Kuthawa kwa zomera: mawonekedwe ndi ntchito

Ziwalo za maluwa, zomwe zakhala zamoyo kuchokera ku zamoyo zina zakhala zokhala ndi oimira dziko lino la chikhalidwe, zimakhala ndi zosiyana komanso zosiyana. Mbali ya pansi pa nthaka imatchedwa mzu, gawo loyamba pamwamba ndilo kuthawa. Ndikupulumuka kwa zomera zomwe zimapanga ntchito zofunika kwambiri: kusinthanitsa kwa gasi, photosynthesis, kupuma, kubzala masamba ndi malo ake opambana poyerekeza ndi dzuwa.

Chiyambi cha mphukira

Pogwiritsa ntchito chisinthiko, chiwalo ichi chikuwonekera pa oyambirira kufika ku nthaka youma - ma rhinophytes. Zimayambira zake zinali zokhotakhota komanso zokhoma, popeza zida zopangidwa ndi mawotchi zinalibe bwino. Koma ngakhale ndi dongosolo lopangidwa kale, photosynthetic pamwamba ikuwonjezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chomera chamoyo chinali bwino choperekedwa ndi chakudya.

Kodi kuthawa kwa zomera ndi chiyani?

Thawirani mbali ina ya zomera, yomwe ili ndi tsinde ndi masamba. Ziwalo zonsezi ndi zamasamba, kupereka kukula, zakudya komanso kubereka.

Kuthawa zomera kumakhalanso ndi ziwalo zonyansa - impso. Pali mitundu iwiri ya impso: vegetative ndi generative. Mitundu yoyamba imakhala ndi tsinde ndi masamba, zomwe pamwamba pake pamakhala minofu (meristem), yomwe imaimiridwa ndi kondomu ya kukula. Ngati kuwonjezera pa tsinde ndikusiya impso ili ndi maluwa kapena inflorescences, imatchedwa kutulutsa. Mu maonekedwe, masambawa amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake.

Malo omwe tsamba lomwe lili pa tsinde likuphatikizidwa amatchedwa mfundo, ndipo mtunda wa pakati pa node ndi chidziwitso. Pakati pa tsinde ndi tsamba limatchedwa sinus.

Pochita chitukuko, ziwalo zomwe zimayambitsa kubereka (kugonana) zimawonekera pa mphukira: duwa, chipatso ndi mbewu.

Kukula kwa kuthawa kwa impso

Poyamba zinthu zabwino m'chakachi, maselo osakanikirana a khunyu amayamba kugawa. Omwe amafupikitsidwawo amawonjezera kukula kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa mphukira yachinyamata. Pakati pa tsinde la tsinde ndi masamba apical. Amapereka kukula kwa chomera. Masamba a axillary ndi opangira mavitamini ali mu tsamba la axillary kapena internodes, motero. Chifukwa cha iwo mawonekedwe a tsinde amawombera, kapena kuti nthambi.

Njira zopangira zomera

Malinga ndi kapangidwe kameneko, pali njira zingapo zowonjezera nthambi:

1. Wokongola . Mitengo yambiri yamakono, yomwe imakhala ikukula kuchokera kumodzi umodzi, kuchokera ku chimodzi mwa izo, ndi zina zotero. Choncho, pangani zomera zina zam'mlengalenga ndi zapamwamba: zigwa ndi fern.
2. Primopodial . Nthambi imeneyi ikhonza kuwonedwa mu gymnosperms (pine, spruce), ndi angiosperms (mtengo wamtengo, mapulo). Kwa nthawi yaitali, tsinde la zomera zimenezi linakula motalika ndi zotsatira za nthambi yotsatira.
3. Kusasamala. Mwa njira iyi, kukula kwa apical, m'malo mwake, kumamitsidwa. Ndipo ofananira nawo masamba mwakhama kukula, kupanga zambiri ndi ofananira nawo mphukira. Peyala, chitumbuwa ndi zomera zina ndizo chitsanzo cha kukula.

Kusintha kwa mphukira

Kodi kuthawa kwa zomera ndi momwe zikuwonekera, ndithudi, aliyense akudziwa. Koma chilengedwe chimafuna kuwonanso ntchito zina. Izi zimaperekedwa mosavuta ndi ziwalo za zomera. Kuthawa kumasinthidwa, kupeza zinthu zatsopano za mawonekedwe, pamene zimaphatikizapo mbali zina zomwe zimatha kuthawa.

Kusintha kwakukulu kwa kuthawa kumaphatikizapo:

• Rhizome - ili pansi, pomwe nthawi zambiri imakula pang'onopang'ono. Zakhala zikuphatikizana kwambiri ndi impso, zomwe masamba amapezeka pamtunda pa dziko lapansi. Choncho, zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa zomera zomwe zili ndi rhizomes (kakombo wa chigwa, wheatgrass, valerian). Pambuyo potaya masamba, mphukira yokha imakhala pansi, ikukula ndi yayikulu.

• Tuber - wokhuthala internodes, ndi impso - maso. Woimirira kwambiri wa zomera zomwe zimapanga tubers ndi mbatata. Chifukwa chakuti imakula padziko lapansi, nthawi zambiri imasokonezeka ndi mizu yosinthidwa. Komabe, pali tubers topgroundground, mwa kohlrabi.
• Bulub - kuwombera kosinthika kwa zomera ndi bwino masamba, ili pa lathyathyathya tsinde - pansi. Makhalidwe a adyo, anyezi, tulip, kakombo. Masamba obiriwira mkati amadzipezera zakudya, ndipo masamba owuma akunja amawateteza kuti asawonongeke.
• Mitengo ndi zoteteza mapeyala, nyanja buckthorn, hawthorn ndi zomera zina. Pokhala m'munda wa axillary, iwo amatetezera chomeracho kwa zinyama zomwe akufuna kuzidya.
• Nthano - kusinthika mphukira zopotoka, kukonza zomera pamalo enaake. Nkhaka, mphesa, dzungu ndiwo ambiri zomera pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi.

• Mustache - woonda mphukira ndi yaitali internodes. Strawberries ndi strawberries zimatulutsa maluwa ndi chithandizo cha masharubu.

Monga momwe mukuonera, kuthawa kwa zomera kumakhala ndi mbali zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa, zingasinthidwe malingana ndi chilengedwe ndipo zimapatsa zomera zonse kukhala zosiyana.