Brown mafuta anthu: fotokozani ntchito ndi mbali

Kodi bulauni mafuta? Kodi ntchito izo anachita chiyani? Pa mafunso amenewa ndi ena ife adzayankha m'nkhani ino. Mu thupi la munthu pali mitundu iwiri ya mafuta zinthu: Brown (mleme - chifukwa moto mafuta amapereka thermogenesis ndi kutitengera kutentha) ndi woyera (a Wat - anaikira yosungirako mphamvu). Anthu amene ali wonenepa amakonda bulauni mafuta ndi zochepa, ndi woyera - kwambiri.

ntchito

Brown mafuta zimathandiza thupi kukhalabe kutentha zonse. limagwirira iyi akutchedwa thermogenesis. Pali mitundu iwiri ya thermogenesis: ndi contractile (ankanjenjemera), imene kutentha m'badwo chifukwa kuchepetsa chigoba minofu (makamaka chodabwitsa - ozizira minofu kugwedeza), ndipo akunjenjemera (ntchito ya bulauni mafuta).

Kuthana ndi zina matenda a munthu kutentha thupi ukuwonjezeka yekha. Ngati munthu amadwala malungo, mwamsanga reorganized dongosolo thermoregulatory ndi adamulowetsa ndipo wayamba ntchito pa mlingo wokwererapo. Ndicho chifukwa chake thupi kutentha Sikuti kuti atsitse digiri 38,5.

thunthu

Choyamba mafuta Brown anapeza nyama. Nyama kuti amagwa hibernation m'nyengo yozizira, mankhwala bwino anakamba, monga mwa nthawi imeneyi kagayidwe kubweza. Poona zimenezi n'zosatheka kukhala thupi kutentha minofu contractions.

Tiyenera bulauni mafuta ndi akudzuka nyama masika: kupyolera mwa iwo kwaiye thupi kutentha KUTENTHA kwambiri kuchuluka, chifukwa chimene nyama n'kudzuka.

eni

Ndithu posachedwapa inali kudziŵika kuti bulauni mafuta alipo okha ana. Zimawathandiza azolowere malo atabadwa. Makanda thunthu ili m'dera la impso, khosi pamodzi kumbuyo chapamwamba, mapewa ndi za 5% yakulemera kwa thupi.

Komanso mu thupi zina ana bulauni mafuta ndi wothira woyera. Pakuti ana bulauni mankhwala n'kofunika kwambiri, monga amaziteteza ku hypothermia, chifukwa chimene makanda msanga zambiri kufa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi zikuluzikulu za ana saganizira ozizira kuposa anthu achikulire.

Maselo a bulauni mafuta ali wapadera khalidwe - pali nambala yaikulu mitochondria (organelles zimene zimachititsa yosungirako mphamvu). Chifukwa cha iwo, iwo, kwenikweni, ndi mtundu wawo. Mitochondria muli mndandanda mapuloteni UCP1, zomwe, anyalanyaza sitepe ya ATP kaphatikizidwe yomweyo otembenuka zidulo mafuta mu kutentha.

Triglycerides (lipids) alipo zikuchokera mafuta ndi zithunzi kuchokera sipangakhalenso chopangidwa ndi kutentha (ATP). Pamene mwana akusowa mphamvu zambiri (mwachitsanzo, kusunga ofunda), mafuta kukumana lipolysis. Chifukwa, pali zidulo mafuta kuti UCP1 maselo a bulauni mafuta amasintha mu kutentha. Chifukwa, kuchepa nkhokwe thupi mafuta. Choyamba anakhala triglycerides mu bulauni mankhwala, ndipo pamene nkhokwe zamadzimadzi kuyamba kusungunuka, ndi woyera nkhanza.

Chifukwa, thupi amachepetsa ake kulemera. Komabe, kwa dzuwa la ndondomeko ya mwana, kubadwa, adye bwino (kuti yambitsa lipolysis muyenera mphamvu), kupuma bwinobwino (kwa yosintha mafuta zidulo amafuna mpweya).

Mwatsoka, wamkulu, limagwirira izi pang'onopang'ono. Patapita milungu ingapo atabadwa kunjenjemera (pa hypothermia anachita) m'malo zochita za chinthu bulauni, makamaka pamene ana kuvala mwachikondi ndi kuwasunga iwo mu chipinda otentha.

anthu akuluakulu

Masiku ano, anapeza kuti bulauni mafuta akuluakulu lilipo. Kwa nthawi yaitali ankaganiza kuti mankhwala wotaya kufunika kwake ndi mapeto a chaka choyamba cha moyo. Komabe, mu 2008 akatswiri anatsimikiza kuti bulauni adipose minofu ndi amakhala osati mu thupi la akulu (kuti zinadziwika mu 1908), koma adamulowetsa ndi ozizira.

kupezeka anapangidwa ndi watsopano kulingalira luso yogwira kagayidwe mu zimakhala. Ife tinkakonda positron umuna-yopangidwa tomography, amene anasonyeza kuti thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi za 20-30 magalamu (zochepa) zinchito bulauni mafuta, makamaka m'dera supraclavicular.

Amadziwika kuti PET-CT detects kagayidwe kachakudya ntchito za minofu. Physiologist Wouter galimoto Marken Lihtenbelt inanena kuti gulu la achinyamata (anthu 24) anapatsidwa mlingo yeniyeni shuga nyukiliya. Ichi chidachitika kuti athe kudziwa yogwira bulauni mafuta ndi chipangizo yeniyeni.

Pambuyo pake, ophunzira kuphunzira zinachititsa kuti, chipinda cha alwendo kutentha chiyani musalumphe madigiri 16. CT jambulani anasonyeza kuti pansi pa khungu la pachifuwa, khosi ndi mimba mafuta ndi 23 Anthu "wothandiza" nsalu ntchito, n'kumawotha anthu m'chipinda ozizira.

Physiologist, ananena kuti akatswiri anadabwa kuona kuti ali kwambiri ndi anthu ambiri. Pamene ayesedwa firiji ophunzira atatu, zofiirira mankhwala sanapezeke. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti nsalu si kutha, koma unatha ntchito zake.

mogwira

Kotero inu mukudziwa kumene munthu ndi zofiirira mafuta. Si zoposa 1-2% ya kulemera kwa thupi. Ndipo komabe, pamene chifundo mantha dongosolo kumapangitsa munthu minofu nyama supercooled amene anazolowera kukhala ozizira, izo kumawonjezera kutentha kwake kupanga. The mphamvu kwaiye angathe kukwaniritsa zina gawo limodzi la kutentha analengedwa mu thupi. Pamene bulauni mafuta ndi adamulowetsa, izo amathera mpaka Watts 300 (ena angaitchule 400 Watts) pa kilogalamu wa munthu wamkulu.

Amadziwika kuti munthu kulemera pafupifupi pa mpumulo yoyaka 1 kW mphamvu. Mphamvu bulauni mafuta, mukhoza pogona ndi kuthera mphamvu nthawi makumi awiri kuposa kale.

woyaka mafuta

Kodi bulauni mafuta? Zimathandiza kuthetsa mafuta. Ngati adamulowetsa, zidulo mafuta kuchokera woyera adipose minofu ndi kunditumiza ku bulauni. Zinthu zoyera uyikidwa mu kapisozi ndi zopangitsa kwa ziwalo, pansi pa khungu. Brown, m'malo yosungiramo mphamvu, moto mu lalikulu zedi. Chifukwa, kutentha anamasulidwa. Zimenezi amatchedwa thermogenesis, anayamba ntchito yake chifukwa mowa owonjezera chakudya.

anapezazo

White ndi zofiirira mafuta - iwo ali zinthu ziwiri zosiyana. Zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni mphamvu bulauni mankhwala ndi zina 20 woposa wa woyera ndi. The bulauni minofu thermogenesis amachita Thermogenin mapuloteni chimalimbikitsa uncoupling kupuma ndi phosphorylation zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni.

Kotero, ife tinapeza kuti mafuta izi bulauni. Kodi kuonjezera kuchuluka mu thupi la munthu mosavuta nkhondo kunenepa? Kuti athetse vutoli, ofufuza ntchito mankhwala okha, komanso njira opaleshoni: ntchito liposuction ali wabwinobwino woyera mafuta Tingafinye, kusandutsa mu bulauni, ndipo anapatsa mwamuna uja.

Theoretically, kuti kuonda, muyenera kapena kuwonjezera ntchito ya thunthu bulauni pa kutentha yachibadwa, kapena kuonjezera chiwerengero ake, kapena kuchita onse woyamba ndi wachiwiri.

Shuga akatswiri Association of United States amakhulupirira kuti bulauni mafuta lili chakudya chofunika kwambiri kwa odwala matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa. , Imatchedwanso kuti ntchito za wathunthu anthu bulauni mafuta ndi kuletsedwa, ndi kuchuluka kwake yafupika. Choncho, posachedwapa n'zotheka zikamera wa mankhwala ndi njira zina za kudzikundikira ndi kutsegula kwa zinthu "zofunika" akuluakulu.