Bromine madzi - njira amadzimadzi bromine

madzi Bromine wasukuluka ndi bromo madzi. Zake maikwezhoni anachita nthawi lolembedwa ndi chilinganizo - Br2, ngakhale iwo ali mu njira mu chisakanizo cha zidulo awiri - HBrO (asidi hypobromous) ndi HBr (asidi hydrobromic). pawiri uyu ali ndi lachikasu lalanje mtundu ndi wotsika mpaka madzi kuundana. Ndi oxidant amphamvu chimene chingathe m'mikhalidwe zamchere kuti oxidize cations zitsulo ngati - Kr ^+3, MN ^+3, Fe ^+2, Co ^{₊ 2,} Ni ^+3. Kuwonjezera br ₂ kumachepetsa kufunika pH (pH), chifukwa madzi bromine lili ufulu acid.

Izi mankhwala mankhwala zambiri, ndipo zimenezi akhoza kutani ndi zinthu zonse zochita kupanga ndi organic. Taonani zina mankhwala zako ndi pawiri anapatsidwa.

Discoloration bromine madzi amapereka Mkhalidwe anachita zonse chimasanduka unsaturated. Kuchita kuyesera amafuna pang'ono alkene kapena alkyne osokonezeka mu mayeso chubu ndi ₂ br. Pa linachepa Kuwonjezera maatomu bromine pa malo a chotupa awiri kapena patatu muzikondana. Mofulumira za mtundu wachikasu-lalanje mu linachepa ndi umboni anatengedwa unsaturation hydrocarbon.

The mankhwala anachita "phenol - bromine madzi" ntchito precipitate kwa mankhwala njira bromo. Ngati mogwirizana kwa zinthu ikuchitika pansi pa zikhalidwe anhydrous, mapangidwe tribromophenol adzatenga masiku angapo. Choncho, monga chothandizira, ndi pang'ono H ₂ O.

madzi Bromine zasayansi anakonza motere: 1 ml ya bromine Chinawonjezeka 250 ml ya madzi otchezedwa, pamene oyambitsa intensively. Yankho okonzeka anali kusungidwa mu muli mwamphamvu chatsekedwa galasi mdima. Ngati anakonza br ₂ kusungidwa mu kuwala kapena kuwala botololo, mpweya kusanduka zidzachitika chifukwa zili asidi hypobromous. Ntchito yokonza reagent ndi ikuchitika mu fume nyumba. Popeza bromine yokha chakupha, ndipo lili bromine madzi, m'pofunika kusamala pamene ntchito ndi izo.

M'pofunika kuganizira mfundo yakuti anakumana ndi br ₂ khungu limapezeka kuyabwa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yaitali angathe kuyambitsa zilonda za m'mimba. Ngati mankhwala umalowa khungu, tiyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi, kenako carbonate ndi sodium. Pamene lalikulu bala padziko kapena zotupa kwambiri khungu khungu Komanso topaka mafuta, womwenso NaHCO _3.

Bromine madzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kusanthula mankhwala ndi kaphatikizidwe mankhwala organic. Choncho, ntchito kupanga mankhwala bromine munali. Ndipo apa m'pofunika kukhala osamala, chifukwa ntchito zawo yaitali kungayambitse matenda - bromism. Zizindikiro zazikulu - ulesi, kutopa, zotupa pa khungu. Pakuti mofulumira kuchotsa ayoni bromine m'thupi kudya pang'ono ndi okhutira mkulu mchere ndi zambiri chakumwa. More bromine ntchito madzi pamisinkhu wapakatikati wa retardants kupanga - zinthu kuteteza pawiri organic wa ignitions. Iwo impregnated nsalu, matabwa pomanga mfundo.