Mitundu ya predicates: wophweka, anakhala, mwadzina, wapakamwa

Mkhalidwe - ndi mbali yofunika ya maziko kalembedwe wa pempholo. losiyanasiyana predicates chinenero cha Chirasha kuyankha mafunso osiyana, ndi matanthauzo osiyana, anasonyeza mwa madera osiyana a mawu.

Mu chinenero chathu, mneni zambiri transmits kanthu anachita ndi phunziro (The mnyamata akuthamanga). Mu nkhani iyi, iyankha mafunso a "zoyenera kuchita? "Kapena" Kodi? "Ndipo zowonetseredwa ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau.

Pasanathe ambiri, mkhalidwe lingapereke chikhalidwe cha phunziro, chizindikiro chake, ndi kuyankha mafunso, "Kodi nkhaniyi?", "Ndi ndani Munthu uyu?". Umaonetseredwa, motero, kotero mkhalidwe adzakhala mbali zina za mawu.

Chinenero cha Chirasha pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya predicates. Onse ali weniweni (lexical) ndi kalembedwe tanthauzo. Pansi weniweni (lexical) amanena kuti dzina la kanthu kapena chikhalidwe chimenecho mkhalidwe akuitana. (Volga umayenda I -. Zomangamanga.)

Galamala zimadalira mtundu umene pali gawo la kulankhula, kusonyeza mkhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, chiweruzo Volga umayenda alipo, zimasonyeza maganizo, monga mwa chiweruzo I - womanga - nominative, chachimuna, mmodzi.

Taganizirani za mitundu ya predicates pafupi.

Atatu. Mawonekedwe zosavuta ndi mkhalidwe losavuta mawu. Iwo anafotokoza mawu akuti mu umodzi mwachibadwa, izo tichipeza liwu limodzi. (Kukugwa mvula. Ndikadakuuzani anapita kwinakwake. Thamangani pansi ku sitolo.)

Pawiri wapakamwa mkhalidwe (GHS) inamangidwa mogwirizana ndi njira: mneni (wothandiza) + infinitive. Paudindo mawu oyamba ndi zambiri magawo zogwirizana: (kupitiriza, kuyamba, kusiya). Nthawi zambiri wocheperapo kungakhale modal kasewenzetsedwe ka mau: Ayenela womangidwa, etc. (Ivan Ivanovich anali msaki chokoma nkhomaliro. Wophunzira ayenera kuphunzira mwakhama. Ndi nthawi kusuta).

ntchito zoterezi akusowa mneni wothandiza kwa kulanda tanthauzo kalembedwe, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - kufotokoza tanthauzo la lexical lapansi.

Komabe, si ma zonse za infinitive wa mneni ndi wina ndi GHS. Mwa kuphunzira mitundu ya predicates, tiyenera kukumbukira: kuphatikiza kuonedwa kuti GHS wothandiza mneni angakhale ndi watanthauzo lexical tanthauzo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi kuchotsa infinitive, zidzakhala zosatheka kumvetsa zimene uli pangozi mu pempholo. (Ndinayamba kudya. Ndikufuna kugona). Mu zitsanzo zimenezi, mawu anasonyeza ndi chosakwanira lexical tanthauzo, wopanda infinitive kusiya tanthauzo, kotero mu maganizo ndi malo kukhala GHS. Apo ayi (mu mneni yofunika kwambiri) mkhalidwe ndi mawu osavuta komanso infinitive - membala zazing'ono chiganizocho.

The bwana GHS kanthu infinitive ayenera subjectivity (ndinayamba kuphunzira kuvina kwatsopano). Apo ayi, ngati kasewenzetsedwe ka mau adzagwiritsa ntchito mawu osiyana, adzakhala membala yachiwiri ya infinitive (ndinamufunsa kupita ku sitolo). mawu kupita - Kuwonjezera.

Mu mtundu wa predicates sikuthetsa kumeneko. Ovuta kwambiri a iwo - ndi gulu mwadzina mkhalidwe (ICU). Iwo anamanga malinga ndi njira: + wothandiza waukulu gawo. M'menemo wothandiza-mneni anasonyeza mtolo zimayambitsa tanthauzo kalembedwe, ndi zazikulu (nauni, puronauni) ntchito kufotokoza tanthauzo lexical.

Ena zingwe sangakhale ndi lexical awo tanthauzo, koma kukonza galamala. (Iye anali miyala ndi nthaka. Iye ndi miyala ndi nthaka).

Poluznamenatelnye Mitsemphayi ali zowonetseredwa ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kutanthauza dzina, maonekedwe, kukhalapo kapena zizindikiro za chitukuko. Iwo amathandizana mneni lexical malankhulidwe ndi maganizo ena ndi mbali ya mkhalidwe palokha. (Anakhalabe chimanga chosakhwima ndi chilombo. Iye anakhala ndi ine).

Pomaliza, pali chidwi mitsempha (ndinabwerera kukhuta).

mbali mwadzina wa mlongo zowonetseredwa ndi manauni kapena mbali zina mwadzina wa kulankhula.

Mitundu ya predicates kunaonekera pamwamba, kuthandiza kusiyanitsa Chirasha, likhale lowala, zimasonyeza maganizo.