Mafunso otani amene akuyankhidwa ndi mneni? Mneni amayankha mafunso ... kasewenzetsedwe ka mau Table

Kuphunzira chinenero cha Chirasha ku sukulu zasekondale zikuphatikizapo ankadziwa mbali ya kulankhula monga mneni ndi. Kodi mawu a gulu ili, ndi mafunso otani amene akuyankhidwa mawu akuti, ana amaphunzira mu kalasi chachiwiri. Koma musanayambe ndi kusanthula nkhaniyi, m'pofunika timudziwe bwino tanthauzo sayansi, yomwe imapita motere: mneni - ndi mmodzi wa palokha chachikulu cha mbali yaikulu ya kulankhula zimene zikusonyeza kanthu imene yabala nkhaniyo. Nthawi zambiri izo tingasonyezere boma (kukhala), chuma (chibwibwi), ulemu (ofanana), ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale chizindikiro (kutembenukira buluu).

Kodi infinitive?

Kuyambira kalasi wachiwiri, ophunzira kuphunzira kuti mneni amayankha mafunso a zoyenera kuchita? kapena chochita? Ndi mu mawonekedwe kanthu ndi infinitive. M'mawu ena, ndi kalekale mawonekedwe lomwe lili ndi zizindikiro okhazikika chosakhalitsa. Mawu kuti muyankhe mafunso anawagwiritsa kalekale, chiganizo kungakhale:

• Phunziro. Mwachitsanzo: kuphunzira zonse zothandiza.
• Mkhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo: Kwa mvula.
• Kuwonjezera. Mwachitsanzo: onse anamufunsa kusewera.
• Tanthauzo. Mwachitsanzo: Iye anali ndi chilakolako chofuna yosalephera kudya.
• Mavuto. Mwachitsanzo: ndinapita kukayenda.

ndi transitive ndi intransitive kasewenzetsedwe ka mau chiyani?

Khama transitive mneni zikusonyeza kuti mbali imeneyi ya kulankhula mwina angathe kulimbikitsa nauni kugwirizana, kusintha kwake accusative mu genitive lapansi. Ndi mbali ya mawu kusonyeza kanthu, wotchedwa kusintha. Mwachitsanzo:

Werengani buku - chachikazi. mu V. p., inde mawu.

Kodi simunawerenge mabuku - chachikazi. mu F. p. mawonekedwe zoipa watero lapansi.

Onse a kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi intransitive, ambiri a iwo otchedwa mozungulira-kusamba.

Recoverability ndi waufupi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau

Pamene mneni amayankha mafunso a zoyenera kuchita? kapena chochita? ndi mamangidwe ake ali preformative Xia suffix: kuseka, odzikuza, mantha kuphunzira, kupeza, kukhutiritsa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amenewa amachedwa kobwereza. Monga ulamuliro, mitundu imeneyi zichokera kwa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau popanda Xia (kuphunzitsa, kukhutiritsa kupeza), koma osati nthawi zonse, pali kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amene alibe chifanizo cha mawonekedwe (wonyada, kuseka, mantha). kasewenzetsedwe ka mau Reflexive mukhoza kuchita zinthu zingapo matanthauzo:

• umalimbana zotsatirazi: makonda, wosambitsa, kuchisa, tsitsi;
• modalirana zotsatira za nkhani ziwiri kapena zambiri: chibwenzi zimachitikira, ndiyetu;
• ochitidwa chodzikonda: kumanga, paketi;
• paokha chilli amati: nkhawa, sangalalani, kusangalala akwiye;
• yogwira angathe umboni wa munthu: kuluma (kuluma mungathe);
• kuthekera chabe chinthu Mbali: kumenyedwa (akhoza kuswa);
• impersonality chizindikiro: ngati mdima, mphodza.

Monga ulamuliro, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau onse reflexive si chosakhalitsa, koma pali kuchotserapo: mantha, manyazi abambo.

Wangwiro ndi wopanda ungwiro mitundu ya kasewenzetsedwe ka mau

Malinga ndi okhazikika morphological Mbali zokhudza chikhalidwe cha otaya kanthu kapena kugawa ake mu nthawi, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau angakhale wangwiro (CB) ndi maonekedwe opanda ungwiro (PDR).

Choncho, mafunso otani amene akuyankhidwa mneni CB? The infinitive ndi funso chochita? Monga ulamuliro, mtundu uwu tanthauzo la kanthu akhoza idzatha (kuwerenga) kapena wafika ena malire (kuonda) maonekedwe. Childs, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awa kufotokoza mfundo. Mwachitsanzo: Panali yozizira, kunali kuzizira ndipo kunagwa chipale chofewa.

Mu mawu m'kamwa akhoza inamva ntchito mawu akuti ngati mfundo za zochita mobwerezabwereza. Mwachitsanzo: Choncho iye: izo akusekerera kulira.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngati mawu a indeterminate mawonekedwe (NCW) ndiye yankho zoyenera kuchita? mawu amenewa sanena wathunthu kapena wafika ina ya kanthu. Komabe, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awa ntchito zambiri, ndipo angatanthauze zinthu zingapo:

• Action monga njira. Mwachitsanzo: Panali oyambirira masika, dzuwa likuwala ndi chisanu mwamsanga kusungunuka.
• Kubwereza kanthu. Mwachitsanzo: Nthawi zambiri amaganizira.
• A chiŵerengero nthawi zonse mutu wina ndi mzake. Mwachitsanzo: Lenin ndi Pushkin Streets intersect.
• N'chimodzimodzi mtengo SW. Mwachitsanzo: Ndawerenga nkhani imeneyi. - I kale kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

ndingaliro kasewenzetsedwe ka mau

Wofuna kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi impermanent morphological Mbali ndipo ali mitundu itatu: zimasonyeza, kuyesetsa ndi subjunctive. Aliyense wa iwo akufotokoza ubwenzi wapadera kuchita tsiku.

Choncho, maganizo zimasonyeza amasonyeza kanthu kwenikweni kuti zachitika kale, zikuchitika tsopano kapena zidzachitika m'tsogolo. Pa mfundo imeneyi, tikhoza kunena, mafunso otani amene akuyankhidwa mneni zimasonyeza maganizo: chochita? kodi? ndi chimene ndidzachita chiyani?

The kuyesetsa wa mneni, kapena monga iwo ukutchedwa, ndi kuyesetsa Ndipotu, ndi kutsogolera zinthu m'njira iliyonse. Kungakhale pemphero, pempho kapena lamulo. Monga maganizo zimasonyeza, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kuyesetsa zingasinthe nthawi. Mapangidwe mawu amenewa kumachitika ndi suffix -u kapena ayi. Komanso, maganizo uyu wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ukhoza kukhala mmodzi ndi zochuluka. Zero kutha limasonyeza kuti mawu a mmodzi, amene amayankha mafunso a mtundu woyambirira wa mneni: chochita? Ngati mungathe kudziwa mapeto amenewo, ndi makanema. Mwachitsanzo: Samalani - kusamalira, kupita - apite, kukhala - kukhala.

Subjunctive, kapena monga iwo ukutchedwa, pokhapo titachitapo amatanthauza ndi zimenezi, yomwe kudzachitika pokhapo anthu ena kapena zinthu. kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amenewa ndingaliro popangidwa ndi kuika particles kuti mneni zinapita nthawi. Mwachitsanzo: kupita, kuti adziwe.

Kusintha kasewenzetsedwe ka mau nthawi

Time, komanso ndingaliro ya sanali okhazikika morphological mbali, amaonekera ndi mfundo kumene funso pafupifupi kanthu makamaka. Choncho, ngati zochita za zomwe panopa ku funso zachitika kale, ndi nthawi zakale, ngati izo zikuchitika tsopano - tsopano, ndipo ngati zakonzedwa kokha - m'tsogolo.

Mu mapangidwe kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, zinachitika kale ntchito ya suffix -n: m'midzi, anamuona ndi kudziwa, ndi zina zotero. Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu chimatanthauza nthawi ino, akhoza kuzigwiritsa ntchito ndi zochitika. Ndipo nthawi iyi pali imperfective kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amene kale tanenera kale yekha. Mwachitsanzo: Iye ankaganiza kuti iye anali akupita patsogolo.

Mafunso kasewenzetsedwe ka mau tsiku akhoza amaonetsera makhalidwe osiyana:

• Mosalekeza: Kalmius amalowa m'Nyanja ya Azov.
• Mwadongosolo kubwerezabwereza: Nthawi limati madzulo nthano.
• Angathe chosonyeza: Ena amphaka zikande.

N'kosavuta kuti ingoganizani amayankha mafunso a tsogolo mneni pano, chifukwa limasonyeza kanthu zidzachitike pambuyo nkhani za izo. Mwachitsanzo: M'mawa ndimapita kumsika.

anthu kasewenzetsedwe ka mau

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi zimasonyeza ndi kuyesetsa mtsogolo ndi nthawi ino atha wosakhazikika makhalidwe morphological ngati munthu amene amatanthauza munthu amene anachita kanthu. Okwana pali 3 nkhope mawonekedwe:

• 1 munthu - limapanga kanthu iye amene amalankhula za Iye;
• 2 Munthu - kanthu anapanga amene amamvetsera owerenga ndi;
• Munthu 3 - masitepe opanga samenya nawo zokambirana.

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, imene mungamvetse munthu wotchedwa munthu. Vsluchae ngati munthu sangathe udzakhazikitsidwa, ndi mneni yosaoneka. Mwachitsanzo: kukuda, m'bandakucha, mdima.

conjugation wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau

Kusintha kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kwa munthu ndi chiwerengero amatchedwa conjugation.

Zamkatimu kasewenzetsedwe ka mau Chirasha chili ndi mawu amene angatanthauze kuti onse conjugation loyamba ndi lachiwiri (malingana ndi nkhope zawo). kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amenewa amatchedwa zoumbika mosiyanasiyana conjugated.