Ikhoza lokhalamo dziko

dziko lokhalamo anthu ofanana Lapansi - ndi wosangalatsa? Ofufuzawa amasonyeza kuti anthu m'chilengedwe si zachilendo. Pafupifupi padziko mmodzi mwa anthu asanu nyenyezi dzuwa ngati, makamaka, anati ndi "Kepler" (NASA) zakuthambo Kanema, anati wamoyo dera - ndi amayenera gawo dziko, dziko limene anthu ena akhoza kumasuliridwa lokhalamo. Kutentha padziko kumathandiza kuti kuli madzi mu gawo madzi (i.e., si kuwira, ndipo sabwerera mu ayezi).

Pakati pa nyenyezi yowala placers

Ozungulira dziko oyenera moyo, mwina kwambiri zosangalatsa ndiponso zabwino. Star, kumene ife "pafupifupi n'kotheka" (pambuyo Alpha Centauri) ili pa mtunda wa zaka 12 kuwala kwa Earth. Kuwalire pa exoplanet matchalitchi anayamba Ceti. Kuti mudziwe: 1 chaka kuwala - ndi 12 miyezi Earth kalendala. Kumbali ya mtunda - miliyoni 9,46 miliyoni makilomita. Malinga ndi mfundo za chilengedwe - kanthu wapadera.

Pakuti earthlings ndi mtunda wosangalatsa. Iwo ali nalo naye kukumana ndi akuluakulu a "kutali kunja". Ngakhale anthu akhala akuyang'ana nyenyezi kwa zaka mu mzere. Ndipo mwina anaganiza kuti: "Kodi pali aliyense mwa ichi lonyezimira placers malo chokhala m'dziko langa?"

Mu 1995, kwa nthawi yoyamba anapeza dziko ndi oyenera moyo. owerenga ambiri dzina lake si bwino: PSR B1257 + 12 B, nyenyezi Popanga madzi a gamma Cephei. Atapeza mndandanda mtengo zachilendo anamukwiyira msanga kudzadza. Poyamba, kutsatira mapulaneti, akatswiri anatsindika mathamangidwe zozungulira (a ziyerekezo kwa mathamangidwe la nyenyeziyo pa mzere pamaso).

kusintha kwa nyengo

Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo, monga zakutali ndi, "Kepler", kugwiritsa kuphunzira chakuti kuwala kwa maplaneti makina nyenyezi awo ( "polumikizira"). Mobwerezabwereza kuzipenya ndi ofufuza kukhulupirira: Iyi ndi matupi akumwamba, koma mawanga osati kwambiri ndi ozizira mdima.

Latsopano mapulaneti oyenera moyo, anayamba kupeza kuti chombo ntchito zowerengera kusanthula njira. Anali kugwira ntchito ndi ndalama yaikulu deta. Pa msonkhano pa NASA ananena kuti mothandizidwa ndi Kanema "Kepler" anapeza mazana a zinthu zingakhale lokhalamo. Ndipo ili si malire!

Yesani kupeza ngati ofufuza masiku ano apeza exoplanets ndi moyo, kapena iwo okha mwina kukumana zina ziti za habitability. Ife tikusowa Titaiganizira. Kophweka: kutalika ndi yaikulu ndipo sangasinthe maluso a sayansi amakono ndi luso.

Palibe moyo popanda madzi

Pakuti munthu amafunsira dziko ndi oyenera moyo? Mwa chidwi? No. Nyengo pa wapadera wathu, wodzala ndi moyo, kusintha mpira. Anthu khate kutentha, kuzizira, kusefukira kwa madzi, fumbi mikuntho. Zonsezi zikhoza kutha mavuto. chidaliro chathu pa mbali ya livability ndi Earth mmodzi yekha osati chimwemwe, komanso nkhawa.

Political, ndalama, anthu, zifukwa sayansi kutichititsa mitundu zamoyo ndi chidwi kwambiri mu habitability, mapulaneti ambiri. Latsopano mapulaneti oyenera moyo kutithandiza kumvetsa makhalidwe a nyengo dziko lapansi, kuona mwayi wa kupulumuka mu zinthu tsogolo nyengo. Polingalira zoti achite kuti asiye kuwonongeka kwa nyengo, kuti pikhadacita kwa kudalira cholimba pa mpweya.

Motero, mayiko monga Choyala, anthu amatha kupeza zopangira magetsi popanda, kusiya kunyoza nyengo Pofuna kukwaniritsa kupeza ndalama ndi chitonthozo. Mwina Pakufunika hardware nsanja watsopano umene ungatithandize kupita ku ulendo wautali.

Venus kutentha

Anthu ambiri akufuna kulosera zimene maganizo awo okutidwa pamene kukumana ndi anthu zakuthambo, pamene iwo afika pa mapulaneti oyenera moyo. Chotero iwo ali ndi chidwi kwambiri m'dera lokhalamo (amatchedwanso "Zlatovlaska"), kumene lakumwamba thupi ndi zolimbitsa pafupifupi kutentha pamwamba. Zimenezi zimathandiza madzi kukhala pakati mafuta ndi boma olimba (ndiye yekha amene angathe "kuphika phala moyo").

dziko A oyenera moyo, asayansi kuyang'ana kwa nthawi yaitali ndiponso mosalekeza. Inde, anthu chiyembekeza kupeza nkhokwe zakuthambo madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito iwo zolinga zothandiza. Komabe, H ₂ O - pafupifupi chizindikiro chachikulu kuli moyo wokhala mu nyenyezi osiyana ndi chilengedwe chonse. Pamene akukhala kumeneko kovuta kutali ndi Dziko Lapansi.

Palinso matupi a m'mwamba, kumene otentha ngati gehena. Zikatero, opangidwa ena tochepa hydrogen ndi oxygen. The mpweya Chili ndi mpweya kupanga mpweya woipa ndi haidrojeni ndiye chabe anapulumuka mu mlengalenga. Izi n'zimene zinachitikira Venus.

Ufumu wa Snow Mfumukazi

Pali mapulaneti kumene mwina kupumula Snow Mfumukazi. Pali nthawi zonse madzi ozizira ndi odzigudubuza kwambiri. Pansi ayezi chivundikiro mwina zimayambitsa nyanja zikuluzikulu ndi madzi a madzimadzi, komabe aziopa gawo. chitsanzo zimawonedwa pa Mafumu ozizira Mars, Jupiter, Saturn.

kaya likhale awo mu dziko chovomerezeka oyenera moyo wa munthu? Ayi, kuno lokhalamo malo muyeso akhakula: The malo theoretically akhoza "kuwaza yoweyula". Mwatsoka, onse anathana Potsatira aone kuti pali yosavuta kutalika kwa nyenyezi "numerator" ndi chikalata kuchuluka kwa mphamvu "mu chimene chachititsa lapansi." Chofunika kwambiri ndi pamaso pa mlengalenga lathuli.

Ndipotu, Venus ndi Mars "moyo" mu dongosolo zathu dzuwa. Koma wandiweyani Venusian m'mlengalenga ladzala ndi carbon dioxide, amene amanyamula mphamvu ya dzuwa ndipo imatulutsa chokhwima zotsatira incandescent ng'anjo likhoza kuwononga moyo zonse. A Mars?

rink Mars

Mosiyana ndi chizindikiro otentha chikondi, pa chizindikiro pankhondo ya umuna mpweya ndi wochepa thupi, izo sichitipeza kutentha, choncho - ndi frighteningly ozizira "bun". Kaya m'mlengalenga zotsutsana Dziko Lapansi (kuphatikiza pamaso pa mapiri ndi mchere) - iwo akhoza kukhala maiko, n'koyenera kuti chitukuko ndi kuteteza moyo.

Ngati antipodes "adagawa zochuluka" akhoza kuchepetsa kutentha ndi kusungunula ayezi ... Ndipo ine tayenda dziko oyenera moyo. Komabe, ichi ndi fantazii.Rassuzhdaya zokhuza kuthekera pamaso pa maiko ena mu Milky Way, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti anafikapo ku woyendera nthambi lokhalamo susintha, ngati mawonekedwe ndi zikuchokera kwa atmospheres Mapulaneti ndi zovuta.

Iwo onse zokhudza nyenyezi, ndipo amatchedwa "atumiki wofiira". Ngakhale ngati zikanatheka kuti matupi akumwamba ali oyenera moyo wa munthu, si mantha amathera masiku awo atazunguliridwa ndi zokongola za mitundu wamagazi. Koma chinthu chachikulu: ndi atumiki achinyamata achangu kwambiri. Zidzachitika yaikulu ndimakwiya dzuwa ndi coronal misa ejections.

Lilliputians yogwira

Izi zotsatira amatipeza zingawononge moyo wa mapulaneti onse, adawoneka pafupi, ngakhale iwo alipo, madzi. The mphamvu ya maginito ya "othamanga Dzuwa" ndi amphamvu kuti akhoza kufafaniza onse "anansi". Koma patapita zaka zingapo miliyoni mazana a ntchito yapamwamba, atumiki wofiira chokhazikika, kenako anatambasula katundu mafuta wake wa hydrogen kwa matrilioni a zaka.

Ngati moyo adzakhala mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko, iwo udzakhala nawo mwayi onse kwa nthawi yaitali kuli pafupi bata pansi "Lilliputians". Ndipo dziko latsopano oyenera moyo wa munthu (chithunzi m'munsimu) adzakhala gracing Vselennuyu.Takim, kukafunafuna nyumba yatsopano pakati pa nyenyezi, kapena moyo m'chilengedwe chonse, ife tikuzindikira kuti zone lokhalamo - yekha chiongoko akhakula.

Field nkhani za spacecraft ndi, "Kepler" - nyenyezi 150,000. Ambiri anali owala kwambiri kuwaona. Koma wantchito wa California zaumisiri Institute Petigura ndi anzake anatha kufufuza 42.000 "mokhudza" nyenyezi anati: chiwerengero cha ofuna pa habitability wa dziko akhoza anatembenuka pa 603.

Kupeza

mapulaneti lokhalamo ndi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Khumi mwa iwo ali mu utali wozungulira wa ku kawiri lalikulu kuposa Earth. Yagwirizana ndi utali wozungulira anakhumba ofufuza ntchito Keck zakutali, anapereka ku Hawaii. kuwerengetsera zovuta zinalengedwa, anayambitsa kusinthidwa kuti asinthe.

Pomaliza kunapezeka kuti pafupifupi 22 peresenti ya nyenyezi dzuwa ngati ndi makina mapulaneti, chokhala kukula kwa Dziko Lapansi, iwo zomwe oyenera moyo. Iripano exoplanets.

Ndanenera kumayambiriro kwa China E matchalitchi anayamba anapeza mu 2012. Ili mu kuwundana Cetus. Amati ndi phungu zosatsimikiza kwa zinthu zinakhazikitsa danga. Nthawi zingapo za dziko ndi kuzungulira nyenyezi (sidereal nthawi) 168 Earth masiku. Kanjira ali pafupi m'madera anthu. Pamwamba kutentha kwa avareji madigiri 70 Celsius (Padziko Lapansi - 15).

Izi "ofuna kugula" unali pa mtunda wa zaka 473 kuunika kwa dziko lapansi ndipo dzina lake Kepler 438b mu kuwundana Lyra. Zimatanthauza nyenyezi Kepler 438, ndiwo 4, 4 biliyoni zaka zoposa dzuwa. Nagonjetsa wofiira nyenyezi yaing'ono likuwala kwambiri kwambiri, mosamala kuyang'ana pa zinthu si kophweka.

Gliese ena

Dziko oyenera moyo kumaphatikizapo zosatsimikiza "Madame" Gliese 667S E. ukuzungulira nyenyezi mu kuwundana wa Scorpio - ndi dongosolo ofiira ndi awiri nyenyezi yaing'ono lalanje. Age "moona kampani" - kuchokera akhoza zimasiyana zaka 2 biliyoni 10. Ndi 22 kuwala zaka Earth. Chaka - masiku 62 (masiku Lapansi).

Kepler186f "amadula ellipses" pafupi ndi wofiira nyenyezi yaing'ono nyenyezi mu kuwundana Cygnus, limene 561 chaka kuwala. nyenyezi si chachikulu ndi otentha ngati dzuwa. Chaka - 131 Earth masiku.

Kapteyn mu "kupota" nyenyezi mu kuwundana Pictor. Ndi lalikulu kuposa Sun - misa nthawi 0,28 utali wozungulira wa - 0,29. Zoposa biliyoni 8 zaka zambiri kuti 13 kuunika-zaka. Kapteyn - unproven exoplanet, tsiku limene kumatenga 48 Earth masiku. Utali wozungulira si asanaganize, kasanu yolemera kuposa Earth.

Tikuyembekezera maiko akutali!

Wolf 1061S amatanthauza nyale ya kuwundana Ophiuchus. Iwo imazungulira synchronously ndi nyenyezi zake. Choncho, mbali imodzi nthawi yotentha, kuzizira ena. Pamaso pake, 14 kuwala zaka. Mwina ndi dziko miyala. Kutentha pamwamba oyenera kuli madzi. Mphamvu yokoka (yokoka) pa Dziko Lapansi pafupifupi kawiri.

Izi si mndandanda wonse wa masamu zingamuthandize! Choncho "Ife m'chilengedwe chonse kwambiri, ndipo ife zovala zosalowa" Ndizo basi kuti ndi yovuta, koma panokha kupeza - ngakhale koposa choncho. Koma ife tikudziwa kuti dziko oyenera moyo wa munthu, pali!