David Bohm: yonena, zithunzi ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Kwadzidzidzi sayansi Devid Bom anathandiza lalikuru osati kwa sayansi ongolankhula, komanso neuropsychology, ndi nzeru. Ntchito pa University Princeton, Bom kwambiri mwachangu anathandizana ndi Albertom Eynshteynom, ankachita nawo plasma sayansi, kwadzidzidzi zimango, chiphunzitso cha zitsulo, chiphunzitso cha particles pulayimale. Mu 1951 David Bohm analemba ntchito ndithu kwa dziko la sayansi, ankaona mfundo zabwino kumasulira chikale wa kwadzidzidzi zimango.

Bom ndi Oppenheimer

Mu banja Ayuda emigrant tikukhala mu United States, mu December 1917, mnyamata anabadwa amene kwenikweni kuchokera mchikuta anayamba mwakhama kufufuza dziko, zodabwitsa ndi mwatsatanetsatane zonse kuzipenya wake. Mu sayansi yeniyeni David Bohm makamaka luso, kuti anatulukira m'banda. Nditamaliza maphunziro a ukachenjede ku Pennsylvania mu 1939, pasanathe zaka zinayi pambuyo pake anakhala Doctor wa Science mu Physics. Iye kumbuyo mlingo wa Davide Bohm ali yunivesite ya California. Monga wophunzira, ndinagwira nawo ndi khama mu zokambirana bwalo, amene anali wotsogozedwa ndi imodzi ndi "makolo" ya bomba la atomiki, Robert Oppenheimer, kumene anakambirana vuto, kutali akusocheretsa ongolankhula sayansi.

Njira choyamba kwa atulukira tsogolo David Bohm, amene mabuku monga mavuto ambiri nthanthi, anali atapereka kale. Iye ankafuna kugwirizana zinthu zonse, vuto, malingaliro - zonse zimene sangathe musakhudze zakuthambo ndi sayansi. Mpaka 1947 David Bohm, katswiri wa sayansi, anaphunzira pa yunivesite ya Berkeley (California) plasma chiphunzitso ndi Synchrocyclotron synchrotron. Mwa zina, ntchito yake ndi mphatso za chilengedwe cha bomba la atomiki Oppenheimer. Iye yekha, monga mwana wa ochokera ku Hungary ndi Chilativiya emigrant polojekiti, ndithudi, sankandilola, mlandu "kusakhulupirika". Kunena zoona, kuti ntchito chinsinsi m'mayiko onse kulola anthu pa talente koma wodalirika.

Bohm ndi Einstein

Mu 1947, pambuyo kusuntha, ndi ntchito watsopano (pulofesa wothandizira ku University Princeton) anayamba kuganiza David Bohm mabuku kuti iye anali kulemba. Basi ndiye anayamba mgwirizano wachangu inde Albertom Eynshteynom amene amasangalala kwambiri Bohm. Mu 1951, anasangalala kwambiri ndi buku loyamba anzake analankhula za iye monga namatetule wa.

Komabe, wolemba David Bohm, kucheza ndi mwini wolemekezeka kwambiri, molondola akutanthauzira kufunsa. Kale pa mapeto a Bom anali otsimikiza za ntchito imeneyi kuti m'pofunika bukhuli. Komabe, si Einstein wina, lonse kwaya sayansi abwenzi anakopa wolemba kufulumira, chifukwa "kwadzidzidzi Chiphunzitsochi" pa mphindi ali ndi kufotokoza bwino za kwadzidzidzi zimango. Buku anatuluka analenga furor mu dziko sayansi. Koma Davide Bohm kupendanso onse mankhwala koyamba ndipo pambuyo angapo nkhani anawonjezera buku. "Kumasulira causal wa kwadzidzidzi zimango" - otchedwa watsopano kutanthauzira vuto sayansi.

kachitidwe kwadzidzidzi

Anzawo otchedwa Bohm lofalitsidwa ntchito ongolankhula chiwonetsero cha okwana ichi, pafupifupi lachinsinsi kukhulupirira mwayi wa dziko phenomenal, mu lonse chonse chenicheni. Mfundo imeneyi ndi mtima wonse kuti athetse mavuto onse amene zinayenda mpaka mapeto a moyo wake Devid Bom. Holographic Chilengedwe, monga lingaliro, ali inagwetsa ku nsonga ya cholembera chake ndi chifukwa cha kusinkhasinkha lingathe kwadzidzidzi.

Orthodox kwadzidzidzi chiphunzitso Bohm tsopano ankaona chosakwanira, anakana indeterminacy ake, poganiza kuti aliyense tinthu ndi zoyenda njira yake anatsimikiza osati osati kwambiri malamulo yosavuta sayansi, iwo akulamulidwa ndi mfundo panopa yogwira za chilengedwe cha particles ku dziko lonse lapansi.

kuthekera kwadzidzidzi

Ntchito imeneyi chimakhudzana anayamba yekha mu 70s, pa mapeto a moyo wake, koma asayansi monga Bom Devid, holographic mfundo chilengedwe sakanakhoza anamanga. Nthawi yokha amafuna kudziwa zimenezi. Monga makina ounikira amachititsa ngalawa mu mafunde chosefukira nyanja, ndipo aliyense tinthu si "mafunde chilengedwe chonse," zonse mu gulu umadalira pa katundu wa kuthekera kwadzidzidzi, osati mtunda ndi wautali nthawi, chilichonse chimatenga pa ubale kwadzidzidzi kachitidwe.

Choncho, kupanga lingaliro ili anakhala Malonje oyamba a mudziwe mu kuya kwambiri chiphunzitso thupi, ndipo tsopano ntchito za chiphunzitso David Bohm ndi zopanda wa kwadzidzidzi masovedwe ndi zambiri. Pali mwayi zosiyanasiyana maganizo, ngakhale kwambiri mwakuwoneka delirious. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali milingo ina mochenjera chenicheni? Ndipo pa mphambu ili pa Boma ndimaganizo - kwadzidzidzi, nonlocal zobisika zosintha. Iye walemba mapepala angapo pankhani imeneyi, yomwe kenako zinachititsa kuti ganizo kuyesera takambirana lero Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen chododometsa ndi lochitira Bell.

policy

Popeza wophunzira gulu, amene membala anali Bohm, chinkhoswe osati sayansi, komanso malingaliro nzeru zaumunthu, kuphatikizapo chikominisi, abwenzi ake ndi anzake anamangidwa pa kudwala-fated tsiku limodzi. Ine ndinapita mu 1950, ambiri ponseponse McCarthyism mu United States. Davide anavutika tsoka chomwecho, koma ndi comrades wake anakana kupereka umboni.

Ngakhale kuti iye anali m'ndende ndi kuchotsedwa ofunda milandu onse, Princeton University sanavomereze kuti ndipitirize ntchito yake. Ngakhale Einstein ndi zopempha mwamsanga, amayembekezera mgwirizano nanu Bohm, analephera. Utsogoleli yunivesite sanapite kukumana ngakhale wasayansi waluntha. Ena nthawi Bohm ntchito mu Brazil, ndiye mu Israeli, kumene anakumana ndi Sarah Wolfson, mkazi wake.

zatsopano

Haifa anakhala malo wodziwika bwino ndi wokondwa kuti Bohm. Awiri a ophunzira ake, mwapadera yowala umunthu anali anzake, ndi iwo anali anapanga kutulukira zinthu zina zodabwitsa kwambiri m'munda wa kwadzidzidzi sayansi. maina awa kulikonse akutchulidwira pamodzi ndi dzina la David Bohm - Gideon Karmi ndi Yakir Aharonov. Mu 1957, Dipatimenti ya Bristol (UK) yoperekedwa kwa iye, ndipo Bohm anavomera.

Kumeneko ndi Aroni anatsegula "Aharonov-Bohm zotsatira" pa luso la ma elekitironi kumva maginito, ngakhale kumene izo sizinali. 1961 TH Bohm anapanga pulofesa mu sayansi ongolankhula. Izi zachitika kale mu zina kutalika mlingo wa sayansi Birkbeck College (University of London). Pali Bohm ntchito mpaka pantchito mpaka 1984.

Physics ndi Philosophy

Iwo kalekale nthawi imene Bohm anaona kufunika kubweretsa pamodzi awiriwa maganizo dziko. Mu 1959, anali kuwerenga ntchito ya nzeru zapamwamba Indian ndi kufanana kwa maganizo awo pa zinthu zambiri inagwedezeka. Koma mphamvu lalikulu kuphunzira ubale wa nzeru ndi sayansi anakamba nkhani Krishnamurti ndi David Bohm, umene inawo mobwerezabwereza anadabwa ndi kukhalapo kufanana ambiri masomphenya a dziko anthu awiri osiyana kwambiri. ubwenzi wawo zaka zopitirira zana kotala. Mwamwayi anthu, kukambirana za anthu awiri ophunzira sikuti kumizidwa mu chisokonezeko, ndipo zotsatira zake. Iwo anali mabuku: «Science, Order ndi Timagalasi», «The Mapeto a Time», «Wholeness ndi Implicate Order».

Kumasulira kwadzidzidzi zimango anali kugwira ntchito mpaka mapeto a moyo wa Davide Bohm, deploys kufunika anali chitukuko cha chitsanzo holographic wa loukitsa ndi chiphunzitso cha "holomovement" (holomovement), ndiponso makhalidwe awiri awa inamera zikulumikizana zambiri amphamvu. Malinga ndi iwo, mbali iliyonse ya dziko mu mlengalenga ndipo nthawi imadzibwereza yokha mu chilichonse chimene chili mu chilengedwe chonse, ndi kulolerana wa osati panopa komanso m'tsogolo ndipo m'mbuyomu. Ndiko, lililonse gawo lili ndi mfundo za chinthu chonsecho. Kuphunzira selo likhoza kukhala wodziwika chilengedwe. Mfundo imeneyi - osati kuzigwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa maganizo "kodi pansipa, kenako pamwamba pa" zambiri otukuka Bacon ndipo kenako Roerich ndi Blavatsky Komabe - mu chigawo cha nzeru. Koma wholeness chilengedwe chonse ndiponso kuti chobisika Devid Bom ali anakangana ndi thandizo la sayansi.

chotsatirapo cha

Neurophysiologist Karl Pribram la America ntchito maganizo a Bohm, kupanga holographic chitsanzo cha ubongo, ndipo unali kunapezeka. A sayansi ku Netherlands ndi Nobel Gerart Hooft ntchito zake amaipidwa ndi chitukuko holographic chilengedwe, woyambitsa amene anali Davide Bohm, atumiza kufunika kwa tinthu anamuthandiza kuthetsa vuto limodzi osatha a sayansi - kupereka maulosi wololera ndipo mwamasamu lolondola ndi chiphunzitso cha ankachita electroweak kwa kugwirizana kwa anthuwo, pa koyamba, minda amene m'chilengedwe chonse.

Iye anakonza mfundo holographic, chimene mfundo zonse za m'munda ena akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati hologram, ndipo ndinaganiza - ndi chinthu chilengedwe zilandiridwenso monga ananena ndi Davide Bohm. Kukhulupirika ndi kuti chobisika - kuti mfundo imeneyi ndipo anadabwa ndipo anapitiriza otsatira ake Bohm. Iwo anali munthu chidwi, zomwe kunathandiza yaikulu mogwirizana mtanda chikhalidwe. Akewo privechali wotchedwa Dalai Lama ndi atsogoleri a North America Amwenye, iye anali mfundo zambiri onse kuposa monga wasayansi. Mu 1990, iye analipira umembala wa Royal Society. Ndipo mu 1992, ndili ndi zaka semidesyatichetyrohletnem, David Bohm kuwawa mumtima ndipo anafa ali ndi khunyu. pamanja Last anakhalabe mu tebulo. Iye ankatchedwa: "The chosagawanika Chilengedwe". Ontological kutanthauzira chiphunzitso kwadzidzidzi akadali anakwanitsa kumaliza David Bohm. Umphumphu wa chilengedwe chonse mobwerezabwereza yokha mu umphumphu wa umunthu wa munthu.

"A lingaliro kupenga"

Lingaliro la chikhalidwe zachiphamaso za chilengedwe, amene anapereka dziko David Bohm, nkhani sayansi ndi nzeru ena sanasiyidwe lero. Poti ku chiyembekezo ichi kwathunthu oschelomlyayuschee: Cholinga chenicheni kulibe, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa kachulukidwe mwina izo, pa mtima wa chilengedwe chake - zokongola mwatsatanetsatane hologram, chimphona malodza. Kodi hologram? Izi chithunzi atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena, kutsegula laser milimo. Kodi zimenezi, aliyense amadziwa lero.

Kujambulidwa ndi kuunikiridwa ndi laser mtengo, ndipo chachiwiri, kuwonjezera pa kuwala anasonyeza kuti kujambulidwa amapereka kusinthana wina wa maxima ndi minima kunyezimira kwa, yemwe ndi kuwasokoneza image, zikunenedwa bwino pa filimu. Pamene maso imagwera pa chithunzi chifukwa, sikutheka kuti kanthu kali konse - pa izo interbedded mdima ndi kuunika mizere, ndi mwamtheradi sazindikira. Komabe, walangizidwa mtengo wina laser, fano atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena chimaonetsedwa yomweyo, ndipo zidzakhala chimodzimodzi choyambirira chinthu. Ndicho za izo ndipo anauza Davide Bohm - The Holographic Chilengedwe, mfundo ndi zabodza. Kenako, buku dzina Maykl Talbot - "Holographic Chilengedwe".

katundu wina

Ndipo ichi si chuma chidwi - atatu dimensionality. Hologram chibadidwe ndi zina zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kudula mu theka hologram iliyonse chinthu akuunika laser ndi, amalola fano lonse theka lililonse la phunziro lomwelo, kwa yofanana. Ndipo gawo ili mukhoza kupitiriza. Ngakhale chidutswa zing'onozing'ono chinthu wapezeka. Ndiko kuti, mbali iliyonse ya hologram ali zokhudza nkhani zonse, ndi kuchepetsa njila mu sharpness.

Mfundo yaikulu ya hologram ndi kuti gawo lirilonse la lonse lili izo zonse palimodzi. Iwo amalola kuti mosiyana kuchitira bungwe ndi mwadongosolo. Chiphunzitso cha woyendetsa yoweyula, ngakhale anabadwa mu 1927 ndi Lui De Broglie - woyamba Chitsanzo chodziwika zosintha kubisika. Rethinking ndi "kudzudzula" chiphunzitso ichi, n'zotheka kumvetsa amisala kwambiri choonadi, monga mmene anachitira Davide Bohm. "Anthu oterewa-yoweyula" anabweretsa anafotokoza mfundo monga chododometsa wa mphaka Schrodinger a ndi kugwa nthawi ya ntchito yoweyula.

Physics ndi Masamu

Pafupifupi onse kutanthauzira kwa kwadzidzidzi zimango ntchito zamawonekedwe masamu, izo ndi umboni experimental. Ngakhale kusokonezedwa Einstein zopanda (liwiro ndi wofanana ndi kuwala kumayendera), mwanjira ma elekitironi kudziwa zonse za mnzake, ali millimeters khumi kapena khumi parsecs padera. Aliyense tinthu ndi amazipanga akuzindikira zimene ena akuchita. Osati kulankhulana, ayi. Osati kucheza. Osati mwachinsinsi chizindikiro. Basi kugawanika kwa zabodza zawo. Ndicho chimene iye anayesa kufotokozera dziko David Bohm: a holographic chilengedwe, holographic.

Basi pa mlingo zina zenizeni, mwina zakuya, particles awa - zinthu si munthu, koma mfundo nkhani yowonjezera zambiri ofunika. Pali mlingo wa chowonadi, chobisika kwa ife, zikuluzikulu gawo. particles sali mbali osiyana, ali nkhope. Mgwirizano ndi wosaoneka ndi holographic, onse zenizeni thupi imakhala phantoms, ndipo timaona m'chilengedwe - chabe ziyerekezo. Ife ndithudi kwenikweni kulibe. Kodi kwenikweni amanyamula hologram chilengedwe - palibe aliyense akudziwa. Mwachitsanzo, bokosi limene limachokera chirichonse mu dziko lino, komanso lili ndi particles kupulayimale, kuwonjezera kalikonse - kuchokera zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa kuti quasars, kuchokera Popanga madzi a gamma kunyezimira kwa anamgumiwa buluu. N'kutheka kuti holographic - monga mlingo wa dziko, chimodzi mwa zinthu zamoyo zinangokhalako zokha chilengedwe.

Kodi nthawi

Mwachibadwa, anthu ali ndi chidwi. Iwo "kumva" chirengedwe chonse ichi zachiphamaso za zipangizo. Anagwirizana yokoka zakutali ku Hannover, kuyang'ana mafunde yokoka ndi zina kusinthasintha malo nthawi chifukwa cha zinthu supermassive danga. Choncho palibe yoweyula munthu sanapezedwa. Komabe, chifukwa amapezeka: phokoso lachilendo atakhazikitsa chowunikira, kuyambira mazana atatu ndi mazana khumi ndi asanu hedzi, amene mwachibadwa, anapanga ntchito. Gwero phokoso sanapezeke, ngati dzina Fermi Laboratory osati chinachititsa.

Zinali bwino kuganizira mfundo holographic, zotsatirazi zomwe spacetime si mosalekeza, ndi mndandanda wa yaying'ono-watersheds, mtundu zornyshek, kwadzidzidzi spacetime. Zida mu Hanover yolondola detects wosatsogoleredwa fluctuation kuti zidzachitika pa malire cheza danga. Telescope amapunthwa pa kupereŵera kwa malo ndi nthawi ndiponso anatenga malire yofunika iyi wa phokosolo. Padakali mawerengedwe zimagwirizana ndi zizindikiro za chowunikira zakutali. dziko ali pafupi kutsegula, kuposa chachikulu ndi. Ife, ndi onse amene tikukhala - Musamadzinamize ...