Kodi bwanji? kuthawa kapangidwe

Aboveground mbali ya mbewu wotchedwa akuti "mpulumutsi". Kapangidwe ka ndi chifukwa ntchito anachita. Kumene, chiwalo chilichonse ndi singasiyanitsidwe ndi Mzimuyo kuthekera kuli mitundu. Ntchito ya zakudya, njira kukula, luso atengere - izi ndi zina mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri za mbali yapadziko lapansi ya tizilombo zomera.

Biology: kapangidwe kuthawa

The kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe kusiyanitsa ofananira ndi lateral ziwalo: tsinde ndi tsamba. Kapangidwe ka mbewu akuwombera chidwi ndi zinthu zonse: kwa tosaoneka m'madzi duckweed kwa chimphona sequoia nkhalango. Ndi chifukwa kapangidwe zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu za gawo mlengalenga, zokhudzana ndi makhalidwe a chilengedwe ndi nyengo. Pali komanso adzafupikitsidwa embryonic mphukira - impso.

Kuika pepala kuika kutsinde gawo amatchedwa mfundo, ndi ngodya yomwe aumbike pakati pawo - chifuwa. Pakhala pali apadera impso, kupanga masamba kapena maluwa. Mtunda pakati pa malo awiri tsamba kuphatikana otchedwa interstitial.

tsinde

Kapangidwe kuthawa poyamba amadalira malangizo a kukula ndi malo danga la tsinde la. Malinga makhalidwe amenewa amasiyanitsa chilili, zokwawa, kukwawa, kukwera ndi mitundu tigwiritsitse. Umatheka ndi chikhalidwe osiyanasiyana padziko. Zimakhala wamaliseche kapena njira, yosalala kapena akhakula. Ngati inu kudula phesi crosswise, n'zotheka kudziwa mawonekedwe: wozungulira, ribbed, limodzi ndi nkhope kapena flattened.

Ndevu strawberries alinso kuthawa ake, ndi internodes adzafupikitsidwa.

Malinga mawonekedwe a moyo kusiyanitsa herbaceous ndi zake zimayambira. Kodi oyamba ndi cambium - mbali ya nsalu maphunziro. Mu zaka zoyambirira za moyo ofanana mu maonekedwe ndi mphukira zatsopano za mitengo ndi zitsamba. Iwo ali wobiriwira mtundu ndi amatha photosynthesis. Popeza kuti lignified pa nthawi, kukhala cholimba. Angathe atagwira zipatso zazikulu ndi kupirira gusts amphamvu a mphepo.

mitundu ya zimayambira

Malingana ndi maonekedwe a mkombero chitukuko cha mbewu kungakhale one-, thuu, ndipo yaitali. Mwachitsanzo, aster kufota m'dzinja, kenako afe kwathunthu. Mu ena osauka kaloti ndi Beets. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, iwo apanga mizu, amene mitembo amasungidwa zakudya. Mu yophukira amafa tsinde la. Koma mbewu mu mawonekedwe a tsinde kusinthidwa. Ndi isanayambike zinthu zabwino Yopulumuka limakula kumbuyo. Pankhaniyi, m'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo pa izo anapanga chifukwa cha mbewu maluwa, imene zimafalitsidwa zomera.

Moyo kuzungulira kwa zomera osatha, taganizirani kufufuza maonekedwe structural wa conifers mphukira. chitsamba chilichonse ichi kapena mtengo ndi tsinde limodzi amphamvu - thunthu. chitukuko akuyamba ndi kumera wa mbewu. anapanga mmera, ndipo pambuyo chifukwa cha ake kukula - chomera wamkulu. Ndi mapeto mkombero moyo osatha zomera imfa. Conifers amaonedwa kukhala azaka zoposa woona. Mwachitsanzo, paini miyoyo za zaka 400, spruce - mpaka 500, mlombwa - monga mmene 1000!

pepala

Mbali lateral a mphukira kwa zaka zosachepera zinchito ndi osiyanasiyana. Imakhala mpweya zoyendetsedwa, transpiration - evaporation wa madzi kuchokera pamwamba pa kafalitsidwe vegetative. Adzapulumuke, amene dongosolo obuslovlovleno ntchito anachita, yodziwika ndi zosiyanasiyana masamba.

Nkhadze singano ayenera kuchepetsa chamunthuyo chinyezi. palmate A lonse pa mgoza kavalo M'malo mwake, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwake.

Masamba ndi mbale wina wotchedwa ophweka, koma ndi ochepa ili pa petiole chomwecho - zovuta. Poganizira iwo, mungaone chitsanzo ena. Iwo amalenga mitsempha. Izi mitolo fibrovascular wa nsalu conductive. Ndi chikhalidwe cha venation kusiyana masamba ndi mauna (mapulo, apulo), kufanana (chimanga, rye) ndi Arc (plantain kakombo) veining.

Phyllotaxy

Kuthawa, kapangidwe ka potsata chiwerengero cha analandira mphamvu dzuwa, yodziwika ndi dongosolo losiyana masamba ndi tsinde la. Pankhani ya dongosolo mwauzimu aumbike lotsatira, ndipo ngati bwalo - anyamata, kapena verticillate.

Mu chikhalidwe palibe zomera kuti mulibe kusintha masamba. Iwo resets ndi paini, ndi Oil. Kuyambira pa kuchimwa, osati masamba zonse mwakamodzi, palibe amaona.

zosintha kuthawa

Pamene muyenera kugwira ntchito zina akuwombera ndi mbali yawo kusinthidwa. Masamba zikhoza kusinthidwa n'kukhala spines kapena mamba. Ine chomera zolusa, iwo ankatha kugwira ndi kupukusa tizilombo yaing'ono.

Features yothawira dongosolo Taganizirani chitsanzo cha mababu a. lathyathyathya kusinthidwa tsinde lake amatchedwa "woyambira mbale". Iwo ali angapo mitundu ya masamba: yowutsa mudyo - chifukwa kasungidwe madzi ndi zakudya, youma - chitetezo. Komanso, impso pamaso pa madzi okwanira kukula achinyamata masamba obiriwira. Ku tsinde la amalimanso fibrous mizu.

The tubers Yerusalemu atitchoku, lomwe limatchedwanso atitchoku komanso kupanga masinthidwe kuthawa - pa tuber. Pa unakhuthala phesi minofu ndi masamba rubtsevidnye, kumene kukula mphukira.

zimayambira Mobisa ndi internodes yaitali ndi rhizomes. Iwo ngati mkwapulo, ndi bwino anayamba makina ndi conductive nsalu. Impso ili pomwepo kenaka anapanga masamba. Anthu amene zatsopano mbali structural ya rhizomes ndi amakhulupirira kuti ngati kuchotsa masamba, chomera lonse afa. Koma maganizo ndi olakwika, chifukwa mbali yaikulu ya mbewu zimatetezedwa ndi pansi.

Ubale wa dongosolo ndi ntchito

Kapangidwe kuthawa zimadalira ntchito anachita. Izi zikhoza anasonyeza kuganizira zinthu za kapangidwe ka ziwalo. Pepala TACHIMATA ndi moyo minofu kunja khungu limene pali mipata - stomata. N'zofunika chitetezo kuwombola gaseous. The internals wa pepala akuimira kuwonjezera ndi wotchedwa chlorophyll minofu amene ali ndi udindo kwa zakudya autotrophic chomera lonse. Zochitika za conductive ndi zimakhala makina, kupanga mitsempha, ndi maziko a mayendedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya zofunikira.

Vegetative chomera ziwalo ndi muzu (mbali mobisa ilo) ndi apulumuke. Kapangidwe ka mbali zobereka salola kuti ntchito zimenezi. Amachita ndondomeko ya kubereka ndi mbewu kafalitsidwe. Koma duwa kusiyana pa tsinde, ndi kukula kwake kwa zinthu zofunikira organic aumbike mwa masamba.

Ndizachidziwikire kuti mbewu ndi chamoyo umodzi, mbali ukugwirira ntchito ndi cholukanalukana.