Bekkerel Anri, French wasayansi: yonena, kutsegula

Kodi mukudziwa amene anatulukira mpweya wa poizoni? M'nkhani ino tikambirana za sayansi amene ali Izi. Henri Becquerel - French wasayansi Nobel. Iye ndiye anali mu 1896 atapeza mpweya wa poizoni salt ureniamu.

Chiyambi wasayansi

Bekkerel Anri anabadwa December 15, 1852 mu Paris, nyumba Cuvier, amene anali m'manja mwa Museum National Mbiri Natural. Nyumba iyi anali wolumikizana ndi moyo wa aliyense wa laulemerero mafumu Becquerel. Agogo a wasayansi m'tsogolo, Antuan Sezar Becquerel (zaka za moyo - 1788-1878), mwana woyamba wa Paris Academy of Sciences, ndipo kuyambira 1838 - pulezidenti ake. Mchere, n'kuwagwira, ndi chodziwika. Makamaka, anaphunzira awo maginito, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, makina ndi zina. nyumba ali ndi gulu lapadera la zitsanzo, amene anachita mbali yaikulu mu moyo Aleksandra Edmonda Becquerel, mwana Antuana Sezara. Munthu uyu (zaka moyo - 1820-1891) nayenso anaphunzira Baibulo. Komanso, iye anali membala wa Paris Academy of Sciences ndipo anakhala pulezidenti ake mu 1880. Monga tate Anri Bekkerelya anali katswiri wa sayansi natumikira monga Director of National Museum of History Natural.

The maphunziro loyamba Henri

Pamene Henry anali 18, anayamba kuthandiza bambo ake mu maphunziro ake ndipo anakhala wachiwiri wake. Zinali ndiye kuti kuchita chidwi ndi mavuto a kujambula ndi phosphorescence, amene anakhala ndi Becquerel moyo. chidwi izi anatengera Antuan Anri, mwana wake. Buku Anri Bekkerelya "Kuwala, zimayambitsa matendawo ndi zochita" anadzakhala Bukhu Antoine.

Antuan Sezar, agogo ake a ngwazi athu, ali tcheru kwambiri maphunziro a mdzukulu wake. The mnyamata kuyambira ndili wamng'ono chinali chinachake chimene analola Antoine, amene sanaone luso ake apadera nkumaganiza kuti apite kutali.

Maphunzilo ku Lyceum ndi Ecole Polytechnique

Zinkakhalira kuti zinkachitika mu nyumba Cuvier anapereka kwa mapangidwe kwambiri yoopsa chidwi Henri sayansi. Boy anazindikiritsidwa mu Lyceum Louis Legrand. Bungwe ili, tisaiwale, iye anali mwayi ndi aphunzitsi. Pa zaka 19 mu 1872, Bekkerel Anri sukulu ya sekondale. Kenako anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa Ecole Polytechnique. Kuyambira m'chaka choyamba mnyamatayo anayamba mwachangu achite kafukufuku wawo. Kenako anapeza nthawi maluso awa experimental m'pofunika kwambiri.

Tsoka mu moyo wake, buku loyamba

Pa maphunziro Henry anayamba 3-nyengo ya zaka utumiki pa Institute of Kulumikizana, komwe anagwira ntchito zomangamanga. Nthawi imeneyi, anakwatira mwana wa katswiri wa sayansi. Mtsikana wina dzina lake Lyusi Zhamen. Iye anakomana iye kubwerera mu zaka lyceum. Komabe, banja mwayi wasayansi sunakhalitse. Bekkerel Anri ndataya mkazi wake wokondedwa, amene ndinangowasiya zaka 20. Iye anamusiya mwana wakhanda Jean.

Science wathandiza Henry kupulumuka kuonongeka. Scientist amatanganidwa maphunziro awo. Mu 1875 mwambo buku loyamba Anri Bekkerelya (mu "Journal de A sayansi"). Nkhani wake unadonthezedwa, ndi wasayansi 24 wazaka anapemphedwa kukhala mphunzitsi pa Ecole Polytechnique. Sukuluyi zaka 20 pambuyo pake, anali kale ndi pulofesa.

Kugwira ntchito ndi abambo ake, zolemba pamaphunziro ake digirii

Bekkerel Anri mu 1878, anayamba kugwira ntchito pa Museum of Natural History, kumene adali wachiwiri kwa atate wake. Ambiri mutu wa ntchito zawo wakhala kugwirizana ndi m'deralo, Optics magneto-kuwala galasi. Makamaka ofufuza ikuchitika kuphunzira chidwi mmene ndege imazungulira mu maginito, ndi kugawanika kuwala. Ndi chodabwitsa chidwi anapeza Maykl Faradey. Tsiku lililonse, kuonera patsogolo mwana wake, amene anali kale monga experimenter kwambiri, bambo Henry amanyadira iye. Henri Becquerel mu 1888 anapereka nkhani yolembedwa wake digirii pa Sorbonne. Ntchito imeneyi inali kupitiriza maphunziro a bambo ake ndi agogo, komanso chifukwa cha khumi cha ntchito ya wolemba. Zakhala ambiri kutamandidwa.

ntchito Scientific ndi banja latsopano

Anri Bekkerel chaka anadzakhala membala wa Paris Academy of Sciences. Anaikidwa Mlembi wa kulekana thupi. zaka 3 Patapita Henry anali kale ndi pulofesa pa National Museum of History Natural. ukwati wake wachiwiri, zaka 14 pambuyo umasiye, amatanthauza nthawi yomweyo.

An anapeza zofunika anapanga mwangozi

Ngati icho sichinali chifuniro cha choncho, tifuna kukumbukira kuti wasayansi okha monga usilikali ndipo experimenter waluso, koma osati kwambiri wina. Komabe, panali mwambo wofunika kwambiri. Ndi uyamiko kwa Iye anadziwika kuti dziko lonse Anri Bekkerel. Zosangalatsa za sayansi iyi ndi ambiri, koma chidwi kwambiri, mwina chifukwa chakuti anatulukira mpweya wa poizoni.

March 1 Anri Bekkerel anaphunzira zasayansi luminescence wake salt ureniamu. Kukhala ntchito udzatha, kunapezeka mu opaque wakuda nyemba wakuda pepala (TACHIMATA ureniamu mchere unatengera zitsulo mbale). Scientist kuyika chitsanzo pa bokosi la mbale Zithunzi umene uli kabati ndi kutsekedwa kabati. Patapita kanthawi Henry anatenga bokosi la mbale Zithunzi. -Iye anawaonetsa iwo, nthawi zambiri, awa ndi kusuta bwinobwino onse. Wasayansi anadabwa, chifukwa iye anapeza kuti chifukwa ena iwo anawunikiridwa. Henry anaona chifaniziro cha unatengera mbale zitsulo kukhoza kuwonetseredwa. Iye akanakhoza bwanji kufotokoza izo? Kuwala sakanakhoza kufika pa mbale. Choncho, malinga ndi mmene Becquerel, ena cheza zina anachititsa amenewa.

liwunikidwenso kunyezimira anapeza mwa Becquerel

Asayansi ankadziwa za kukhalako kunyezimira kuyambitsa blackening mbale Zithunzi, ndi osaoneka kwa diso. Patangotha miyezi isanu pamaso Röntgen anapanga anapeza wake chidwi. Kupezeka kwa X-ray - chimodzi cha zochitika zofunika kwambiri mbiri ya sayansi. Pa nthawi imeneyo, aliyense anali kulankhula za iye. Mwina ndiye chifukwa chake lipoti, amene anapanga sayansi Anri Bekkerel ku Paris Academy of Sciences March 2, 1896, padabwera ndi chidwi. Scientist May 12 analankhula za iwo kutsegula changwiro cha Museum of History Natural, pamaso pa gulu lalikulu. Ndiyeno iye tauzidwa za iwo ku Paris Mayiko Congress unachitikira mu August 1900. Pa nthawiyi, amene anatulukira mpweya wa poizoni, anazindikira kuti iwo wapezeka cheza - si luminescence. Ndi mosiyana ena a sayansi wotchuka cheza. Mu mankhwala kapena ndi thupi (kuthamanga, magetsi ndi zina zotero. D.) Zikoka si anasintha. Sindinathe kusamalira kupeza kuchepa mwamphamvu ake. Zinaoneka kuti ena Gwero losatha chimachokera mphamvu ichi.

Ndi nthawi kuti anali kale kuti kanthu kunyezimira wosaoneka anatulukira ndi Becquerel, osati kumabweretsa blackening mbale Zithunzi. Iwo kupanga ndi zinthu zina, kuphatikizapo kwachilengedwenso. Mwachitsanzo, pa thupi la mankhwala Becquerel, amene anali mu thumba lake, anapanga zilonda. Iwo sanali kuchiritsa kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuyambira pamenepo, asayansi ayamba kuika mankhwala mu bokosi patsogolo.

Cooperation ndi M. ndi Pierre Curie

Mwa anthu amene ali ndi chidwi Becquerel anapanga chotulukira, panali asayansi ambiri kwambiri. Tikumbukenso Anri Puankare ndi D. I. Mendeleeva, amene mwapadera anafika ku Paris kupeza wolemba wake. Komanso pakati pa asayansi awa anali banjali Marie ndi Per Kyuri. Chidwi Curie zachititsa kuti zotsatira zofunika. Mbiri ya atulukira mpweya wa poizoni anapitiriza kuti zotsatirazi anapezeka kuti: likukhalira, ndi chibadidwe, kupatula ureniamu ndi ena zinthu mankhwala, ngakhale kuti amakhala osiyana. Asayansi kupitiriza kuphunzira chikhalidwe thupi anatulukira ndi Becquerel kunyezimira. Motero, zotsatira za mphamvu chatsegulidwa, Chobwera mu kuvunda nyukiliya, ndi anachititsa mpweya wa poizoni ndi ena.

anafunika

The zinthu zazikulu Anri Bekkerelya analandira kuzindikira zimakuchitikirani. wasayansi anaitanidwa ku Royal Society of London. Komanso, Paris Academy of Sciences kupereka Henry zonse zilipo ndiye kanali. Becquerel August 8, 1900 ku Paris, analankhula pa Congress mayiko a thupi, pamene anawerenga lipoti chachikulu.

The Prize Nobel

Patatha zaka 3, iye anali kupereka ya Nobel Peace Prize (pamodzi ndi Maria ndi Pierre Curie) Anri Bekkerel. yonena wake ndi chidwi ndi chakuti sayansi iyi inali ku France woyamba amene anabweretsa Nobel Mendulo ku Paris. Curies, mwatsoka, sakanakhoza kubwera kulandira mu Stockholm. Kwa iwo Nobel Prize anali kupereka kwa mtumiki French.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Yolimbikitsa phwando, ulemu, kuzindikira mayiko - zonsezi akuyembekezera Anri Bekkerelya. Komabe, iye sanasinthe moyo. Scientist kufikira m'masiku otsiriza anakhalabe wodzipereka kwa sayansi ntchito odzichepetsa. Anri Bekkerel, kutsegula amene anali ofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko zina za sayansi, anafa Le Croisic (Brittany) pa zaka 55. Pomulemekeza, dzina lake zimaphala pa Mars ndi Moon, komanso unit cha mpweya wa poizoni - Bq. Dzina la sayansi ndi m'gulu mndandanda wa asayansi wamkulu French, limene lili pansi woyamba wa Tower Eiffel.

Tsoka la Jean Bekkereya

Zinali bwino maphunziro ntchito ndi Zhana Bekkerelya. Iye anali m'malo woyenera bambo ake. wasayansi ameneyu anabadwa pa February 5, 1878 ku Paris, komwe chirichonse ntchito Becquerel. Moyo wake unali wautali. Wasayansi anamwalira ali ndi zaka 75, pamene membala wa Paris Academy of Sciences ndi wasayansi wotchuka.

magazini atsopano

Ngati zochitika zonse umakhulupilira watsopano monga kutsegula njira zamakono mphamvu yopulumutsa, kudziwika mpweya wa poizoni wapereka asayansi osati mayankho yekha. Komanso wafunsira magazini atsopano ndi mavuto. Kodi limagwirira magwero nyukiliya kuwola? zochita zimene kubala cheza, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani? Pa mafunso awa ndi zina asayansi mulibe yankho lonse.