Osiyanasiyana mafunde wailesi ndi kafalitsidwe awo

M'mabukhu kwa sayansi chilinganizo anapatsidwa unintelligible pa mndandanda wa mphepo, amene nthawi zina bwinobwino ngakhale kwa anthu ndi maphunziro apadera ndi zinachitikira. Nkhaniyi itithandiza kuyesetsa kumvetsa kwenikweni, popanda zovuta kumvetsa. Woyamba amene anapeza mphepo anali Nikola Tesla. Mu nthawi pamene panalibe chamagetsi, Tesla sanathe kumvetsa zimene zodabwitsazi, umene pambuyo wotchedwa efa. Kondakitala ndi alternating magetsi ndi chiyambi cha funde wailesi.

magwero a mphepo

The zachilengedwe a mphepo ndi zakuthambo zinthu ndi mphezi. Amapanga wailesi yoweyula chopatsilira ndi wochititsa magetsi ndi kusamukira mkati ndi alternating magetsi. The mphamvu vibrational a jenereta mkulu pafupipafupi ndi anagawira kwa malo ozungulira kudzera ndi mlongoti wailesi. The ntchito woyamba anali gwero la wailesi yoweyula chopatsilira-wailesi Popov. Mu chipangizo ichi, mkulu-pafupipafupi mkulu voteji jenereta ntchito anachita pagalimoto olumikizidwa kwa mlongoti - dipole mlongoti. mphepo kudzera yokumba ntchito radars atathana ndi mafoni, wailesi, wailesi aya, mauthenga pa Kanema, navigation ndi makompyuta.

Osiyanasiyana mphepo

Monga ntchito wailesi mafunde ali pafupipafupi osiyanasiyana 30 kHz - 3000 GHz. Potengera yoweyula m'litali ndi pafupipafupi kafalitsidwe makhalidwe, wailesi gulu lagawidwa 10 kum'mwera kwa magulu:

1. Kuwonjezera - owonjezera yaitali.
2. Nkhanza za m'banja - yaitali.
3. NE - sing'anga.
4. HF - yochepa.
5. UHF - kopitilira muyeso.
6. MV - mita.
7. UHF - UHF.
8. SMV - centimeter.
9. IIM - millimeter.
10. SMMV - submillimeter

Pafupipafupi osiyanasiyana mphepo

radiowaves sipekitiramu salembedwa yagawidwa m'magawo. Malinga pafupipafupi ndi kutalika yoweyula wailesi ogaŵikana subbands 12. Pafupipafupi osiyanasiyana mphepo chiri cholukanalukana ndi pafupipafupi wa alternating chizindikiro panopa. Pafupipafupi magulu mafunde wailesi ya International Radio Malamulo 12 anapereka mayina:

1. ELF - otsika kwambiri.
2. ELF - kopitilira muyeso-otsika.
3. Inchi - subsonic.
4. VLF - otsika.
5. LF - otsika pafupipafupi.
6. MF - mids.
7. HF - mkulu pafupipafupi.
8. VHF - kwambiri.
9. UHF - kopitilira muyeso.
10. UHF - kopitilira muyeso mkulu.
11. EHF - kwambiri mkulu.
12. HFO - gipervysokie.

Ndi kukula mphepo pafupipafupi, m'litali amachepetsa ndi kucheperachepera mafunde pafupipafupi wailesi - ukuwonjezeka. Kufala, malingana m'litali - ndi katundu wofunika kwambiri mphepo.

Radio yoweyula kafalitsidwe 300 MHz - 300 GHz amatchedwa kopitilira muyeso-mkulu mayikirowevu chifukwa pafupipafupi awo ndi mkulu. Ngakhale boma-magulu zinthu zambiri, choncho, iwonso, lagawidwa intervals, monga ena ranges wa TV ndi mawailesi, m'madzi ndi malo aya, nthaka ndi mpweya, chifukwa Rada panyanja, popereka deta mankhwala ndi zina zotero. Ngakhale kuti uthunthu wonse wa mafunde wailesi lagawidwa m'madera anasankha malire ndi makonzedwe pakati pawo. Zina kutsatira mzake mosalekeza kudutsa kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake ndi zina alipo.

Features wa kufalitsa mphepo

Wofalitsa - ndi kulanda mphamvu kwa alternating mu atomu munda wa gawo limodzi la danga kwa wina. Mu vacuo mphepo kuyenda pa liwiro la kuwala. Atadziŵa chilengedwe kwa wailesi yoweyula kafalitsidwe kungakhale kovuta. Izi anawonetseredwa mu chizindikiro kupotoza kusintha kafalitsidwe malangizo, deceleration gawo ndi gulu velocities.

Aliyense funde la mitundu ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Long angagwirizane kuzemba mavuto. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wailesi sipekitiramu akhoza kufalitsa pa dziko ndege ndi madzi. The ntchito mafunde yaitali kofala ziwiya m'madzi ndipo m'madzi, amene amalola kuti olumikizidwa kwa kulikonse pa nyanja. Pa oti timaganiza mamita mazana asanu pa pafupipafupi mazana asanu kilohertz anatsekula amalandira lighthouses onse siteshoni kupulumutsidwa.

Radiowave kafalitsidwe mu ranges osiyanasiyana malingana pafupipafupi awo. Kutalika ang'onoang'ono ndi pafupipafupi apamwamba, ndi mwachindunji zambiri adzakhala njira ya aziweyulira. Choncho, ang'onoang'ono wamkulu pafupipafupi ake ndi kutalika, choncho ndi bwino akhoza kukhotetsa padziko mavuto. Aliyense gulu ali amayesetsa yakeyake wailesi makhalidwe mafunde kafalitsidwe, koma m'malire a magulu pafupi kusintha mwadzidzidzi mbali chosiyana ndi mwachipembedzo.

Kufalitsa Kaperekedwe

mafunde owonjezera yaitali ndi yaitali amuzungulire padziko lathuli, kufalikira pamwamba cheza zikwi makilomita.

Avereji yoweyula wadwala mayamwidwe wamphamvu kwambiri yekha wakutheker kugonjetsa mtunda 500-1500 Km. Pamene potero ionosphere mu osiyanasiyana zotheka okhudza malo kufala mtengo chizindikiro chimene amapereka mauthenga ku makilomita zikwi zingapo.

Short mafunde amayenda mtunda yochepa chifukwa mphamvu mayamwidwe awo pamwamba. Space amatha mobwerezabwereza anasonyeza ku dziko lapansili ndi ionosphere, kuti amayenda mtunda wautali, akuchita kufala kwa zambiri.

Ultrashort angathe kupatsira yambiri zambiri. mafunde Radio kuti osiyanasiyana umalowa mu ionosphere mu mlengalenga, motero pafupifupi zosafunika zolinga lapansi. mafunde pamwamba ndi panamveka ndi magulu awa mu mzere woongoka, osati skirting padziko lapansili.

Mu uthunthu kuwala zotheka kufala kwa mabuku yaikulu zambiri. Nthawi zambiri ntchito kulankhula lachitatu gulu mafunde kuwala. m'mlengalenga, iwo imvera attenuation Koma mwachoonadi mbendera imafalikira kwa mtunda wa makilomita 5. Koma ntchito m'magulu otere kulankhulana kumatha kufunika kupeza chilolezo kuchokera chavuta ndi telefoni.

mafananitsidwe mfundo

Pofuna kupereka mauthenga, wailesi yoweyula m'pofunika modulate mbendera. The chopatsilira limatulutsa ndi modulated wailesi pafupipafupi kuti lisinthike. Short, sing'anga ndi yaitali mafunde ali matalikidwe kusinthasintha mawu, kotero iwo amatchedwa AM. Pamaso modulated chonyamulira yoweyula amasuntha ndi matalikidwe zonse. Matalikidwe kusinthasintha mawu kwa HIV amasintha matalikidwe ake, motero, wa voteji chizindikiro. The matalikidwe a mphepo zimasiyanasiyana malinga mwachindunji kwa mbendera voteji. VHF pafupipafupi kusinthasintha mawu, chifukwa chake iwo amatchedwa World Cup. Pafupipafupi kusinthasintha mawu akusokoneza pafupipafupi zina amanyamula zambiri. Pakuti chizindikiro kufala mtunda amafunika modulate mkulu pafupipafupi chizindikiro. Pakuti chizindikiro analandira ayenera kuwasiyanitsa ndi boma chonyamulira yoweyula. Pafupipafupi kusinthasintha mawu phokoso kwaiye ndi zochepa, koma wailesi amakakamizidwa wailesi pa VHF.

Zinthu zokhudza khalidwe ndi mphamvu ya mafunde wailesi

Khalidwe ndi dzuwa la njira wailesi yoweyula phwando amakhudza cheza mbali. Chitsanzo ndi kachipangizo mlongoti kuti potsogolera cheza pa udindo wa kolandira kachipangizo anaika. njira Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti patsogolo yokulirapo m'munda wa wailesi zakuthambo, kupanga ambiri kufufuza mu sayansi. Iye anatsegula kuthekera kupanga Kanema Kuwulutsa deta wirelessly, ndi zambiri. Anapeza kuti mphepo amatha limatulutsa dzuwa, mayiko ambiri linali kunja ozungulira dzuŵa lathu, komanso nebulae dziko ndi nyenyezi zina. Amaganiza kuti pali zinthu kunja Way wathu ndi umuna amphamvu wailesi.

Kuti osiyanasiyana mphepo wailesi yoweyula kafalitsidwe ndi akhudzidwa osati dzuwa komanso nyengo. Choncho, mafunde mita zoona, sikudalira nyengo. A kafalitsidwe mtunda centimeter kwambiri amadalira nyengo. Ndi chifukwa chakuti chilengedwe amadzimadzi mu mvula kapena chinyezi msinkhu apamwamba mu mpweya mafunde anamwazikana kapena odzipereka.

Komanso bwanji khalidwe lawo ndi zopinga mu njira. Panthawi zimenezi, mbendera zimasuluka zikachitika, motero kwambiri chatsika audibility kapena kusiyiratu masekondi angapo kapena zambiri. Chitsanzo ndi zimene kwa ndege TV, pamene flickers fano ndi mizere yoyera kuonekera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti yoweyula potengera ku ndege napereka ndi mlongoti wa TV. zochitika zimenezi ndi kanema ndi wailesi transmitters kawirikawiri kwambiri m'madera a m'tawuni, ngati mafunde wailesi kuganizira osiyanasiyana nyumba, nsanja mkulu-nyamuka, kuwonjezera njira ya aziweyulira.