Phenomenological Sociology

Phenomenological Chaanthu - mtundu wa Chaanthu dongosolo, yomwe imalimbikitsa zimaonetsa chitaganya chodabwitsa chimene chakhala analenga ndipo nthawi zonse kulengedwanso mu mzimu wa zimavuta anthu. nzeru Phenomenological anayambitsa ndi Edmund Husserl. Kufunafuna chitukuko mfundo kwakukulu, iye ankafuna kuti akonze nzeru kuti ankatha kuchonderera gwero la zolawa zathu ndi chidziwitso. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti sayansi ochuluka alibe kuchokera ku chenicheni, ndi kuti mtundu uwu wa kukambirana kubwezeretsa phenomenology. Patatha zaka 50 mfundo Husserl a dzinali lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri ena angapo Cholinga pa Kupha chiphunzitso anakhazikitsa chikhalidwe, makamaka ku structural functionalism, amene ankaona ngati asakhalenso komanso moyo zinachitikira.

nzeru Phenomenological zakuthandizani afufuza ndi munthu wina wotchuka - Alfredom Shyuts, amene anali wophunzira wa Edmund Husserl. Chotengeka ndi a interactionism ophiphiritsa ndi mfundo za American wanzeru A.Shyuts chiphunzitso anayesa kuphatikiza malo awa awiri ndi kumvetsa phenomenological kuti bwino kuwonetsedwa ntchito yake yaikulu - ". The phenomenology wa dziko chikhalidwe" zofunika phenomenological wina kufufuza chikhalidwe ndi ntchito ya Berger ndi T.Lukmana "Social yomanga Zenizeni." Chiyambi cha ntchito zawo ndi kusanthula phenomenological wa nzeru tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe ndi nthawi chibadidwe kalembedwe. Kwenikweni, kudziŵa nthawi zonse anawauza kuti yankho la mavuto osiyanasiyana othandiza. Ndiye Berger ndi Luckman amanena kuti nzeru yeniyeni ndi opangidwa ndi anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi thupi lonse la chidziwitso opangidwa ndi anthu ena.

The zikamera wa Chaanthu phenomenological mu mabuku nthawi kugwirizana ndi kukumana kwa positivism, naturalism, structural functionalism ndi empiricism. Kumlingo zimenezi n'zoona. Ndipo komabe, kuti kusonyeza Chaanthu phenomenological, panali zifukwa zina zofunika, ena amene anali mu mfundo za sayansi zonse chikhalidwe. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu - m'pofunika kufufuza dziko chikhalidwe monga wamba, otchedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, dziko la munthu. Pankhaniyi, pali amatanthauza munthu amene amakwanitsa kumva zambiri, ndiponso kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa chinachake. Pa mfundo imeneyi, dziko chikhalidwe, monga phunziro la kafukufuku sociological, anasanduka dziko zinachitikira m'maganizo, m'mawu ena, dziko phenomenal. Tsopano dziko chikhalidwe - ndi dziko moyo wa anthu amene zochita ndi tanthauzo zotengera malingaliridwe ndipo amadalira zinthu zimenezo zimene kuwakhudza. Apa ndi dziko la moyo ndipo anali kuphunzira Chaanthu phenomenological.

Modern Phenomenology mu Chaanthu, makamaka wolalikira, motsogozedwa ndi chakuti kunja (kunja) dziko anthu chifukwa cha chilengedwe cha chikumbumtima. Popanda kumakana kuli dziko cholinga, asayansi chikhalidwe amakhulupirira kuti wayamba zofunika kwa anthu kokha pamene iwo kwenikweni kuzindikira izo, ndipo pamene likukhalira cholinga anthu kunja kwa zotengera malingaliridwe lamkati. Pankhaniyi anthu amaonera zinthu palibiretu zochitika zake, zochitika mwachitsanzo. Phenomenological Chaanthu Pankhaniyi cholinga chachikulu chimodzi - kuti tipeze, kumvetsa ndi kudziwa mmene anthu Analamulidwa (zosanjidwa) zochitika anazindikira dziko mmalingaliro anu ndiye kumasulira kudziwa za dziko pa moyo wake. The bwino kuthetsa vuto limeneli, pamodzi ndi Chaanthu phenomenological ntchito Chaanthu chidziwitso. Choncho, phenomenological Chaanthu ndi sanaganizire kwambiri cholinga dziko njira chikhalidwe ndi zochitika, mmene dziko ndi nyumba zambiri ndazindikira anthu wamba pa moyo wawo. N'chifukwa chake tikamanena kuti olimbikitsa azimuth uyu ali ndi cholinga zotsatirazi - kuzindikira ndi kumvetsa dziko mu linakhalapo wauzimu.