegula M'maso watsopano ofufuza, amene ndiye ntchito. Russian Ivan Chistyakov (1874) ndi Polish-German zamoyo E. Strasburger (1875) kuulula limagwirira wa mitotic Chigawo (asexual) selo. Kenako anapeza DNA phata ndi udindo wake mu chibadwa ndi kusintha kwa zinthu, decoding ndondomeko ya kugawanika ndi kusinthika kwa DNA ndi udindo wake mu mapuloteni biosynthesis, mphamvu ndipo thupi pulasitiki mu ribosomes, gametogenesis ndi mapangidwe zygote a.

atulukira onsewa njerwa akumanga nyumba sayansi selo monga gulu structural ndi maziko a moyo wonse pa dziko lapansi. chidziwitso mafakitale maziko a chinaikidwa pa atulukira ndi mabwenzi, zimene anali asayansi German Schleiden ndi Schwann. Masiku ano, zida ndi akatswiri elekitironi wamamamayikirosikopu analola pa makumi ndi maulendo ndi zipangizo zovuta njira cheza ndi isotopic olemba a walitsa, majini kayeseleledwe luso ndi embryology yokumba, koma selo Zatsala kapangidwe kwambiri lachinsinsi la moyo. atulukira zonse zatsopano za matabwa ake ndi kugwira ntchito kubweretsa dziko la sayansi padenga la nyumbayo, koma palibe anganeneretu kuti ngati kumanga zake atamaliza pamene. Padakali pano, nyumba si zitatha, ndipo tonse akuyembekezera kutulukira zinthu zatsopano.