Kodi matenda: tanthauzo, makhalidwe ndi mitundu

chilengedwe ladzala ndi nambala yaikulu "anthu", Pakati pali tizilombo monga mavairasi, mabakiteriya, nkhungu, mogwirizana. Iwo akhoza kukhala mogwirizana wangwiro ndi munthu (sanali tizilombo), kulibe mu thupi lopanda mavuto kwa zinthu zachilendo, koma timagwira ntchito mchikakamizo cha zinthu zina (osadziwika) oopsa kwa anthu, kuchititsa chitukuko cha matenda (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda). Zikhulupiriro zonsezi ikukhudzana bwanji ndi chitukuko cha ndondomeko opatsirana. Kodi matenda, kodi mitundu ndi makhalidwe - m'nkhani.

mfundo zofunika

Infection wotchedwa ubale zovuta kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ali osiyanasiyana lalikulu maonekedwe - kuchokera ophimba asymptomatic kuti chitukuko cha matenda. zimachitika chifukwa cha kubwera kwa bakiteriya (HIV, bowa, tizilombo) kukhala macroorganism poyankha khamu limene tingakhale nalo ku chitetezo anachita yeniyeni.

Features matenda:

1. Contagiousness - luso kufalitsa mwamsanga kwa munthu wodwala wathanzi.
2. Kulunjika - zina yeniyeni bakiteriya zimayambitsa matenda amene Ndi mmene kwa mawonetseredwe ake ndi kutanthauzira maselo kapena zimakhala.
3. Imeneyi - aliyense ndondomeko opatsirana nthaŵi yake.

nthawi

Lingaliro la matenda amadziwikanso zochokera pa cyclicity za ndondomeko pathological. Pamaso pa nthawi mu chitukuko cha khalidwe kwa zizindikiro wina ofanana:

1. Nthawi makulitsidwe - nthawi kuti elapses ku nthawi za oyamba bakiteriya mu thupi la chamoyo bola ngati pali woyamba zizindikiro matenda a matenda. Nthawiyi ukhoza kwa maola angapo kwa zaka zingapo.
2. prodromatsii nyengo - zikamera wa wamba matenda khalidwe la ambiri njira pathologic (mutu, kufooka, kutopa).
3. Pachimake zizindikiro - matenda pachimake. Nthawi imeneyi, kukhala ndi zizindikiro zenizeni za matenda totupa zokhotakhota kutentha lililonse kumenya zimakhala m'deralo.
4. Convalescence - nthawi ya kutha kwa chithunzi matenda ndi achire wodwalayo.

Mitundu njira opatsirana

Kuti kuwona zambiri zavutoli kuti matenda, muyenera kumvetsa chimene icho chiri. Pali ambiri a mwa classifications malingana anayambira, mafunde, kutanthauzira, chiwerengero cha tizilombo ta tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndi zina zotero D..

1. N'chimodzimodzinso malowedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:

• ndondomeko Exogenous - amakhala ndi malowedwe a tizilomboto ku malo akunja;
• amkati ndondomeko - imayendetsa eni salembedwa tizilombo microflora mchikakamizo cha zinthu chowawa.

2. chiyambi:

• mowiriza ndondomeko - yodziwika ndi kusapezeka kwa alowererepo anthu;
• Pilot - matenda ayipanga chongopeka zasayansi.

3. Malinga ndi chiwerengero cha tizilombo:

• monoinfection - chifukwa cha mtundu umodzi wa tizilomboto ya;
• wosanganiza - nawo mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

4. Kuti:

• ndondomeko chachikulu - basi anaonekera matenda;
• yachiwiri ndondomeko - akutsatiridwa ndi Kuwonjezera zina matenda kudwala pa maziko a matenda choyambirira.

5. kutanthauzira:

• malo mawonekedwe - ndi bakiteriya ali yekha pa malo yomwe atagonjetsa mu gulu lake;
• zowombetsa mkota mtundu - ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kufalitsa thupi lonse ndi subsidence zinanso ena Malo okondedwa.

Ngati majeremusi inafikira m'magazi, koma musati kuchulukitsa kumeneko, chikhalidwe wotchedwa viremia (a causative wothandizila - HIV), bacteremia (mabakiteriya), fungemia (bowa), parasitaemia (mogwirizana). Pankhani ya chulutsa magazi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osauka sepsis.

6. akazitumiza:

• pachimake matenda - ali ndi yowala chithunzi matenda zimatha osaposa masabata pang'ono;
• aakulu matenda - yodziwika ndi azimuth aulesi, ukhoza kwa zaka zambiri, iwo ali exacerbation (muyambirenso).

7. Pa Chalk zaka:

• Matenda "zachibwana" - ambiri zimakhudza ana a zaka zapakati pa 2 ndi zaka 10 (nthomba, diphtheria, fever, akuphokosera chifuwa);
• "Kachilombo Wamkulu," lingaliro pakokha, kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amene amayambitsa kupitilira matenda akuluakulu, thupi la mwanayo monga tcheru.

Pali mfundo reinfection ndi superinfection. Mbali yoyamba, munthu amene kwathunthu anachira pambuyo matenda kachilombo kachiwiri ndi tizilomboto chomwecho. Ndi superinfection reinfection akupezeka ngakhale mu njira ya matenda (tizilombo tizilomboto ali laminated pa wina ndi mnzake).

kugwa njira

Pali zotsatirazi malowedwe tizilombo zofunika kusintha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwa chilengedwe mu gulu lake:

• fecal-m'kamwa (alimentary tichipeza, madzi ndi kukhudza-zoweta);
• transmissible (magazi) - zikuphatikizapo kugonana, parenteral ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono;
• aerogenic (airborne fumbi ndi airborne);
• funsani-kugonana, kukhudzana-bala.

Kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri yodziwika ndi njira yeniyeni malowedwe mu zazikulu-chamoyo. Ngati limagwirira HIV ndi linasokonekera, matenda mwina siziwoneka kapena kuvutika mu mawonekedwe ake.

Kutanthauzira kachilombo

Malingana ndi dera lomwe linakhudzidwa, izi mitundu ya matenda:

1. Matumbo. The ndondomeko pathological chikuchitika mu kapepala kakuti m'mimba, wothandizila ndi akulowa fecal-m'kamwa njira. Zikuphatikizapo salmonellosis, kamwazi, rotavirus, tayifodi.
2. Kupuma. ndondomeko kumachitika mu kapepala chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi kupuma, tizilombo ndi "kusuntha" nthawi zambiri kudzera mpweya (fuluwenza, adenovirus matenda, parainfluenza).
3. Kunja. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuipitsanso khungu ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mucous, kuchititsa mafangasi matenda, mphere, microspores STDs.
4. Magazi. The matenda wolowera m'magazi, akutsatiridwa ndi zina thupi lonse (HIV, matenda a chiwindi B, matenda kugwirizana ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono).

matenda matumbo

Taonani makamaka njira pathological mu chitsanzo cha limodzi mwa magulu - matenda matumbo. Kodi matenda a thirakiti m'mimba wa munthu, ndipo kumasiyana motani?

Matenda ankaimira magulu bwino zimayamba ndi nthenda ya bakiteriya, mafangasi ndi chiyambi tizilombo. Tizilombo tizilombo angathe kudutsa m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana pa mundawo matumbo, amaonedwa rotaviruses ndi enteroviruses. Iwo amatha osati kufalitsa ndi fecal-m'kamwa njira, komanso m'malovu pomenya epithelium wa kapepalako chapamwamba kupuma ndi kuchititsa herpetic zilonda zapakhosi.

matenda bakiteriya (nsomba, kamwazi) ndi opatsirana yekha ndi fecal-m'kamwa njira. Matenda a mafangasi chiyambi zimachitika poyankha kusintha mu thupi mkati, akuwuka pansi zochita za mankhwala kapena ntchito yaitali kukonzekera m'thupi, mu immunodeficiency.

rotavirus

Rotavirus matumbo matenda amene chithandizo ayenera kukhala wopambana yake, mfundo, komanso matenda ena alionse ndi theka la milandu matenda a tizilombo pathologies opatsirana matumbo. munthu amene ali ndi yoopsa kwa anthu popeza mapeto a nthawi makulitsidwe mpaka kuchira kwathunthu.

Rotavirus matumbo matenda ana kumachitika ovuta kwambiri kuposa akuluakulu. Khwelero mawonetseredwe pachimake limodzi ndi chithunzi matenda otsatirawa:

• ululu m'mimba;
• kutsekula m'mimba (chopondapo ali ndi woyererako akhoza kukhala magazi wodetsedwa);
• kusanza;
• hyperthermia;
• chimfine mphuno;
• kutupa pakhosi.

Rotavirus matumbo matenda ana nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi kubuka mu masukulu ndi zamkaka. Ndili ndi zaka 5, ana ambiri aona pa ndekha zochita za rotaviruses. Zotsatirazi matenda zimachitika si molimba monga yoyamba matenda.

matenda opaleshoni

odwala ambiri zofuna alowererepo opaleshoni, ndi chidwi ndi funso la mtundu zimene matenda opaleshoni. Iyi ndiyo njira yomweyo thupi la munthu mogwirizana ndi tizilomboto, kokha zikuchitika pa maziko a ntchito kapena zofuna alowererepo opaleshoni kubwezeretsa ntchito ndi matenda ena.

Kodi pachimake (purulent, zosauma, yeniyeni, anaerobic) ndi ndondomeko aakulu (yeniyeni ndi nonspecific).

Malinga ndi malo matenda matenda opaleshoni akutali:

• ndi zimakhala zofewa;
• zimfundo ndi mafupa;
• ubongo ndi nyumba yake;
• wa zinthu zonse m'mimba;
• thoracic M'mimbamo;
• ziwalo m'chiuno;
• munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu kapena ziwalo (mammary England, burashi, siyani ndi zina zotero. d.).

Nthumwi za matenda opaleshoni

Panopa zambiri "alendo" pachimake purulent njira ndi:

• aureus;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• enterococcus;
• E. coli;
• streptococcus;
• Proteus.

Pachipata malowedwe awo ndi zotupa zosiyanasiyana zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana pa mucous ndi khungu, abrasions, kulumidwa, zimakhalapo, ducts zopangitsa (thukuta ndi sebaceous). Ngati munthu ali aakulu foci kudzikundikira tizilombo (zilonda zapakhosi aakulu, rhinitis, mano), iwo kukhala ndi Kulekana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi.

matenda chithandizo

Pa mtima wa kutaya pathological microflora causal chithandizo umalimbana ndi kuthetsa zimene zimayambitsa matenda. Malinga mtundu wa wothandizila ntchito magulu awa a medicaments:

1. Maantibayotiki (ngati tizilomboto - mabakiteriya). Posankha gulu la wothandizira antibacterial ndi kupanga mankhwala makamaka pa maziko a Kupenda bacteriological ndi mtima wa tilinazo munthu wa bakiteriya a.
2. Mavairasi oyambitsa (ngati causative wothandizila - HIV). Mu yomweyi, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi la munthu.
3. Antifungal wothandizila (ngati causative wothandizila - ndi bowa).
4. Worming (ngati tizilomboto - nyongolotsi kapena Chophweka).

Chithandizo cha matenda ana ochepera zaka 2 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chipatala, pofuna kupewa mavuto zotheka.

Pomaliza

Pambuyo pakutchulidwa matenda, pokhala nacho tizilomboto makamaka, katswiri amathera zosiyanasiyana kudziŵa kufunika m'chipatala. Onetsetsani kuti mwachindunji dzina la matenda matenda enieni, osati mawu "matendawa". Mbiri ya matenda, amene adzabereka chithandizo kuchipatala, muli mfundo zonse za mu magawo a matenda ndi mankhwala a matenda makamaka. Popanda kufunika hospitalize wodwala nkhani zonsezi zalembedwa mu outpatient mapu.