Origin Language: mbalume ndi malingaliro

Chimodzi cha zinsinsi zovuta kwambiri moyo wa munthu ndi chinenero. Pamene iye anaonekera, n'chifukwa chiyani anthu amakonda kulankhula ndi izo, komwe pa dziko kotero mitundu kwambiri ya kulankhula? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa ndi nkhani ya kafukufuku.

Sitingawerenge Tizilombo za chiyambi cha chinenero

Ngati tiyang'ana pa chiyambi cha chinenero, chiphunzitso amatiuza zambiri. Onse m'magulu awiri: chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe.

Gulu loyamba la ziphunzitso amanena kuti chitukuko cha dera zinenero anthu kugwirizana ndi kukula kwa ubongo wake ndi zida amapilira. Ichi ndi chiphunzitso cha onomatopoeia, umene umati mawu kulankhula ndi munthu anaonekera ngati Potsanzira zochitika za dziko. Mwachitsanzo, anthu anamva phokoso la mphepo, mbalame kulira, bestial kubangula ndi kulenga mawu.

chiphunzitso ikufotokoza za chiyambi ndi chitukuko cha chinenero potsanzira phokoso zachilengedwe, posakhalitsa anakana. Zoonadi, pali mawu amene amatsanzira phokoso la dziko loyandikira. Koma makamaka kumva chikhalidwe m'mizinda yathu salinso anamva, ndi mawu atsopano analengedwa m'njira zina.

Chiyambi cha chinenero, chitukuko ndi chiphunzitso cha mawu ndi mawu - zonsezi ndi nkhani ya maphunziro philology. Kale kalelo ichi chidachitika ndi asayansi, ndipo unachita kamodzi chiphunzitso cha interjections. Izo chinayamba m'zaka za m'ma 18.

Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti mawu pachiyambi kusonyeza osiyana limati maganizo, ndipo woyamba anaonekera mu kulankhula zolira maganizo.

mgwirizanowo chikhalidwe

Ambiri ankafufuza chiyambi cha chinenero, zilankhulo monga sayansi anayamba asayansi awa. Pang'onopang'ono, chiphunzitso zamoyo chiyambi cha chinenero anali atakanidwa, iwo anali m'malo ndi chikhalidwe.

Chotero mfundo za chinenero anaonekera kalekale. Diodor Sitsiliysky ankanena kuti anthu anagwirizana ndi mzake za mmene dzina zinthu mwa njira inayake. maganizo amakonzedwa French nzeru zapamwamba Jean-Zhak Russo m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu.

maganizo Chichewa '

Chiyambi ndi chitukuko cha chinenero wakhala anakopeka asayansi amene ankafuna kuthetsa mwambi. panali ntchito Fridriha Engelsa "Ntchito ya Labor mu kusintha kwa nyani kwa Munthu" mu 1876. The lingaliro lalikulu, zomwe zimabweretsa Chichewa, ndi Kuyankhula chinathandiza kusintha kwa nyani ndi munthu ndipo anayamba gulu lonse pa olowa kanthu ntchito. Pamodzi ndi Karlom Marksom, Chichewa analenga kwambiri ntchito pa chitukuko cha mawu. Ambiri malingaliro wotsatira za chiyambi cha chinenero unachokera mu Marx ndi Chichewa.

Malinga ndi maganizo a Chichewa, chinenero ndi chikumbu umafananirako wina ndi mzake, ndi chifukwa cha chikumbumtima ndi zothandiza zochita za anthu. Pang'onopang'ono, ndi chitukuko cha anthu, pali zinenero zina zambiri zosiyana za kulankhula kwa anthu ndi mawu a chikumbumtima osankhika strata a anthu amakhala chinenero zolembalemba, amene ankatsutsa chilankhulo cha dziko. Choncho, malinga ndi maganizo Chichewa, ndi chitukuko cha German ndi English zinenero.

The ochokera kwa Mulungu a chinenero

Language, kuphatikizapo mabuku, ndi mphatso yopatsidwa kwa munthuyu kuposa Mulungu. Tinaganiza anzeru ambiri a m'mbuyomu. Grigoriy Nissky, wotchuka Mkhristu woganiza, analemba kuti "mphatso ya kulankhula anapatsa mwamuna Mulungu." Maganizo otere ukachitikire ndi Vilgelm Gumboldt. Malinga ndi iye, kulankhula unapatsidwa kwa munthu ndi mphamvu Mulungu, ndipo zimenezi zachitika, m'kamphindi, popanda chitukuko isanafike. Pamodzi ndi chilengedwe cha thupi Mulungu anaika mumtima wake ndi kulankhula. Ndi mfundo imeneyi, ndi kungoganizira chomwecho monogenesis zinenero ndi nkhani ya m'Baibulo ya momwe Ambuye nadodometsa m'zilembo anthu, kuti iwo sakanakhoza pomvetsetsana.

Baibulo limeneli anayamba kupanga akatswiri monga Alfredo Trombetti, Nicholas Marr, Alexander Melnychuk. American zilankhulo Morris Swadesh anatsimikizira kukhalako kwa macrofamilies lalikulu chinenero ndiponso achibale pakati pawo. Yaikulu gulu - nostratic, kumaphatikizapo Kartvelian, Dravidian, Altaic, m'zilembo Eskimo-Aleut. iwo onse ali ofanana.

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za magwero ena a iwo.

Chiyambi cha chinenero Russian: Old nthawi

Chirasha ndi mmodzi wa anthu otchuka mu dziko. Iwo chimalankhulidwa ndi anthu pafupifupi miliyoni 260. Ndi wachisanu wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko.

Mbiri ya chinenero cha Chirasha nthaŵi angapo. Nthawi yoyamba ya chitukuko - pa Russian wakale, umene unatha ku chimodzi kwa chinayi m'ma AD. Old nthawi kugawidwa ndi preliterate, mpaka m'ma 11, ndi olembedwa, kuyambira zaka 11. Koma m'zaka za m'ma 11 pali azingokhala chakale mu zinenero zina zambiri zosiyana. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha nkhondo ya Chitata, ndi gulu la Russia ogwirizana mu maiko osiyanasiyana. Chiyambi cha Chirasha ano unachokera mu nthawi ina, koma masiku ano pali zigawo chachikale chinkawavuta a mawu.

Old Russian nthawi

The nthawi yachiwiri chitukuko - Staraya Russa, chimene chinafika pa chinayi m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri. Pa nthawi iyi, mu chikhalidwe chimodzi azikhala zigawo ziwiri zosiyana - Mpingo ndi Russian mabuku a chinenero ndi leni Russian chinenero zolembalemba, zochokera m'zilembo za anthu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iwo amayamba yakulamulira Moscow Koine.

Mbiri ya chinenero cha Chirasha amalola kuti muone inakhalapo, kodi makhalidwe ake anasowa mu ndondomeko ya mapangidwe. Kale mu Old Russian nthawi mbisoweka mbali monga wapawiri, chinazilala mitundu vocative (zomwe Komabe, anakhalabe mu chinenero Chiyukireniya), anali ogwirizana a declination.

Chirasha national

Chiyambi cha mapangidwe Chirasha mtundu ankaona m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri atumwi. Magwero a chimake ake pano chikukhudza nthawi ina, ndicho cha m'ma 19. Great chikoka pa mapangidwe ake anali dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin.

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu pang'onopang'ono itsekeke pang'ono kuchuluka kwa ntchito chinenero Church Chisilavo, monga anthu umakhala yolembedwa ndi chidziko amalemekezedwa. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu anaika galamala Russian ndi kalembedwe, ndi ntchito yaikulu izi ankaimba ndi Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov. Wake "Russian galamala" amakhala maziko asayansi tsogolo ndi akatswiri a zinenero ndi onse amene ali ndi chidwi galamala Russian, lexicology, kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe.

ntchito Pushkin anali potsiriza anapanga Russian chinenero zolembalemba n'kulola kuti kutenga malo ake oyenera mu dziko. Russian kulankhula mayiko yodziwika ndi chakuti ntchito ya ngongole si mkulu mu izo. Ngati m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, anadza ku chinenero Polish mu chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu - kuchokera Dutch ndi German m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi patsogolo pa French, ndi zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri oyamba - English. Ndipo tsopano mawu akuchokera English, ndi yochuluka.

Kodi izo kudziwika katswiri mu munda wa kafukufuku, monga chiyambi cha chinenero? Nthanthi ndi lambiri, makamaka chinenero Russian, koma mapeto a nkhani iyi sichinayambe Mukalongosola, ndipo pa nthawiyo.

Kodi chinenero Chiyukireniya

chilankhulo Chiyukireniya anaonekera pa maziko a chilankhulo chomwecho monga Russian. Chiyambi cha chinenero Chiyukireniya limabweretsa m'ma chakhumi ndi chinayi. Mu nthawi ya ku chakhumi ndi chinayi m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu anayamba zaka Chiyukireniya, ndi mochedwa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu - ndi masiku Chiyukireniya.

Ndizosowa mabuku chinenero Chiyukireniya anayamba Ivan Petrovich Kotlyarevsky amene analenga ntchito osafa "Aeneid" ndi "Natalka Poltavka". Mu nawo, mochenjera Chili amajambulapo maluwa okongola mabuku akale ndi zenizeni yofanana. Koma magwero a chilankhulo Chiyukireniya, asayansi ambiri kuperekedwa pa zilandiridwenso Tarasa Grigorevicha Shevchenko. Ndi yotsirizira kubweretsa mlingo wa Chiyukireniya achilendo zinenero dziko. Zilandiridwenso Shevchenko Chiyukireniya kuthi maganizo awo. ntchito monga "Kobzar", "Mayi", "Dream" amasuliridwa m'zinenero zina za dziko, ndi wolemba anapanga gulu la olemba otchuka ndi nzeru ena, amene anapatsa anthu makhalidwe atsopano.

Chiyambi cha chinenero Chiyukireniya amaphunzira ndi ofufuza ambiri, kuphatikizapo asayansi odziwika Canada.

N'chifukwa chiyani wotchuka English

English ndi ofala kwambiri mu dziko pambuyo Chimandarini Chinese ndi Spanish. chiwerengero cha anthu kuyankhula izo, amamuchititsa anthu biliyoni.

Magwero a zinenero dziko kwa onse, makamaka amene kuphunzira English. Tsopano chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu malonda, malonda, mgwirizano padziko lonse, ndipo izi chifukwa chakuti Britain anagonjetsa theka dziko m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Panopa wokondwa yaikulu pa dziko ndi United States, mkulu m'chilankhulo ndi English.

Mbiri ya chinenero Shakespeare lagawidwa panyengo zosiyanasiyana. Anglo analipo kuchokera wachisanu ndi khumi m'ma AD, Middle English - kuchokera khumi m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi khumi ndi nthawi yathu pali New England. Izo ziyenera kuti chiyambi cha chinenero Latin ali kwambiri kuchita ndi chiyambi cha English.

Mu mapangidwe mawu British anakhudza zinenero yofunika a mafuko osiyanasiyana amene ankakhala mu dziko kwa nthawi yaitali, komanso chinenero Viking, omwe atalanda chilumba. Kenako anabwera Normandy ku Britain. Chifukwa cha iwo, mu chilankhulo English anali nkhokwe yaikulu ya mawu French. Uilyam Shekspir - wolemba amene wapanga chopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha anthu a chinenero Albion. ntchito akhala chikhalidwe cholowa cha British. Chiyambi cha chinenero, chiphunzitso komwe kuli ambiri, chifukwa chikoka cha olemba otchuka.

Tsopano English ali ndi udindo waukulu mu dziko. Ndi njira kulankhulana pa Intaneti, sayansi ndi malonda. Ambiri mwa njira kukambirana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, makalata zamtendere zikuchitika mu Chingerezi.

Chiwerengero cha m'zilembo ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Koma zotsutsana ndi zina Mabaibulo aliyense English ndi American.