Habitat - m'dera la kufalitsa taxon ndi (banja, mtundu, mitundu)

Zamoyo moyo padziko lapansi ali paliponse: mu danga pansi mpweya, madzi, nthaka, ndipo ngakhale zina zamoyo. Aliyense mtundu mwachibadwa amakhala chilengedwe makamaka imene mwachindunji chimayendera.

Kodi malo? Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli, tiyeni tikambirane mfundo timapangira ammudzi, biocenosis ndi biogeocoenosis. Aliyense akudziwa kuti nyama ndi zomera kutenga mbali homogeneous gawolo ndiponso kucheza ndi mzake, kupanga ammudzi. Anthu nawonso, cholukanalukana ndi zamoyo zonse m'dera anapatsidwa, n'kupanga biocenosis. Zimavuta ndi zinthu zopanda moyo (kutentha, chinyezi, kuunikira ndi zina zotero. D.) Kupanga umodzi zamoyo zovuta kwa makope kanthu ndi mphamvu, wotchedwa biogeocenosis. Mtundu uliwonse wa topezeka mchakudya ena ndiponso kudyetsa ndi mphamvu zokwanira zamoyo zina (okwanira dera), komanso umapulumuka zinthu - abiotic, biotic ndi anthropogenic - izo optimally abwino. Habitat akuimira taxon makamaka yothetsa dera omveka bwino nawonso kukhalapo mu kukhalapo kwa zinthu zoyenera. Ndipotu, pali prerequisites zonse kutukuka kwa yeniyeni yaying'ono-zamoyo, zomera kapena zinyama.

m'dera amatchedwa mosalekeza, ngati mtundu wa okhala m'dera lonse kuti ndi oyenera malo awo, kapena azikomana kawiri-kawiri m'munda yake yeniyeni. Nthawi zina zamoyo akhoza kuthetsa m'madera osiyana pa malire a dera linalake kapena madzi, kupanga otchedwa chilumba malo. Ngati malo okhala lagawidwa m'magawo angapo unconnected m'njira kuti nyama kusamuka ndi kuwombola mbewu kapena spores zomera sikutheka, ndiye amatchedwa likukulira kapena disjunctive.

A siteji ya basi atochnye m'madera ochepa malo okhala m'dera mabanja wakale, genera ndi mitundu, amene kale anali ndi gawo lalikulu otchedwa chidina Mwachitsanzo, ginkgo biloba kapena mbewu. Sagovinikovye. Komanso, malo okhala, malingana ndi kukula ake a otchedwa cosmopolitans, ngati ndi yaikulu, ndipo kuderako ngati ziri zazing'ono.

Gawo, anthu winawake zomera ndi nyama, chifukwa cha phukusi yogwira wa munthu adzazunzidwa kusintha nthawi zina kuchiwonongeko wawo wonse. Komabe, kamodzi pali kuwonongedwa kwa nyama ndi zomera zimene M'dera izi, izo lidzaze ndi nthumwi latsopano la nyama ndi zomera. Kuphunzira resettlement chimatanthauza malire. Kuchita izi pa mapu akusonyeza malo kumene nyama moyo kapena zomera kukula mitundu yeniyeni, monga cheetah kapena Siberia Oil. sanjira amenewa amathandiza kulongosola bwino mayikidwe a zomera ndi nyama chuma, kufalikira kwa tizirombo mbewu ndi dziko nkhalango, zamoyo zina matenda, ndi zina zotero D..

Pa funso lomwelo kuti ndi malo, akhoza anayankha mwa njira zotsatirazi: ndi dera omveka bwino mwa amene akufalitsa napereka mkombero zonse akule taxon makamaka. Zamoyo kulibe kuno chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi nthumwi zina za nyama ndi zomera.