The chammwamba ndi osiyana ndi kugwa kwa miyala yochokera pa? Kufotokozera zitsanzo za zimiyala ndi meteorites

Alankhulepo za zomwe n'zosiyana ndi chammwamba kugwa kwa miyala yochokera kudziwa chinsinsi ndi wapadera nyenyezi. Nyenyezi anthu kukhulupirira zilakolako zawo kum'dalira, koma tiona zinthu zina zakuthambo.

Features chammwamba

Mawu akuti "chammwamba" amagwirizana ndi zochitika zikuchitika mu mlengalenga, imene pa mtengo kwambiri ankhondowo matupi yachilendo. particles ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti chiwonongeko mofulumira amapezeka pansi zochita za mikangano.

Kodi kufika zimiyala pamwamba? Kufotokozera za matupi awa lakumwamba, bungwe zakuthambo, ndi zokhazo limasonyeza milozo yochepa wowala wa kuwala nyenyezi. Asayansi kuwatcha "kuwombera nyenyezi."

Kaperekedwe meteorites

The kugwa kwa miyala yochokera ndi zotsalira za meteoroid imene imafika padziko lathuli. Malinga zikuchokera, pali kusiyana kwa zinthu zakuthambo mu mitundu itatu: mwala, chitsulo, chitsulo mwala.

Kusiyana pakati zakuthambo

The chammwamba ndi osiyana ndi kugwa kwa miyala yochokera pa? Funso limeneli kwa nthawi yaitali chinsinsi zakuthambo, chifukwa kuonetsetsa ndi kafukufuku.

Zimiyala pambuyo nkhondo ya m'mlengalenga kuonda awo. Pamaso kuyaka ichi misa lakumwamba chinthu si upambana magalamu khumi. Khalidwe limeneli ndi zonyozeka poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa Dziko Lapansi, kuyambira kugwa kwa chammwamba palibe zotsatira adzakhala.

Meteorites kugwa pa dziko lathuli, ndi kulemera kwambiri. Chelyabinsk kugwa kwa miyala yochokera amene anagwa padziko February 15, 2013, malinga ndi ziwerengero Katswiri, chinkalemera pafupi khumi matani.

The awiri a thupi lakumwamba zaka 17 m, mathamangidwe ndi kuposa 18 km / m. Chelyabinsk kugwa kwa miyala yochokera anayamba amaphulika pa msinkhu wa pafupi makumi makilomita, ndi nthawi okwana ndege sanali upambana masekondi makumi anai. mphamvu ya kuphulika kwa nthawi makumi atatu kuposa bomba la Hiroshima, anapanga chifukwa cha ndalama zambiri ndi makombo kuti zinagwa pa nthaka Chelyabinsk. Choncho kukangana chomwe chammwamba ndi osiyana ndi kugwa kwa miyala yochokera, poyamba pa zonse, tiona kulemera.

The kugwa kwa miyala yochokera yaikulu inali chinthu wapezeka m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri mu Namibia. Iwo matani makumi asanu.

pafupipafupi dontho

The chammwamba ndi osiyana ndi kugwa kwa miyala yochokera pa? Tipitirize kulankhula za kusiyana matupi akumwamba amenewa. Mu chikhalidwe cha dziko lapansi ndi tsiku chimodzi chokha zikuthwanima miyandamiyanda ya zimiyala. Pankhani ya nyengo bwino inu mukhoza kuona ola limodzi 5-10 "nyenyezi kuwombera" amene alidi zimiyala.

Meteorites kaŵirikaŵiri ndithu amapezeka padziko lathuli, koma ambiri a iwo kuwotcha ngakhale pa ulendowo. Pakuti tsiku la kunyanyala padziko lapansi mazana angapo a matupi amenewa wakumwamba. Chifukwa chakuti ambiri mwa iwo anafika m'chipululu, nyanja, nyanja, iwo alibe kuonetsa ofufuza za. Asayansi m'chaka n'zotheka kuphunzira kokha ochepa matupi awa lakumwamba (ndalama zisanu). Tsatirani funso za zinthu zimene zimachitika zimiyala ndi meteorites, tingathe kuona zikuchokera awo.

n'zosavuta

Small particles amapanga meteoroid angathe mavuto aakulu. Amatsogolera ankavala padziko spacecraft, akhoza kuletsa ntchito ya kachitidwe kawo mphamvu.

N'zovuta kuti aone bwinobwino anafunsa ndi meteorites. Padziko pambuyo zochitika akhala kuchuluka yaikulu "amamuyambitsa timabala" ndi "machiritso". Ngati thupi lakumwamba waukulu, ndiye udzaphwanya olamulira Earth kuchepetsa zotheka kuti kungasokoneze nyengo.

Kuti mumvetse bwino kukula kwa vuto, mungapereke chitsanzo cha Tunguska kugwa kwa miyala yochokera. Iye anagwa mu nkhalango, kuchititsa kuwononga kwambiri kudera la makilomita zikwi zingapo lalikulu. Ngati m'dera anali anthu, zikhoza kukhala nkhani za tsoka weniweni.

Chammwamba ndi chodabwitsa kuwala omwe nthawi zambiri anamuona pa nyenyezi. Tamasulira kuchokera ku mawu achigiriki amatanthauza "akumwamba." Kugwa kwa miyala yochokera thupi olimba ndi chiyambi danga. Ntchito yomasulira Russian akuti izi zikumveka ngati "miyala kuchokera kumwamba."

kafukufuku wa sayansi

Pofuna kumvetsa zimene comets ndi meteorites amasiyana zimiyala, santhulani zotsatira za kafukufuku wa sayansi. Akatswiri a sayansi ya anapeza kuti pambuyo chammwamba kugunda m'mlengalenga zigawo Lapansi ndi kung'anima awo. Mu ndondomeko kuyaka amakhalabe chopaka, wopangidwa mwa gasi ionized. particles chammwamba zokha pa msinkhu wa makilomita makumi asanu ndi awiri kuchokera padziko lapansi. The nyenyezi masamba nyenyezi "mchira." maziko ake ali pachimake, womwenso fumbi ndi matalala. Komanso, zinthu zotsatirazi zikhoza ili mu nyenyezi: carbon dioxide, amoniya, zosafunika organic. Fumbi mchira, amene wamulekerera zoyenda ake tichipeza particles gaseous.

Kamodzi m'mlengalenga chapamwamba, matupi danga anawononga zidutswa kapena fumbi ndi usavutike ndi mikangano ndipo umayamba. Zazing'ono iwo yomweyo kutenthedwa, ndi lalikulu, anapitiriza kugwa, ndikusunga njira wowala mpweya ionized. Iwo chimatha, kufika mtunda pafupifupi wofanana makilomita makumi padziko pansi.

Kung'anima nthawi anatsimikiza ndi unyinji wa thupi lakumwamba. Pankhani ya lalikulu kuyaka chammwamba mungasangalale kung'anima yowala mphindi zingapo. Izi zakuthambo ndondomeko kuyitana nyenyezi mvula. Mu nkhani ya chammwamba akusamba mu ola limodzi mukhoza kuwona za zana moto zimiyala. Ngati makulidwe a thupi lakumwamba yaikulu mu ndondomeko ya akuyenderera m'mlengalenga wandiweyani, ndi simudzathedwa nufikira padziko lapansili. Padziko Lapansi ndalama si maperesenti oposa khumi a kulemera choyambirira cha kugwa kwa miyala yochokera kwa.

Monga mbali ya chitsulo meteorites muli kwambiri kuchuluka kwa faifi tambala ndi chitsulo. Maziko a mwala wa matupi akumwamba ndi silicates: olivine ndi pyroxene. Iron mwala thupi pafupifupi wofanana chiwerengero cha silicates ndi chitsulo faifi tambala.

Pomaliza

Anthu nthawi zonse linakhalapo, anayamba kuphunzira zinthu zakuthambo. kalendala Star anatsimikiza nyengo, kuyesera kulosera tsoka anakumana kuopa ndi nyenyezi.

Pambuyo kuoneka osiyanasiyana telesikopu asayansi anatha kudziŵa zinsinsi zambiri ndi zinsinsi za nyenyezi. Akhala kwambiri kuphunzira comets, zimiyala, meteorites, ichi chititsimikizira chosiyana ndi kufanana pakati pa nyenyezi zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, kugwa kwa miyala yochokera waukulu, kumenya padziko lapansi, anali ndi chitsulo Goba. Asayansi ake apeza ku America Kukhala, kulemera kwake kunali pafupi matani makumi asanu. Wodziwika mu dongosolo la zowalitsa imatengedwa nyenyezi Halley a. Izo ndi zolumikizana ndi anapeza lamulo la mphamvu yokoka.